4 th U.S.-China CO2 Emissions Control Science & Technology Symposium

Transcription

1 Enhanced Carbon Capture and Utilization in Power Plants through Hybridization with Grid Dynamics 4 th U.S.-China CO2 Emissions Control Science & Technology Symposium Richard D. Boardman, Ph.D. Chem. Eng. Manager, Energy Systems Integration September 20-22, 2014 Hangzhou, People s Republic of China

2 Power Dynamics Create Hybrid System Opportunities Peak Representative Wind Generation Profile in Wyoming Peaking power is expensive low capital utilization 1

3 2 Electricity Costs Vary with Time-of-Use and Power Generation Resources Forsberg, MIT 2014 Distribution of electricity prices, by duration, at Houston, Texas hub of ERCOT, 2012

4 Hybridization of Electricity Grid with Transportation and Manufacturing Sectors Primary Heat Suppliers Thermal Energy Storage Buffer CO 2 Rankine and Brayton Power Cycles Peak Power Generation Renewable Power Generation Electricity Grid Electrical Energy Storage Buffer Electric Vehicles Electric Heating Illumination Electro-Chemical Processing Thermal-Chemical Processes Chemicals & Fuels Synthesis Market-Ready Fuels Methanol Olefins Fertilizers O 2 Hydrogen & Oxygen Production H 2 Industrial Heat Applications Oil Refining Forest / Paper Products Waste Water Treatment & Desalination Oil Sands / Oil Shale Production

5 Clean Coal Renewable H 2 /O 2 Hybrid with Grid Baseload plants are converted to load-managing units High temperature electrolysis replaces air separation unit Firms renewables (wind and solar) on the electricity grid Optimizes capital equipment utilization factor Hydrogen peaking turbines (or fuel cells) add rapidly dispatchable zerocarbon power 4

6 Clean Coal Renewable H 2 /O 2 Hybrid with Grid Wind Farm Oxy-fire CO 2 to EOR Coal Power Plant Steam Electricity GRID Low GHG Products Electricity Ammonia Fertilizer Fuel Refinery Biofuels & Synfuels Metals Refining Fuel-Cell Vehicles Fuel-Cell Power O2 High T. Steam Electrolysis H2 Hydrogen Utilization Process Divert excess power and steam to electrolysis Hydrogen is valuable an energy product Hydrogen and oxygen provide grid-scale energy storage 5

7 INL High Temperature Steam Electrolysis Research Scope High Temperature Electrolysis Lab small scale testing CFD Modeling Steam electrolysis efficiency is 27% higher than conventional electrolysis INL 15kW HTE Demonstration Largest demonstration of HTE in world to date TRL 5 DOE NHI program culminated with external review committee selecting HTE as most promising sustainable H 2 production technology US Patent # 7,951,283 High Temperature Electrolysis for Syngas Production INL recognized as the world leader in this technology Over 100 publications

8 Comparison of High Temperature Steam Electrolysis and Steam Methane Reforming of Natural Gas >$10 per MMBtu in China ~$6.0 per MMBtu projected for U.S. In many situations, HTSE out-competes conventional steam methane reforming hydrogen production Operating costs depend on price of electricity and natural gas Capital cost of HTSE capital is lower HSTE is more scalable, distributable with power plants, and can be dynamically modulated 7

9 electricity, heat CO 2 Utilization by (Co-)Electrolysis with Clean Energy Nuclear Hydrogen Initiative established in 2003 Diversify nuclear power end-use portfolio beyond conventional grid base load power Studied several high temperature (efficient) water splitting (sustainable) H 2 production technologies INL is the lead laboratory for High Temperature (Co-)Electrolysis H 2 O H 2 + O 2 (Electrolysis) H 2 O + CO 2 H 2 + CO + O 2 (Coelectrolysis) Syngas can be converted to fuels and chemicals

10 Summary Hybrid systems are tightly coupled systems that exploit complementary characteristics of various energy processes and inputs to produce multiple energy products Benefits include: Greenhouse gas and other air pollutant emissions reduction (e.g., particulate, NOx, SOx, Hg) Optimum use of carbon / non-carbon energy resources Energy production efficiency, adaptability and reliability Greater system stability while integrating intermittent sources Flexibility in accommodating technology change & product demand change Domestic resource & production based (Energy Resiliency)