UNEP Support to. Sustainable Coastal Management in West Asia

Transcription

1 UNEP Support to Sustainable Coastal Management in West Asia through Biodiversity Regional Mechanisms Diane Klaimi Regional Coordinator Ecosystem Management - Regional Office West Asia (ROWA) Manama, Bahrain diane.klaimi@unep.org

2 UNEP Authoritative advocate for the environment Maintain and strengthen political momentum Analysis of policy and legal frameworks for action Build on existing initiatives to strengthen collaboration for action Strengthen environmental rule of law Support governments in the development and implementation of legal measures Information exchange Awareness Raising and communication

3 UNEP IN THE REGIONS The Regional Office for West Asia (ROWA) ROWA promotes collaboration and partnerships with organizations to develop relevant programmes to respond to the needs of the region, and disseminates environmental knowledge at the national and regional levels. 7 Sub-Programmes: 1. Climate Change 2. Ecosystem management 3. Conflicts and Disasters 4. Environmental Governance 5. Harmful Substances 6. Resource Efficiency 7. Environment under review 12 member states: Bahrain Iraq Jordan Kuwait Lebanon Oman Palestine Qatar Saudi Arabia Syria U.A.E. Yemen

4 Thematic priorities to define ROWA s focus on environmental challenges of the 21 st century 1. Climate Change-SDS 2. Ecosystem management-biodiversity MEAs 3. Environmental Governance 4. Disasters and Conflicts 5. CAP and ODS 6. Resource Efficiency-SCP 7. DEWA Coordination 8. Regional Development Coordination 9. Communication and Outreach 10. SDGs

5 Beyond the Earth Limits SDGs and Regional Environmental Issues Water scarcity Sand and dust storms Desertification Extinction of species

6 biodiversity and ecosystem priority issues in West Asia Marine ecosystem degradation Why hasn t it been on the list??

7 DRIVING PROCESSES FOR UNEP S BIODIVERSITY AND ECOSYSTEMS PROGRAMME IN West Asia 1. Priorities of regional and sub-regional Ministerial Sessions (e.g. League of Arab States and Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC)-EG- EF 2. Decisions of UNEP s Governing Body: United Nations Environment Assembly (UNEA) 3. MEA COP decisions, CBD, CMS, Ramsar, CITES WHC, scientific and technical advisory bodies (SBSTTA, STRP, IPBES ) 4. Requests for technical support from Member States- (post conflict Disasters-2006 oil spill assessment Lebanon) 5. Transboundary emerging issues: Desertification, degraded river basins, illicit wildlife trade, Marine and Coastal degradation, Sand and Dust Storms

8 (a) Illegal trade in wildlife; (b) Science-policy interface; (c) Chemicals and waste; (d) Marine plastic debris and microplastics; (e) Air quality; (f) Ecosystem-based adaptation; (g) Global Environment Monitoring System/Water Programme; (h) Sustainable development and poverty eradication; (i) Emerging and other relevant issues; (i) Emerging and other relevant issues; (j) Coordination across the United Nations system on environmental issues; (k) Relationship between the and multilateral environmental agreements; (l) Synergies among the biodiversity-related multilateral environmental agreements; (m) Environmental law.

9 Regional Ministerial Fora Biodiversity and Ecosystems League of Arab States: Arab Working Group to review the implementation of MEAs related to Biodiversity and Combating desertification CAMRE (Council of Arab Ministers Responsible for the Environment) Arab Ministerial Water Council Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) Convention on Wildlife (sub regional) Green Customs initiative Regional Network to combat wildlife crime (under construction)

10 Environment Outlook for the Arab Region A regional integrated and coordinated ecosystem approach is needed to manage land, water and biodiversity

11 THE AICHI BIODIVERSITY TARGETS Mainstreaming: Conservation and Development Awareness increased Sustainable management of marine living resources Protected areas increased and improved Biodiversity values integrated Sustainable agriculture, aquaculture and forestry Extinction prevented Incentives reformed Pollution reduced Genetic diversity maintained Sustainable consumption and production Invasive alien species prevented and controlled Ecosystems and essential services safeguarded Habitat loss halved o reduced Pressures on vulnerab ecosystems reduced Ecosystems restored a resilience enhanced Nagoya Protocol in force and operational NBSAPs adopted as policy instrument Traditional knowledge respected Knowledge improved, shared and applied Financial resources fro all sources increased

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14 Sustainable management of marine living resources Target 6 Relevant to decisions on sustainable use of biodiversity marine and inland water the management of fishing capacity eliminate destructive fishing practices Reduce ½ pressure on marine ecosystems from fishing, regionally.

15 Pressures on vulnerable ecosystems reduced relevant decisions on climate change and biodiversity, marine and coastal biodiversity, International Initiative on Food and Nutrition. reduce CO2 assess the integrity of coral reefs develop a strategy to minimize these.

16 Specific concern for targets, 8 (pollution), 10 (corals), 12 (preventing extinctions), 5 (habitat degradation) Target 10: Vulnerable ecosystems (coral reefs)

17 GBO-4 Dashboard: Progress towards the Aichi Biodiversity Targets Target 6: Sustainable Fisheries

18 GBO-4 Dashboard: Progress towards the Aichi Biodiversity Targets Target 7: Agriculture, aquaculture and forestry

19 GBO-4 Dashboard: Progress towards the Aichi Biodiversity Targets Target 8: Pollution

20 GBO-4 Dashboard: Progress towards the Aichi Biodiversity Targets Target 9: Invasive alien species

21 GBO-4 Dashboard: Progress towards the Aichi Biodiversity Targets Target 10: Vulnerable ecosystems (coral reefs)

22 State of Biodiversity in West Asia Insufficient data to assess progress on Aichi targets especially marine

23 UNEP support to biodiversity-meas Strategic Plan for Biodiversity and Aichi Targets MEA secretariats Stakeholders Sectors NGOs ILCs Private sector.. NBSAPs GCC Secretariat Parties GCC Wildlife Convention LAS Arab Working Group on biodiversity MEAs

24 Catalyzing Marine information through integrating biodiversity-related Conventions in NBSAPs Countries to set national targets, and translate into National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plans (NBSAPs) NBSAP Birders

25 NBSAPs: Inclusive process promoting coherence regional,int l organizations and mechanisms, LAS, FAO, ROPME, AOAD, ICARDA, PERSGA, ACSAD.. MEAs NBSAPs Agriculture, fisheries, PA, water, tourism, industry, finance, Academia, NGOs, private sector, subnational, ILCs..etc Development. Climate change, Poverty eradication, gender equality, SDGs, RIO+20

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27 UAE Biodiversity Targets Target 8 Target 14 Target 15 Target 16 Target 17 Target 18 By 2021, 12% of terrestrial and inland water, and 14% of coastal and marine areas, are conserved through effectively managed and ecologically representative protected area systems and, if necessary, areas important for biodiversity and ecosystems services are connected. By 2021, at least 70% of threatened important marine resources are sustainably managed. By 2021, 50% of public and private areas, under agriculture, aquaculture and forestry, are managed sustainably, ensuring biodiversity conservation By 2021, pollution has been brought to levels that are not detrimental to the function of vulnerable ecosystems and biodiversity. By 2021, invasive alien species and pathways are identified and measures planned and implemented to control priority species. By 2018, plans to reduce the anthropogenic pressures on vulnerable marine ecosystems impacted by climate change are developed and implemented

28 Oman Biodiversity Targets Target B.3 Target B.5 Target C.5 Target D.1 Target D.3 Target E.1 Target E.3 By 2020 an inventory of national marine genetic resources is developed, a program for preservation is established, including plans for the conservation and management of coral reefs. By 2018, legislation is enacted to manage pathways to prevent alien invasive species introduction and installation. By 2019, national red-lists of species are elaborated and action plans for most of the globally endangered species are developed and implementation is initiated. By 2020, watershed areas, forest lands, outstanding scenic terrestrial, coastal and marine views, oases, and Aflaj (traditional water channels) are restored and safeguarded By the end of 2017, a national strategy is established for the sustainable management of ecosystems supplying important ecosystem services. By 2018, the CHM is enriched with information and massively accessed by visitors on internet By 2020, knowledge about the resilience of ecosystems to climate change is improved and the indicators for its monitoring and evaluation are

29 IRAQ Biodiversity Targets Target 11 Target 12 Target 13 Target 14 Target 16 By the end of 2018, environmental standards are issued and enforced for prevention and control of priority pollutants in the natural ecosystems (not altered by human intervention). By the end of 2014, a decree is issued for the establishment of protected areas in Iraq. By the end of 2014, at least three training workshops on PA management have been conducted. By the end of 2015, a study and GIS maps of the most sensitive habitats (i.e. under high level of threats and containing high numbers of globally threatened species) have been developed. By the end of 2016, a national assessment is published of the state of provisioning, regulating and cultural services supplied by natural ecosystems and their importance for rural and urban people and on management options to be developed for the sustainable supply of ecosystem services.

30 Adopting the ecosystem approach to conserve the pearling sites Bahrain adopts the ecosystems approach Action Output Aichi Target met Incorporated into national planning Conserving the pearling sites Increase ecosystem resilience 15 Protecting the Pearling sites Degradation and rate of loss of 5 through sustainable use habitats reduced Sustainable use of Oysters Fisheries managed sustainably 6 ecosystems Effective management and Pollution reduced 8 legislations Conserving the pearling sites multiple anthropogenic pressures on coral reefs, and other vulnerable ecosystems impacted by climate change or ocean acidification are minimized, so as to maintain their integrity and functioning 10 Expand Protected areas Protected Areas expanded 11 Ecosystem restoration and Essential ecosystem services 14 functioning restored and produced Ecosystem assessemnt Knowledge sharing 19 2

31 United Nations Environment Assembly Ministerial Debate: Illegal trade in Wildlife Recognized as an emerging environmental and social issue species on land and from the sea; $7-23 billion / year to criminal networks UNEP, CITES and CMS coordination

32 CITES listing of shark species At the 16th meeting of the Conference of the Parties to CITES (CoP16) in March 2013, five shark species and all manta rays were included in CITES Appendix II. These listings set challenges and opportunities for Parties in implementing CITES regulations for highly-traded fishery commodities.

33 The problem UNEP tries to solve Biodiversity Non-renewables Energy Health Food Water

34 Thank You Diane Klaimi Regional Coordinator Ecosystem Management - Regional Office West Asia (ROWA) Manama, Bahrain diane.klaimi@unep.org

35 Lebanon Biodiversity Targets National Target 5 National Target 6 National Target 7 National Target 9 National Target 12 National Target 13 By 2030, the total area of nature reserves is increased to reach at least 5% of Lebanon s area. By 2030, 50% of all natural ecosystems are sustainably managed and properly considered in land-use planning implementation By 2030, the gap between Lebanon's ecological footprint and biocapacity is alleviated to reach an equal state. By 2030, rehabilitation plans are implemented in at least 20% of degraded sites that will safeguard the sustained delivery of ecosystem services. By 2030, 100% of school and university students and at least 60% of the public are aware of the importance of biodiversity, its values, and the need for its conservation and sustainable use. By 2030, relevant government entities consider the conservation of biodiversity, its benefits for people, the pressures that affect it, and the actions they can take for its conservation and sustainable use in their policy making processes and their implementation.

36 The problem UNEP tries to solve Biodiversity Non-renewables Energy Health Food Water

37 Multiple demands and performance measurement based on sectoral outputs. In addition sectors have negative and positive externalities on the ecosystem health and other sectors. Need to get to a situation where sectoral efforts are aligned with ecosystem health and macroeconomic benefits across sectors. Understandings of socioeconomic dependency on healthy ecosystems, maintaining of the backbone of ecosystem health and incorporation of ecosystem approach at sectoral and central government budgeting and planning level

38 Stakeholders: Who is involved? Governmental ministries Private sector Scientific community Non governmental organizations Indigenous and local communities Women

39 A framework for planning and implementing an integrated approach to managing ecosystems

40 UNIQUE? Adapted to extreme environmental conditions & surviving at temperatures higher than elsewhere in the world UNU study: A unique coastal environme Presenting opportunities for climate change adaptation

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42 The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development the agenda for the next 15 years has been agreed at the UN Summit on September 2015 With 17 Sustainable Development Goals and 169 targets, it focuses on people, planet, prosperity, peace and partnership Food and water security. UNEP supports countries in reporting and monitoring on indicator SDG 15 on sustainable use of oceans and marine resources for SD.