LNG as a marine bunker fuel

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "LNG as a marine bunker fuel"

Transcription

1 LNG as a marine bunker fuel Technical Committees September 2012 Tim Kent Technical Director, Marine

2 Agenda Drivers for the use of LNG as fuel Issues associated with the use of LNG as fuel Rules, Regulations and standards Risk assessment of new and alternative arrangements Marine projects using LNG as fuel

3 Agenda Drivers for the use of LNG as fuel Issues associated with the use of LNG as fuel Rules, Regulations and standards Risk assessment of new and alternative arrangements LNG task force Marine projects using LNG as fuel

4 Drivers for the use of LNG as fuel

5 Drivers for the use of LNG as fuel

6 Drivers for the use of LNG as fuel

7 Drivers for the use of LNG as fuel Fuel price?

8 Agenda Drivers for the use of LNG as fuel Issues associated with the use of LNG as fuel Rules, Regulations and standards Risk assessment of new and alternative arrangements LNG task force Marine projects using LNG as fuel

9 Issues associated with the use of LNG as fuel Technical issues include LNG related hazards Bunkering Fuel storage Vapour management Organisational issues include Operation Maintenance Training Qualifications

10 Issues associated with the use of LNG as fuel LNG related hazards LNG Fuel Oil Asphyxiation Displacement of air will reduce oxygen content and can cause asphyxiation Pool Fire Gas/vapour above a liquid pool can ignite resulting in a pool fire Cryogenic Burns Contact with liquid and breathing gas can cause burns with possible fatalities Low Temperature Embrittlement X Contact with liquid can cause failure of equipment and structures Rapid Phase Transition (RPT) X Released onto water creates an explosive transition with possibility of extensive damage Gas Expansion X Liquid boils rapidly expanding 600 times with the possibility of equipment damage Flash Fire X Gas/vapour can disperse away from a liquid pool and ignite resulting in a flash fire Explosion X Gas/vapour can disperse and collect in confined areas and ignite resulting in an explosion Roll-Over Stored liquid can stratify into layers with different densities and temperatures. Layers can roll-over resulting in significant gas/vapour generation that must be contained Boil-off Gas X Liquid continually boils and needs to be re-liquefied or burnt-off X X

11 Issues associated with the use of LNG as fuel Bunkering related issues include Ship-to-shore and ship-to-ship transfer Bunker station location Manifold size/compatibility Hose construction Hose support system Deck loads/ cryogenic protection Emergency release system (ERS) Emergency Shutdown (ESD)

12 Issues associated with the use of LNG as fuel Fuel storage issues include Fuel capacity Structural/cryogenic protection Tank relief, venting, drainage LNG piping path tank Tank location Proximity to safety critical areas Tank type/design loads/motions Supporting structure/steel grades Cold Box/gas valves location Safe/Dangerous zones

13 Issues associated with the use of LNG as fuel Vapour management - potential for release of large quantity of vapour due to: State of the tank (temperature, heat capacity) Method used to transfer (velocity of liquid) Mechanical energy input (pump, piping) For pressurised tanks operation: Pressure relief sizing/setting Vapour liquefaction in tank Re-condensing system For non-pressurised tank operation Vapour return can dramatically limit transfer rate

14 Agenda Drivers for the use of LNG as fuel Issues associated with the use of LNG as fuel Rules, Regulations and standards Risk assessment of new and alternative arrangements LNG task force Marine projects using LNG as fuel

15 Rules, Regulations and standards LNG Shore Facilities ISO EN1532 EN1473 NFPA59A ISGOTT guidelines Shore-to-Ship transfer ISO EN1532? Bunker Truck? LNG Tanker Construction: IMO IGC Code Class Rules Training: Dangerous Cargo Endorsement LNG Fuelled Ship Construction: IMO MSC 285(86) Class Rules (draft IGF Code) Training:? Ship-to-Ship transfer EN1474 SIGTTO guidelines? LNG Bunker Barge Construction:? Training:?

16 Rules, Regulations and standards LR is working with the international community in development of the Rules and Regulations necessary to ensure safe use of LNG as a fuel for ships LR is supporting the development of the IMO IGF Code LR is leading the IACS IGF working group MSC 86 BLG 14 BLG 15 BLG 16 DE 57 BLG 17 MSC 93 BLG 18 MSC 94 IMO IGF Code Timeline

17 Rules, Regulations and standards IGF Code development plan MSC 86 BLG 14 BLG 15 BLG 16 MSC.285(86) Adopted Working Group Correspondence Group Established Working Group Joint IGC/IGF Correspondence Group Established Working Group Established Draft for comment to be completed MSC MSC MSC BLG BLG BLG DE BLG BLG IMO IGF Code Timeline DE 57 BLG 17 BLG 18 MSC 93 MSC 94 Opportunity for DE Comments also same year FP comments Working Group to finalise code Drafting Group Presented for Approval IGF Code Adopted Entry into force July r Jan 2016? Not yet known!

18 Rules, Regulations and standards IGF Code Issues under discussion at BLG 16 Structure of the Code Cooperation with other Sub-Committees for review Portable fuel storage tanks Use of ESD protected machinery space concept MSC 86 BLG 14 BLG 15 BLG 16 DE 57 BLG 17 MSC 93 BLG 18 MSC 94 IMO IGF Code Timeline and LR has stated opinion on Relation with IGC Code Location of fuel tanks Emergency Shut Down (ESD) concept Fuel covered by this code

19 Rules, Regulations and standards LR is working with the international community in development of the Rules and Regulations necessary to ensure safe use of LNG as a fuel for ships LR is supporting the development of the IMO IGF Code LR is leading the IACS IGF working group MSC 86 BLG 14 BLG 15 BLG 16 DE 57 BLG 17 MSC 93 BLG 18 MSC 94 IMO IGF Code Timeline LR continues to improve its Rules and Regulations LR is engaging with stakeholders to understand concerns LR is supporting stakeholders in decision making

20 Rules, Regulations and standards LR s Rules and Regulations for the Classification of Natural Gas Fuelled Ships are consistent with IMO IGC Code IMO Interim Guidelines on Safety for Natural Gas-Fuelled Engine Installations in Ships MSC 285(86) The Rules and Regulations include Detailed design requirements Risk assessment requirements

21 Rules, Regulations and standards LR s detailed design requirements, example - Location of fuel storage tank Tanks should be located on open deck where ever possible. Where impractical and tanks are located in enclosed space, then risk of leakage from tank location to be analysed. Residual risks to be equivalent or less than those associated with open deck location maximum 10 bar pressure separation from spaces of high fire risk by cofferdam distance from bottom plating of B/15 and 2 m, minimum 760 mm for passenger ships and ship with tanks located under accommodation, distance from side shell plating of B/5 and 11.5 m, minimum 760 mm for other ships, risk of leakage from tank associated with location closer than B/5 from side shell plating to be analysed. Residual risk to be equivalent or less than those associated with B/5 location

22 Rules, Regulations and standards LR s risk assessment requirements, example - Safety and reliability analysis Analysis to be carried out to demonstrate that the level of safety is equivalent to that associated with conventional oil fuelled propulsion and auxiliary machinery. Analysis to consider Leakage from joints and flanges etc. Corrosion in piping and components Failure of primary barrier Mechanical failure Automation failure Manufacturing defects Human error Fire in spaces containing gas fuelled machinery and components Fire in areas adjacent to spaces containing gas fuelled machinery and components

23 Agenda Drivers for the use of LNG as fuel Issues associated with the use of LNG as fuel Rules, Regulations and standards Risk assessment of new and alternative arrangements LNG task force Marine projects using LNG as fuel

24 Risk assessment of new and alternative arrangements Risk assessment requirements - LR has a single risk assessment process for marine risk assessments START Stage 1 - Scoping Stage 2 - Assessment Acceptance criteria satisfied? NO Stage 3 - Assessment Stage 4 - Assessment END YES Suitable for Rules and Regulations for Classification of Ships, Part 7 Chapter 15, 1.7 Risk Management MSC 285(86) Interim Guidelines on Safety For Natural Gas Fuelled Engine Installations in Ships, Risk analysis Rules and Regulations for Classification of Natural Gas Fuelled Ships, 3.2 Safety and reliability analysis MSC Circ.1002 Guidelines on Alternative Design and Arrangements for Fire Safety, 3. Engineering analysis MSC Circ.1212 Guidelines on Alternative Design and Arrangements for SOLAS Chapters II-1 and III, 3. Engineering analysis

25 Risk assessment of new and alternative arrangements Risk assessment requirements - LR has a single risk assessment process for marine risk assessments START Stage 1 - Scope Stage 2 - Assessment Acceptance criteria satisfied? NO Stage 3 - Assessment Stage 4 - Assessment END YES Typically Scoping Concept Design HAZID Qualitative/Quantitative studies as necessary Final Design HAZOP Stages 1, 2, 4 - assessment from simple designs or few/minor safety implications

26 Risk assessment of new and alternative arrangements Risk assessment requirements - LR has a single risk assessment process for marine risk assessments START Stage 1 - Scope Stage 2 - Assessment Acceptance criteria satisfied? NO Stage 3 - Assessment Stage 4 - Assessment END YES Typically Scoping Concept Design HAZID Qualitative/Quantitative studies as necessary Final Design HAZOP Stages 1, 2, 3, 4 - assessment for complex designs or significant safety implications

27 Risk assessment of new and alternative arrangements LR is developing risk assessment tools to support evaluation of new and alternative arrangements for LNG fuel systems e.g. Leak Frequency Analysis using International Association of Oil & Gas Producers (OGP) data primarily based on a review of UK HSE s HCRD ( ) HCRD selected in preference to other data sources following consideration of 48 studies/papers/articles on failure rate data [HCRD] has become the standard source of release frequencies for offshore QRA and provides a large, high-quality collection of release experience [HCRD] is considered to be high-quality. the equipment population is believed to be highly accurate data covers normal operations, start-up/shutdown, maintenance and inspection. HSE HCRD attributes 60% to normal ops, 25% to start-up/shutdown, and 15% to maintenance/inspection

28 Risk assessment of new and alternative arrangements Leak Frequency Analysis of LNG fuelled ROPAX ferry Gas Pipework LNG Tank Liquid Pipework Pressure Build-up Evaporator Gas Heater Engine Line Gas Evaporator

29 Risk assessment of new and alternative arrangements Leak Frequency Analysis of LNG fuelled ROPAX ferry Location Events /Year 1 Event in N Years % approx Open Deck 7.2 E-5 13,897 <0.5 Tank Rooms 2.2 E Dry Tank Spaces 2.1 E-4 4,794 <1 Engine Rooms 6.1 E TOTAL 2.9 E

30 Risk assessment of new and alternative designs Leak Frequency Analysis of LNG fuelled ROPAX ferry Simplify the design to minimise the number of leak sources the potential for LNG releases associated with both mechanical and operational errors Consider Tank Room Can the number of valves be reduced? Can the number of instruments be reduced? Can flange connections be reduced/removed e.g. welded? Can leaks be contained and vented to a safe location?

31 Agenda Drivers for the use of LNG as fuel Issues associated with the use of LNG as fuel Rules, Regulations and standards Risk assessment of new and alternative arrangements LNG task force Projects using LNG as fuel

32 Economic studies e.g. LNG Bunkering

33 Conceptual technical studies e.g. LNG fuelled tanker (retrofit)

34 Risk assessment projects Lloyd s Register is the leading Classification Society for LNG carriers First ever ship for transportation of liquefied gas (Megara, 1928 bulk tanker converted for LPG) classed by LR The world s first ever LNG ship to bear the notation Liquefied Gas Tanker in 1958 (Methane Pioneer, converted dry cargo ship) classed by LR First LNG ships built in Finland, at Kvaerner Masa shipyard classed by LR First LNG ships built in Korea, at Hyundai Heavy industries classed by LR First membrane LNG ships built in Spain, at IZAR shipyard classed by LR First membrane LNG ship built in Japan (at Mitsubishi Heavy Industries) using the GTT No 96 containment system classed by LR First Moss ship to use stretched tank technology, built at Hyundai Heavy Industries classed by LR First ever Q-flex (> 160,000 m3 capacity) ship, built at Daewoo Shipbuilding and Marine Engineering (DSME) classed by LR First ever Q-max (> 250,000 m3 capacity) ship to be ordered, being built at Samsung Heavy Industries classed by LR

35 New construction projects e.g. Leader in LNG fuelled (steam turbine) LNG carriers Leader in LNG fuelled (diesel electric) LNG carrier Worlds largest LNG fuelled ROPAX ferry MV Viking Grace Worlds first LNG fuelled IWW vessel MV Argonon Inshore passengers ferry (in negotiation) Cruise Ship (in negotiation)

36 Thankyou for your attention Questions? Services are provided by members of the Lloyd's Register Group. For further information see