Kristin Heinemeier, PE, PhD Principal Engineer UC Davis WCEC

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1 Kristin Heinemeier, PE, PhD Principal Engineer UC Davis WCEC June 14, 2012

2 Part of the Energy Efficiency Center at UC Davis Launched April 2007 Current staff: Mark Modera, Director Dick Bourne, Senior Advisor Kristin Heinemeier, Principal Engineer Theresa Pistochini, Jonathan Woolley, William Allen, John Markley, Associate Engineers Claudia Barriga, Staff Behavioral Research Associate Curtis Harrington, Kevin Brown, Caton Mande, Perry Young, Assistant Engineers Zhijun Liu, Nasim Tajmand, Andrea Potter, Marco Pritoni, Nelson Dichter, Laura Flynn, Graduate Students

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4 16 14 Electrical Demand (GW) Hour Process Heating WaterHeat AirComp Cooking Refrig OfficeEquip Misc Motors ExtLight IntLight Vent Cooling

5 0.025 AHRI Outside Air Condition 40% % 20% 10% Dry Bulb Temperature - F Humidity Ratio - lb moisture / lb dry air

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7 Reactive Maintenance Preventive Maintenance Predictive Maintenance Quality Maintenance Operations & Maintenance High Performance O&M Maintenance Tune-Up O&M Assessment Retrocommissioning Retrofit Optimization

8 A quality-focused process for attaining the Current Facility Requirements (CFRs) of an existing facility and/or its systems and assemblies. The process focuses on planning, investigating, implementing, verifying, and documenting that the facility and/or its systems and assemblies are operated and maintained to meet the CFRs, with a program to maintain the enhancements for the remaining life of the facility. ASHRAE Guideline 0.2 DRAFT

9 California Commissioning Collaborative, Commissioning Guide (Existing Buildings)

10 The purpose of this standard is to establish minimum HVAC inspection and maintenance requirements that preserve a system s ability to achieve acceptable thermal comfort, energy efficiency, and indoor air quality in commercial buildings. ASHRAE/ACCA Standard 180

11 Responsible Party Building owner or designated other parties that shall be authorized and contractually obligated to fulfill the owner s responsibility. Maintenance Program Inventory of Items to be Inspected and Maintained Maintenance Plan Development Performance Objectives Condition Indicators I&M Tasks I&M Task Frequencies Documentation Listing of systems and components with associated performance criteria pertinent to the facility I&M Tasks and the method of tracking (automated or manual) Sufficient record detail and verification (written or electronic) to demonstrate implementation of the maintenance plan Emergency information Maintenance Plan Authorization and Execution Revision of the Maintenance Program

12 Thermostat Replaced Airflow Adjustments Cleaned Fan Cleaned Condenser Coil Cleaned Evaporator Coil Economizer Adjusted or Repaired Thermostat Reprogrammed Refrigerant Charge Adjusted Installed new valve caps Further Service Recommended Maintenance Conducted RCx Quality Maintenance, RCx? Quality Maintenance Quality Maintenance Quality Maintenance Maintenance Tune-Up, RCx? Maintenance Tune-Up High Performance O&M Quality Maintenance Maintenance Tune-Up Quality Maintenance Units Visited Number of Air Conditioners Serviced

13 Similarities Importance of Owner s Requirements and Performance Objectives Importance of Plan Observation and Condition Indicators Revising Plan over Time Importance of Documentation Differences Objective: Preserve, Retain, Restore vs. Attain Performance Emphasis on Training and Testing Component vs. Systems Approach

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15 Inspection by a trained HVAC contractor Develop a customized, 3-year maintenance plan that considers: Performance Objectives Condition Indicators Planned Maintenance Bring your rooftop unit(s) up to the baseline operating level defined by Standard 180. Assess equipment condition Perform a cooling service analysis Remediate maintenance-related repairs

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17 HVAC contractor will perform a comprehensive assessment of the HVAC units condition prior to servicing them. Over the term of the service agreement, qualifying HVAC units will receive regular servicing [Std 180] that goes well above routine maintenance to optimize their performance and longevity.

18 High Impact Measure Program with Measure A B C D E F G HIM Gross Ex-post kwh Gross kwh HIM Ex-post Realization HIM Savings Gross kwh Rate [Column Install [Column B * HIM Savings B/Column A] Rate Column D] NTGR HIM Ex-ante Gross kwh Savings HIM Ex-post Net kwh Savings [Column E * Column F] Res RCA PGE ,966,327 7,990,218 28% 52% 4,114, ,347 Res RCA PGE2078 1,191, ,739 38% 89% 406, ,405 Res RCA SCE2502 3,760,920 1,684,228 45% 89% 1,497, ,167,878 Res RCA SCE ,440,821 25,260,503 45% 57% 14,373, ,067,384 Res RCA SDGE3035 1,373, ,317 33% 89% 402, ,645 C&I RCA PGE2068 4,818,552 2,172,294 45% 68% 1,485, ,358 C&I RCA PGE2080 9,161,619 1,814,383 20% 45% 824, ,596 C&I RCA SCE2507 9,758,899 7,020,259 72% 67% 4,731, ,698 C&I RCA SDGE3043 2,944, ,598 21% 67% 413, ,874 KEMA 2009

19 Reason Program Process Measurements System Human Measure choice Uncertainty in Accuracy of performance criteria contractors or algorithms, measurements, Definition of metrics, Calibration procedures Definition of process Measure Not Capable of Savings High cooling setpoints= no savings Measure Capable of Savings, but Savings not Achieved Program Verification, Incentives (to whom, how much) Adherence to process Particular instrument used, Particular instrument calibration, Instrument placement, Instrument robustness and ease of use Condition of system, Environmental conditions during test, Vintage/age Training, Language, Motivation, Incentive Level, Integrity, Attention to detail, Awareness of verification, Seasonality of work, Time pressures Savings Achieved, but not Persistent Timing of M&V Change in conditions between service and M&V Long-term datalogging Leaks, Degradation, Other changes over time, failure of some components (run capacitors?) affect operation/savings Homeowner maintenance behavior, Homeowner takeback effect Savings Persistent, but not Measured Contractor participation in M&V Definition of metrics, Definition and adherence to M&V process Sampling issues Long-term datalogging, Accuracy of M&V measurements, Calibration of M&V Instruments M&V Training, M&V Motivation, Contractor motivation for participating

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23 NBCIP,

24 13 Technicians Observed Covertly Requested service, maintenance, and energy tune-up. Average price: $87 Average time: 1:11 Average years of experience: 14 Only two found that airflow was <250 cfm/ton (one didn t figure out why)

25 Description Technicians Attempt s Correct Thermostat 6 5 Electrical 9 1 Ducts 9 0 Condenser Coil 7 0 Air Filter 9 2 Ext. Static 2 1 Temp Split 6 2 Refrig. Chg. 5 0 Motor Amps 7 0 Biologicals 6 0 Evaporator Coil 0 0 Furnace 5 2 Line and Duct Insulation 9 1 Airflow 2 1 Registers 5 4 Attempts Correct

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27 Mx and RCx are both on a continuum. Mx and RCx have some similarities, and some differences. Both Mx and RCx are required to ensure building performance, and Mx Condition Indicators may Signal need for RCx. Mx programs are very difficult. Humans, measures, and measurements are very important.

28 Kristin Heinemeier Principal Engineer Western Cooling Efficiency Center