Al Garcia. CIPCA October 12, 2018

Transcription

1 Al Garcia CIPCA October 12, 2018

2 CECs contaminants that present known or potentially unacceptable human health effects or environmental risks: Do not have regulatory standards or Regulatory standards are evolving due to new science, detection capabilities or pathways

3 OW Priorities and Pretreatment Program Overlay The Office of Water key priorities: Infrastructure The Lead and Copper Rule The Waters of the U.S. Rule Perfluorinated compounds Nutrients

4 Pretreatment Pollutants of Concern PFAS/PFOS Nutrients

5 PFC PFC = Perfluorinated compounds Does not include polyfluorinated substances PFAS per-and polyfluorinated alkyl substances Fluorinated aliphatic (carbon chain substances

6 Terminal

7 Hydrophobic tail Hydrophilic head Functional Group

8 PFAS Perfluorinated alkyl substances All carbon chains are fluorinated Polyfluorinated alkyl substances All carbon chains are not fully fluorinated At least one carbon is attached to hydrogen or oxygen

9 Perfluorinated Substances

10 Ionic Forms of PFAS Anionic vs Acidic Forms of PFAS Different physical/chemical properties and behavior in the environment

11 C-F Bond Chemical Properties

12 PFAS/PFOS PFOS - perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (SO3H) sulfonic acid PFOA - perfluorooctanoic acid (COOH) carboxylic acid 8 carbon chain, highly stable and resistant to heat and acidic compounds

13 PFAS/PFOS Sources Carpets Paper/packaging Apparel Fire Fighting foam Performance chemicals Adhesives Paints and stains Metal plating Cleaning agents Semi-conductors Aviation

14 2009 Short term health advisory 200 ng/l PFOS 400 ng/l -- PFOA May 2016 EPA established a lifetime health advisory for PFOA and PFOS in drinking water at 70 ng/l No MCLs established for drinking water

15 UCMR3 monitoring for large systems above 10,000 residents and a small percentage of smaller systems Approximately 6 million U.S. Residents had drinking water with PFOA or PFOS or both above the EPA LHA of 70 ng/l.

16 Highly effective foam used for fighting high hazard flammable liquid fires Hydrocarbon foaming agents combined with fluorinated surfactants When mixed with H2O achieves interfacial tension characteristics Forms an aqueous film that spreads across the surface of the hydrocarbon fuel to extinguish the flame Vapor barrier to prevent re-ignition

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24 Colorado Springs Fountain, Widefield, Security municipalities south of Peterson AFB. Developed site-specific groundwater quality standard of 70 ppt for combined PFOA/PFAS Drinking water wells above 70 ppt, max ppt

25 Stakeholder Recommendations Regulate PFAS as a class Stop producing all PFAS chemicals National MCL of 1 ppt Include wastewater for data analysis

26 EPA and PFAS National Leadership Summit and PFAS Management Plan National Leadership Summit (May 22-23, 2018) and 4 Community Engagements (June- August, 2018) Develop a PFAS Management Plan (Fall 2018)

27 EPA and PFAS Initiate steps to evaluate the need for a maximum contaminant level (MCL) Designate PFOA and PFAS as hazardous substances(cercla) Develop Groundwater Cleanup recommendations Develop toxicity values

28 EPA and PFAS PFAS Exposure and Occurrence Drinking Water Health Advisories for PFOS/PFOA Developed Drinking Water laboratory method for measuring PFOS, PFOA and 12 other PFAS in drinking water (EPA Method 537) Conducted monitoring for PFAS in drinking water under the third Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule Human Health Impacts of PFAS

29 PFAS/PFOS Sources Reducing PFAS Exposures PFOA Stewardship Program- phase out manufacturing of PFOA Outlined drinking water treatment processes for PFOA/PFOS identify and reduce PFAS exposures Updating EPA Drinking Water Treatability Database Develop groundwater cleanup recommendations for PFOA/PFOS (Sept 2018) Stakeholder Support

30 Nutrient Removal Strategies Treatment technology POTW optimization Source control Pretreatment as a tool for POTW permitting Nutrient Non-domestic sources

31 CO Nutrient Table Values for the State (Regulation 31.17) Control Reg 85 for TP (1.0 mg/l) and TIN (15 mg/l) MT Eco-Regional Nutrient Criteria for wade-able streams; variances UT TBEL for P ND, SD, WY criteria in progress

32 Oxygen Poor Habitat (Anoxic) Denitrification: Nitrates as N (NO 3 ) converts to Nitrogen (g) N 2 Phosphorus Bacteria break down BOD to create volatile fatty acids (VFAs) Phosphate Accumulating organisms (PAO) use VFAs as a fuel source, release soluble ortho-p

33 Oxygen Rich Habitat Nitrification: Ammonia-N (NH 4 ) converts to Nitrates-N (NO 3 ) Phosphorus PAOs assimilation of soluble P P Removal -convert soluble P to TSS: PAOs are wasted to digesters

34 De-Nitrification Nitrification

35 IFAS - Integrated Fixed Film Activated Sludge SBR - Sequential Batch Reactor Oxidation Ditch MBR Membrane Biological Reactor MBBR - Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor Step Feed Process

36 Creating optimal habitat for bacteria involved in N and P removal Denitrifying bacteria will outcompete PAOs for VFAs Dial in anaerobic, anoxic, and aerobic habitats Utilizing skills, expertise, and institutional knowledge of WWTP operators

37 Establishes Pollutants of Concern Develop local limits based on NPDES Standards, including variances maintain current conditions or loadings without quantifying baseline Determine loadings from IUs in service area and provide control

38 Fish hatcheries Oil and gas lagoons Metal Finishing phosphate coating Ortho-phosphate corrosion controldrinking water distribution lines Breweries/distilleries, car washes, industrial laundries - detergents Mining explosives Food Processing Facilities

39 Slaughterhouse Cheese Processing Bacon Processing Egg Processing Meat Packing Poultry Packing Food Products

40 Food Processing Facilities Ties to nutrients Pressures on smaller POTWs to address nutrient loadings when NPDES permit limits are established

41 Al Garcia EPA Region 8 Pretreatment Coordinator garcia.al@epa.gov