Standards Alignment... 5 Safe Science... 9 Scienti c Inquiry...11 Assembling Rubber Band Books... 15

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1 Standards Alignment... 5 Safe Science... 9 Scienti c Inquiry...11 Assembling Rubber Band Books Technology and Tools The History of Telescopes Tech Track-Down Homemade Microscopes...29 Wee See...37 Lots of Colored Dots...45 Earth in Space and Time Star Tracks Spinning Stars...63 Facing Up to the Moon...75 Lunar Looking...89 Phase Facts: The Moon...99 Dizzy Spells It s Apparent Spin Cycle Time Zones Night and Day Rotation and Revolution A Place for Space Earth s Natural Resources Renewable Resources Nonrenewable Resources Resourceful Thinking Researching Resources Concentrating on Resources Were You Aware? Watersheds Shedding Light on Our Water Resources on the Map Windmills Solar Energy and Solar Power In Hot Water Assessment Meter Tape Family Letter Materials List The AIMS Program Model of Learning Chinese Proverb Earth Structures Rock Types Tri Grouping Rocks Rocking the Cycle Settling on Sediments Sedimentary Stories Cool Crystals Metamorphic Munchies Rocks and Minerals Just Between the Two of Them Mineral Management Earth Changes Weathering Causes Changes Weathering Ways Radishes Rock Erosion Evidence for Erosion Rain Away Don t Rain Away Sandy Beaches Core Curriculum/Florida AIMS Education Foundation

2 Activity Technology and Tools The History of Telescopes Tech Track-Down Homemade Microscopes Wee See Lots of Colored Dots Earth in Space and Time Star Tracks Spinning Stars Facing Up to the Moon Lunar Looking Phase Facts: The Moon Dizzy Spells It s Apparent Spin Cycle Night and Day Rotation and Revolution A Place for Space Earth Structures Rock Types Tri Grouping Rocks Rocking the Cycle Settling on Sediments Sedimentary Stories Cool Crystals Metamorphic Munchies Rocks and Minerals Just Between the Two of Them Mineral Management Earth Changes Weathering Causes Change Weathering Ways Radishes Rocks Erosion Evidence for Erosion NGSSS E.6.5 E.6.5 E.6.5 E.6.5 E.6.5 E.5.1, E.5.4, N.3.1 E.5.1 E.5.2, E.5.4, N.3.1 E.5.2 E.5.2 E.5.3 E.5.3, E.5.4 E.5.3, N.3.1 E.5.3, E.5.4 E.5.4 E.5.5 E.6.1 E.6.1 E.6.1 E.6.1, N.3.1 E.6.1, N.3.1 E.6.1, N.3.1 E.6.1, N.3.1 E.6.2 E.6.1, E.6.2 E.6.2 E.6.4 E.6.4 E.6.4, N.3.1 E.6.4, N.3.1 E.6.4 E.6.4, N.3.1 Core Curriculum/Florida AIMS Education Foundation

3 Rain Away Don t Rain Away Sandy Beaches Earth s Natural Resources Renewable Resources Nonrenewable Resources Resourceful Thinking Researching Resources Concentrating on Resources Were You Aware? Watersheds Shedding Light on Our Water Resources on the Map Windmills Solar Energy and Solar Power In Hot Water E.6.4, N.3.1 E.6.4, N.3.1 E.6.4, N.3.1 E.6.3 E.6.3 E.6.3 E.6.3 E.6.3 E.6.3 E.6.6 E.6.3, E.6.6 E.6.3, E.6.6 E.6.3, E.6.6 E.6.3, E.6.6 E.6.6 E.6.6, N.3.1 Core Curriculum/Florida AIMS Education Foundation

4 Florida Fourth Grade Next Generation Sunshine State Standards Alignment Scientific Inquiry BIG IDEA 3: The Role of Theories, Laws, Hypotheses, and Models The terms that describe examples of scientific knowledge, for example; theory, law, hypothesis, and model have very specific meanings and functions within science. SC.4.N.3.1 Explain that models can be three dimensional, two dimensional, an explanation in your mind, or a computer model. Star Tracks Facing Up to the Moon Spin Cycle Settling on Sediments Sedimentary Stories Cool Crystals Metamorphic Munchies Weathering Ways Radishes Rock Evidence for Erosion Rain Away Don t Rain Away Sandy Beaches In Hot Water Earth Science BIG IDEA 5: Earth in Space and Time Humans continue to explore Earth s place in space. Gravity and energy influence the formation of galaxies, including our own Milky Way Galaxy, stars, the Solar System, and Earth. Humankind s need to explore continues to lead to the development of knowledge and understanding of our Solar System. SC.4.E.5.2 SC.4.E.5.3 SC.4.E.5.4 SC.4.E.5.5 Describe the changes in the observable shape of the moon over the course of about a month. Facing Up to the Moon Lunar Looking Phase Facts: The Moon Recognize that Earth revolves around the Sun in a year and rotates on its axis in a 24-hour day. Dizzy Spells It s Apparent Spin Cycle Night and Day Rotation and Revolution Relate that the rotation of Earth (day and night) and apparent movements of the Sun, Moon, and stars are connected. It s Apparent Night and Day Star Tracks Facing Up to the Moon Rotation and Revolution Investigate and report the effects of space research and exploration on the economy and culture of Florida. A Place for Space SC.4.E.5.1 Observe that the patterns of stars in the sky stay the same although they appear to shift across the sky nightly, and different stars can be seen in different seasons. Star Tracks Spinning Stars Core Curriculum/Florida AIMS Education Foundation

5 BIG IDEA 6: Earth Structures Humans continue to explore the composition and structure of the surface of Earth. External sources of energy have continuously altered the features of Earth by means of both constructive and destructive forces. All life, including human civilization, is dependent on Earth s water and natural resources. SC.4.E.6.1 SC.4.E.6.2 SC.4.E.6.3 Identify the three categories of rocks: igneous, (formed from molten rock); sedimentary (pieces of other rocks and fossilized organisms); and metamorphic (formed from heat and pressure). Rock Types Tri Grouping Rocks Rocking the Cycle Settling on Sediments Sedimentary Stories Cool Crystals Metamorphic Munchies Just Between the Two of Them Identify the physical properties of common earth-forming minerals, including hardness, color, luster, cleavage, and streak color, and recognize the role of minerals in the formation of rocks. Rocks and Minerals Just Between the Two of Them Mineral Management Recognize that humans need resources found on Earth and that these are either renewable or nonrenewable. Earth s Natural Resources Renewable Resources Nonrenewable Resources Resourceful Thinking Researching Resources Concentrating on Resources Shedding Light on Our Water Resources on the Map SC.4.E.6.4 SC.4.E.6.5 SC.4.E.6.6 Describe the basic differences between physical weathering (breaking down of rock by wind, water, ice, temperature change, and plants) and erosion (movement of rock by gravity, wind, water, and ice). Earth Changes Weathering Causes Change Weathering Ways Radishes Rock Erosion Evidence for Erosion Rain Away Don t Rain Away Sandy Beaches Investigate how technology and tools help to extend the ability of humans to observe very small things and very large things. The History of Telescopes Tech Track-Down Homemade Microscopes Wee See Lots of Colored Dots Identify resources available in Florida (water, phosphate, oil, limestone, silicon, wind, and solar energy). Were You Aware? Watersheds Shedding Light on Our Water Resources on the Map Solar Energy and Solar Power In Hot Water Core Curriculum/Florida AIMS Education Foundation

6 Topic Watersheds Key Question What is my local watershed, and why is it important? Learning Goals Students will: identify water as an important natural resource, determine the watershed in which they live, and use the Internet to research facts about their watershed. Guiding Document NRC Standards Resources are things that we get from the living and nonliving environment to meet the needs and wants of a population. Some resources are basic materials, such as air, water, and soil; some are produced from basic resources, such as food, fuel, and building materials; and some resources are nonmaterial, such as quiet places, beauty, security, and safety. Changes in environments can be natural or influenced by humans. Some changes are good, some are bad, and some are neither good nor bad. Pollution is a change in the environment that can influence the health, survival, or activities of organisms, including humans. Science Earth science natural resources water watersheds Integrated Processes Observing Comparing and contrasting Identifying Researching Materials Internet access Student pages Background Information Water is one of our most important natural resources; without it, life on Earth as we know it could not exist. Water, both fresh and salty, is used in many ways. It is a habitat for fish, birds, and many other animals; it is used for agriculture and human consumption; it is used for recreation; and it is used in industry. Watersheds are one way of thinking about the water resources in a particular area. A watershed is a geographic area in which all the water that flows across the land drains into a common body of water, be that a stream, river, lake, or ocean. Areas of higher elevation, called divides, separate watersheds. The state of Florida has 29 major watersheds. Most of these lie entirely within the state of Florida, but those along the northern border encompass parts of other states as well. The Department of Environmental Protection has developed Florida s watershed management program to monitor water quality, to protect and restore watersheds, to evaluate impacts of human activities such as urban development, and more. Management 1. Students must have Internet access to complete this project. 2. Before you do this activity, determine the watershed in which your city is located. If you live near a watershed boundary, you may need to consult the website listed in Internet Connections to verify your watershed. Procedure 1. If students have not already read the Watersheds rubber band book, distribute it and read through it. Review the meaning of the word watershed. Question students about the ways in which they use their local watershed and why water is important. [drinking water, recreation, fishing, etc.] 2. Ask students to brainstorm some of the water features nearby that are likely in your local watershed. Remind students that a watershed includes lakes, rivers, streams, canals, wetlands, springs, and more. Record their responses on the board. 3. Distribute the map page to each student. Have them identify the approximate location of your city on the map and determine the watershed in which you live. 4. Explain that students will be working in groups to do a little research to find out more about your local watershed. 5. Divide students into groups and distribute the second student page. Read through the questions that students will be answering together as a class. Core Curriculum/Florida AIMS Education Foundation

7 6. Provide groups time to use the computers and complete their research. 7. Compare the results as a class and discuss any differences in information collected. Allow all groups to share the fact they found most interesting. Connecting Learning 1. What is a watershed? Why is water important? 2. What is the name of our local watershed? 3. What are the major towns and counties that are a part of our local watershed? 4. Which of the major water features in our watershed were we able to think of as a class before doing our research? 5. Are there water features we thought of that are not part of our local watershed? What does this tell us? [These features are part of another nearby watershed. Possibly, you live close to a watershed boundary.] 6. How are humans impacting our local watershed? What are some things we can do to help reduce this impact? 7. What are some of the interesting facts you learned about our local watershed? 8. What are some of the other watersheds near our city? How do you think they compare to our local watershed? 9. What are you wondering now? Extensions 1. Have students research the watersheds that border yours and compare and contrast the features and characteristics. 2. Have each student take a different watershed in the state to research. Share findings so that students learn about all of Florida s watersheds. 3. Show students The Florida Water Story video on the Florida s Water: Ours to Protect website or one of the other videos or animations on Florida water issues. Internet Connections Florida s Water: Ours to Protect Click on the interactive map or select a watershed from the drop down menu to learn about the watershed. Other resources on the site include videos and animations on Florida s water, information on watershed protection, and the latest news on Florida water issues. Core Curriculum/Florida AIMS Education Foundation

8 Key Question What is my local watershed, and why is it important? Learning Goals Students will: identify water as an important natural resource, determine the watershed in which they live, and use the Internet to research facts about their watershed. Core Curriculum/Florida AIMS Education Foundation

9 Go to Select your local watershed from the menu. Answer the questions below. Use the back of the paper, if necessary. Our local watershed is: 1. How large is our watershed? 2. What are some of the major towns in our watershed? 3. How many counties are a part of our watershed? 4. Which of the major water features in our watershed did we have on our class list? 5. What are some of the human impacts on our local watershed? 6. What fact about our local watershed did you find the most interesting? 7. Why are watersheds important? Core Curriculum/Florida AIMS Education Foundation

10 W N E Watershed Key 1. Perdido River S 2. Pensacola Bay Choctawhatchee River - St. Andrew Bay Apalachicola - Chipola River 5. Ochlockonee - St. Marks Rivers Suwannee River 7. Nassau-St. Marys Rivers 8. Lower St. Johns River 9. Upper East Coast 10. Ocklawaha River 20. Fisheating Creek 21. Lake Okeechobee 22. St. Lucie - Loxahatchee Rivers Middle St. Johns River 12. Withlacoochee River 13. Springs Coast 14. Tampa Bay 15. Tampa Bay Tributaries 16. Kissimmee River 17. Upper St. Johns River 18. Indian River Lagoon 23. Charlotte Harbor Caloosahatchee River 25. Lake Worth Lagoon - Palm Beach Coast 26. Everglades West Coast 27. Everglades 28. Southeast Coast - Biscayne Bay 29. Florida Keys Sarasota Bay - Peace River - Myakka River Core Curriculum/Florida AIMS Education Foundation

11 Connecting Learning CONNECTING CONNECTING LEARNING LEARNING 1. What is a watershed? Why is water important? 2. What is the name of our local watershed? 3. What are the major towns and counties that are a part of our local watershed? 4. Which of the major water features in our watershed were we able to think of as a class before doing our research? 5. Are there water features we thought of that are not part of our local watershed? What does this tell us? Core Curriculum/Florida AIMS Education Foundation

12 Connecting Learning CONNECTING CONNECTING LEARNING LEARNING 6. How are humans impacting our local watershed? What are some things we can do to help reduce this impact? 7. What are some of the interesting facts you learned about our local watershed? 8. What are some of the other watersheds near our city? How do you think they compare to our local watershed? 9. What are you wondering now? Core Curriculum/Florida AIMS Education Foundation