EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON COMPRESSION STRENGTH VARIATION ON LOW GRADE AGGREGATES IN PERVIOUS CONCRETE

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1 International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET) Volume 9, Issue 10, October 2018, pp , Article ID: IJCIET_09_10_125 Available online at ISSN Print: and ISSN Online: IAEME Publication Scopus Indexed EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON COMPRESSION STRENGTH VARIATION ON LOW GRADE AGGREGATES IN PERVIOUS CONCRETE K. S. B. Prasad Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, GMR Institute of Technology, Rajam , Andhra Pradesh, India N.V.L.N. Pavan Kumar P.G Student, Department of Civil Engineering, GMR Institute of Technology, Rajam , Andhra Pradesh, India M.Pavan Kumar Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, SVP college of Engineering, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India ABSTRACT Pervious Concrete which is also known as No-fines Concrete is a mixture of cement, water and a particular sized coarse aggregate combined to form a porous structural material. Application of pervious concrete in pavements mainly focuses on storm water control mostly in urban areas where scarcity of land is high. Permeable Pavement allows water from precipitation and other sources to pass through it and therefore reduces the runoff from a site which results in the recharge of ground water and increase the level. This Pavement is made using coarse aggregates with no fine aggregates. The main objective is to study about the applications of pervious concrete and also develop a strong and durable Pervious cement concrete mix using additive high range water reducer (HRWR) as addition. The properties such as compressive strength are performed to determine the suitability. Key words: Pervious Concrete, Permeable, high range water reducer Cite this Article: K. S. B. Prasad, N.V.L.N. Pavan Kumar and M.Pavan Kumar, Experimaental Study on Compression Strength Variation on Low Grade Aggregates in Pervious Concrete. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 10(10), 2018, pp. (1265)-(1270) editor@iaeme.com

2 K. S. B. Prasad, N.V.L.N. Pavan Kumar and M.Pavan Kumar 1. INTRODUCTION As urbanization increases in India and also in many parts of the world there is a problem of water logging and there is a huge requirement of drainage facility. This is due to impervious nature of the bituminous and concrete pavements in minor aspect. Pervious concrete which has feasible open spaces helps significantly to provide high permeability due to its interconnected pores. Pervious concrete (also called porous concrete, permeable concrete and no fines concrete) is a special type of Concrete with a high porosity used for concrete flatwork applications that allows water from precipitation and other sources to pass directly through and therefore reduces the runoff from a site and allowing groundwater recharge. Pervious concrete is made by using large sized aggregates without aggregates. Pervious concrete has been used in the United State for over 30 years. Pervious concrete was first used in the 1800s in Europe as pavement surfacing and load bearing walls. Cost efficiency was the main motive due to omition of sand. It became popular again in the 1920s for two story homes in Scotland and England. It became more efficient in Europe after the Second World War due to the scarcity of cement. India is facing a typical problem of ground water table falling at a fast rate due to reduced recharge of rainwater into subsoil and unplanned water withdrawal for agriculture and industry by pumping. Pervious concrete if adopted for construction of pavements, platform/walkways, parking lots designed for lighter load Literature Survey Carmen T. Agouridis et.al., conducted study on pervious concrete and findings shows substantial long-term savings. The number of factors affects the cost of permeable pavement, such as the availability of materials, transport, site conditions, storm water management requirements and project size. Miklas Scholz et.al., Study evaluated that Permeable pavement system have many potential benefits such as reduction of runoff, recharging of groundwater, saving water by recycling and prevention of pollution. In comparison to traditional drainage systems, storm water retention and infiltration is a sustainable and cost effective process, which is suitable for urban areas. Govind Ravish et.al., They said that no fines concrete is a material which has the potential to replace the use of traditional concrete pavements in situations where heavy traffic is limited, such as car parking s, residential streets and drive ways. Shaik Niyazuddinm et.al., discussed about the various applications of pervious concrete. Akshay Tejankar et.al, mentioned that Permeable pavement is made using coarse aggregates with little to no fine aggregates. Keijin Wang et.al., A binder to aggregate ratio of 0.21 and a water to cement ratio of 0.27 was found to be optimum, considering strength, permeability, and void ratio. Darshan Shah et.al., mix proportion such as 1:6, 1:8 and 1:10 with mm and mm gravel size using OPC 53Grade is used. Pervious concrete made with smaller size of gravel (i.e mm) with 1:6 concrete mix proportion and with OPC 53 grade cement exhibited highest compressive strength (12.71 N/mm2) and highest flexural strength (1.91 N/mm2) compared to any other mix proportion. Sumanasooriya et.al, All the mixtures were made with a water-to-cement ratio by mass (w/c) of 0.33 and an aggregate-to-cement ratio by mass of editor@iaeme.com

3 Experimental Study on Compression Strength Variation on Low Grade Aggregates in Pervious Concrete 2. APPLICATIONS Porous Pavement is one of the techniques to improve storm water management, which can be used on parking lots, the surface courses of highways, and light-traffic roads or streets. Generally the surfaces of these facilities are built with impervious materials, which results in replacement of the original vegetation that efficiently reduces peak runoff volume and also even absorbs some pollutants. In an event of rainfall, the motor oil, grease, paints, and rubbers on the impervious pavement surface are quickly picked up by the runoff, flow through the drainage systems, and merges into water bodies. Porous pavement can facilitate infiltration of the runoff into the ground and reduces the peak volumes. This provides a way to reduce downstream flooding, limiting surface water pollution, recharging aquifers, and in certain urban areas reducing the frequency of combined sewage overflow problems. 3. MATERIALS AND MIX PROPORTION 3.1. Cement In this Deccan cement of 53 grade is used (OPC) is used. Appearance of cement is gray and free from lumps. As per IS: 12269:2013. Table 1 Properties of Cement Property Result Requirement Remarks Fineness sq m/kg minimum passed Soundness mm 7 10 maximum passed Setting time 30,480 30,600 maximum passed Compressive strength (mpa) 3 days 7 days 28 days passed 3.2. Mix Proportion Table 2 Mix Proportion for Pervious concrete Mix Cement (kg/cu.mt) Aggregate Water (kg/cu.mt) (lit/cu.mt) Ratio Quantity Additives Mix Table 3 Pervious concrete with additives percentage Cement (kg/m3) Coarse aggregate(kg/m3) Water (lit/m3) HRWR (ml) Ratio ml Quantity ml editor@iaeme.com

4 K. S. B. Prasad, N.V.L.N. Pavan Kumar and M.Pavan Kumar 3.4 High Range Water Reducer (HRWR) Description The basic components of CEMCRETE SP are synthetic polymers, which allow mixing water to be reduced considerably and concrete strength to be enhanced significantly, particularly at the early ages. CEMCRETE SP is chloride free product. Advantages CEMCRETE SP makes the concrete highly flowable, with low water/ cement ratio and improves strength of concrete when compared with normal concrete with same workability. The increase in strength especially evidently at early ages remains at later ages. Initial and final sets remain same when compared to normal concrete. Due to the reduction in water cement ratio, all other properties like permeability, shrinkage, creep, workability and modulus elasticity will be improved. Typical Properties CEMCRETE SP is a brown free flowing liquid. Specific gravity: Chloride content: Nil to BS 5075 to I.S: Nitrate content: Nil Freezing point: 0 C. Can be reconstituted if stirred after thawing. Air entrainment: Maximum 0.5% Dosage : 0.2 to 0.5% by weight of the cement depending upon the condition of the materials and conditions. Trail mixes are recommended prior to production of concrete. 4. PREPARATION OF SAMPLE AND TESTING: Mechanical properties on hardened concrete is found out along with compressive strength, flexural strength, tensile strength, porosity and elasticity. For the calculation of compressive strength cylinders of dimensions 100*200 mm are used. The sample is then mixed and poured in the cylinder in two layers by giving 25 blows with a modified proctor hammer for every layer and is then kept for curing for about 7,14,28,56,91 days. Now the compressive strength of the specimen is found out by placing it in the Compressive Testing Machine ACTM. 5. RESULTS 5.1 Plain pervious conventional mix Table 4 plain pervious concrete results Pervious convectional mix (Days) Size of aggregate Compressive strength (N/mm2) 28 10mm mm editor@iaeme.com

5 Experimental Study on Compression Strength Variation on Low Grade Aggregates in Pervious Concrete Table 5 Compressive strength in (N/mm2) of cylinders for mix (Pervious concrete+ admixture) Pervious Concrete (days) Size of aggregate Amount of admixture in ml CompressiveStrength (N/mm2) 28 10mm 3 ml mm 3 ml 12.8 Graph 1 Compression Strength comparison for 28 Days 6. CONCLUSIONS A cement aggregate ratio of 1:4 is found to be optimum. Compressive strength of modified pervious concrete for 28 days age is increased to 13.5 and 12.8 for 10mm and 11.2 mm size aggregates after addition of HRWR when compared to plain pervious concrete. However the Compressive strength values of modified Pervious Concrete are satisfying the standards and are applicable for constructions as. Usage of pervious concrete with addition of such admixtures can improve the strength and can be used for construction of low load bearing pavers editor@iaeme.com

6 K. S. B. Prasad, N.V.L.N. Pavan Kumar and M.Pavan Kumar REFERENCES [1] Akshay Tejankar, Mr. Aditya Lakhe, Mr. Manish Harwani and Prem Gupta(September 2016)- The Use of Permeable Concrete for Ground Water Recharge, International Journal of Engineering Research and Application, Vol 6, issue 9, pp [2] Ammar A.Muttar, Improving the Mechanical properties of Pervious concrete, Journal of Babylon University/ Engineering Sciences / No.(2)/ Vol.(21): 2013 [3] Carmen T.Agouridis, Mr. Jonathan A.Villines and Mr. Joe D.Luck(2011), Permeable Pavement for Storm water Management, University of Kentucky College of Agriculture, Lexington, Ky, [4] Darshan S.Shah and Jayeskumar pitroda, (2014) An experimental study on Hardened properties of Pervious concrete, Journal of International Academic Research for Multidisciplinary Volume 2. [5] George N.McCain and Mandar M.Dewoolkar, (2009), Strength and Permeability characteristics of Porous Concrete Pavements. [6] Govind Ravish and Mr. Er.V.K.Ahuja (2015) No fines concrete as a road pavement, International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology, Volume 24, pp [7] Schaefer, V. R., Wang, K., Suleiman, M. T., & Kevern, J.T. (2006). Mix design development for pervious concrete in cold weather climates (No. Report No ).0 [8] B. Balaji Naik and Dr. K. Chandrasekhar Reddy, Manufacturing of Self Compaction Concrete Application of Red Mud. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 8(4), 2017, pp [9] P. Syam Sai and Chandana Sukesh, Strength Properties of Concrete By Using Red Mud as a Replacement of Cement with Hydrated Lime. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 8(3), 2017, pp [10] Mr. A. Gowtham and Ms. V. Janani Study on The Effectiveness of Red Mud on The Expansive Soil. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 8(5), 2017, pp [11] Miklas Scholz and Mr. Piotr Grabowiecki ( 2007), Review of permeable pavement systems Building and Environment,42, editor@iaeme.com