APEC and ASEAN Energy Efficiency Programs (Windows, Cool Roofs, etc)

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1 211/SCSC/WKSP2/1 Session 3 APEC and ASEAN Energy Efficiency Programs (Windows, Cool Roofs, etc) Submitted by: King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT) Green Buildings and Green Growth: Approaches to Encouraging a Positive Green Building Climate Singapore September 211

2 APEC and ASEAN Energy Efficiency Programs (windows, cool roofs, etc) Dr. Pattana RAKKWAMSUK Dean, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi,Thailand An APEC ASEAN Joint Workshop Green Buildings and Green Growth: Approaches to Encouraging a Positive Green Building Climate September 12-13, 211 Building and Construction Authority Academy of the Built Environment No. 2 Braddell Road Singapore It has become clear that green economy would simultaneously promote world s sustainability and economic growth. Building sector consumes nearly 3% of world s total energy consumption. Hence, a market transformation from conventional to green economy in the building sector would create a great positive impact on environment, economy and society. With a rapid economic growth in ASEAN region, the Energy Smart Communities (ESCI), which was jointly announced by Japan and the United States at the APEC Leaders meeting in November 21, has initiated a major activity of the Smart Buildings-Materials Testing and Rating Centres (SB-2) activity. The testing and rating centre would be a fundamental infrastructure, which is a prerequisite to effective voluntary and mandatory building policy adoption. 1

3 Accurate, and reliable performance data are essential to promoting trade in energy-efficient building materials such as insulation and energy-efficient roofs and windows. An accurate labeling program helps in implementing of codes and provides verifiable compliance. Hence there is a need for establishing an independent laboratory that is recognized (accredited) by a third party ratings organization to provide testing and simulation results. Establishment of Testing and Rating Center would directly supports the Energy Smart Communities (ESCI) which was jointly announced by Japan and the United States at the APEC Leaders meeting in November 21. First workshop was held in Thailand in June 3 5, 211. This is a major activity of the Smart Buildings-Materials Testing and Rating Centers (SB-2) activity. The workshop also builds upon the recently completed APEC Cooperative Energy Efficiency Design for Sustainability (CEEDS) Phase 2 Building Energy Codes and Labeling project. Successful establishment of one regional BM-TRC will serve as a template to be replicate in other APEC economies. APEC Building Materials and Component Testing and Rating Centre Workshop was held in Bangkok between June 3 4, 211. Workshop objectives Initiate plans for the successful establishment of a APEC Building Materials and Component Testing and Rating Centre which will serve as a replicable template that in other APEC economies Demonstrate the practicality of energy-efficient building envelope components available now and discuss Centre s role in driving credible entry for newer materials that go through the certification process Provide guidance on the fundamental infrastructure and related capacity building activities necessary for effective voluntary and mandatory energy-efficient building envelope adoption Basic Training - Using Simulation Tools -- THERM, WINDOWS and OPTICS 2

4 The Testing and Rating Center for Building Envelope Materials will operate independently under King Mongkut s University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT). The center will be recognized by an independent rating and certification entity which will be set up as a not for profit organization independent and operated by Executive committee members. This organization will not have any vested interest in the University, and will provide rating and certification services based on testing results provided by the laboratory. Laboratory shall have to maintain accreditation from required national bodies and high level of integrity. The Rating and Labeling organization will then be responsible for providing labeling and/or certification to manufacturers in accordance with the established procedures. Industry Professional bodies Governmental agencies 3

5 Phase 1 [212] Phase 2 [213] Critical equipment required for the glazing system Necessary infrastructure Material database system Development of rating and labeling processes More equipment to serve other material/construction properties Start operating the center Evaluation of glass glazing system and its components: and other building Evaluation of glass, glazing system and its components: and other building material: Glass performance (Solar optical properties), Glazing system U- factor, SHGC, VT and Air Leakage. Evaluation & testing of double glazing unit for its durability. Characterization of building envelop components, such as wall insulation: Evaluation of building component product performance (Thermal & Solar optical properties) Maintenance of database for building components: Approved Glass database, Building material thermal characteristic database Certified glazing system database and it characteristic values (U-factor, SHGC, VLT and Air leakage) 4

6 Spectrophotometer with Integrating Sphere: These Instruments are used for determining the solar optical properties of glazing materials relevant to energy transfer in flat specular glazing materials. The solar absorbance, reflectance, and transmittance of materials are determined using a spectrophotometer and integrating spheres. This data is fundamental for simulation programs WINDOW, THERM, and OPTICS to analyze the glazing and fenestration energy and spectral optical performance. Emissometer: The portable differential thermopile emissometer covers a technique for determining the emittance of typical materials. The purpose of the test method is to provide a comparative means of quantifying the emittance of opaque or highly thermally conductive materials near room temperature as a parameter in evaluating temperatures, heat flows, and derived thermal resistances of materials Thermal Transmittance testing Chamber (Guarded Hot Box): This is used for the Measurement of the thermal transmittance, (U-factor) and thermal resistance, (R Value) of fenestration and building walls assembly/ components. Heat Flow Meter: The heat flow meter apparatus establishes steady state one-dimensional heat flux through a test specimen between two parallel plates at constant but different temperatures. By appropriate calibration of the heat flux transducer(s) with calibration standards and by measurement of the plate temperatures and plate separation. Fourier s law of heat conduction is used to calculate thermal conductivity, and thermal ressistivity or thermal resistance and thermal conductance. Two instruments are typically used for measuring low and high conductive materials. 5

7 Solar Calorimeter This equipment is to be built to specifications and will not be available in the market place. Solar heat gain property measurements are made using solar calorimeters exposed to solar radiation under clear sky conditions, (outdoors) or using artificial solar radiation, (indoors). The test sample is illuminated with either direct beam radiation only, or with direct beam plus diffuse sky and ground reflected radiation. This test method applies to all fenestration systems, glazed apertures and building envelope components in buildings, intended for the controlled admission of solar radiation. This includes windows, glazed doors, translucent panels, skylights, and glazing systems. Air Infiltration Water and Structural Testing Chamber: This equipment is to be built to specifications and will not be available in the market place. The equipment is used to determine the air-leakage rates, water leakage and structural test of windows, doors and curtain wall. Reflectometer: solar reflectometer helps determining the solar reflectance of flat opaque materials in a laboratory or in the field. The purpose of the test is to provide solar reflectance data required to evaluate temperatures and heat flows across surfaces exposed to solar radiation. Pyranometer: The pyranometer measures the solar reflectance of various horizontal and low-sloped surfaces and materials in the field. The test method is intended for use when the sun angle to the normal from a surface is less than 45. Sealed Insulating Glazing Units Testing: Structural testing Chamber: This last referenced standard provides the testing protocol for insulating glass units. There are some minor differences in some of the temperatures used and sample sizes required in the ASTM E 219 Standard. These differences are mostly attributed to conversions from English to metric units. The main differences can best be described by separating the standard into three parts: the high humidity test, the accelerated weathering test and the volatile fog test. 6

8 WINDOW 6: WINDOW 6 is a publicly available computer program for calculating total window thermal performance indices (i.e. U-values, solar heat gain coefficients, shading coefficients, and visible transmittances). WINDOW 6 provides a versatile heat transfer analysis method consistent with the updated rating procedure developed by the National Fenestration Rating Council (NFRC) that is consistent with the ISO 1599 standard. The program can be used to design and develop new products, to assist educators in teaching heat transfer through windows, and to help public officials in developing building energy codes. Glass Library to calculate the IGU (Insulated Glass Unit) results in the WINDOW Glazing System Library for a specific product) THERM 5: THERM is a module of the WINDOW+5 program developed by LBNL. THERM's results can be used with WINDOW's center-of-glass optical and thermal models to determine total window product U-factors and Solar Heat Gain Coefficients. THERM is a state-of-the-art, Microsoft Windows -based computer program developed at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) for use by building component manufacturers, engineers, educators, students, architects, and others interested in heat transfer. Using THERM, you can model two-dimensional heattransfer effects in building components such as windows, walls, foundations, roofs, and doors; appliances; and other products where thermal bridges are of concern. THERM's heat-transfer analysis allows you to evaluate a product s energy efficiency and local temperature patterns, which may relate directly to problems with condensation, moisture damage, and structural integrity. THERM s two-dimensional conduction heat-transfer analysis is based on the finite-element method, which can model the complicated geometries of building products. For more information visit Total Yr 1 US$ 85, Grand total US$ 1,41, Total Yr 1 US$ 65, 7

9 Graduate school 4 faculty members 28 staffs Approx. 4 students 8

10 Renewable / alternative energy technology PV and energy storage technology Energy efficiency and management Thermal technology Environment Energy Materials Polymer technology Coating technology Metallurgy Energy efficient building envelope materials LCA Climate change and GHG mitigation LCA Waste management Indoor air quality cylindrical stainless steel Chamber:18 - High vacuum: a rotary and 15 -high pump (Edwards, model RV12) and a turbo molecular pump (Edwards, model TMP 51) Spectral Response, (%) The system is fully equipped with 2 necessary auxiliary equipment such as temperature, pressure gauges and mass flow transducer to control and monitor the system conditions. Solar irradiance (AM 1.5) Transmittance Reflectance:Back Wavelength, Micron Solar Irradiance, Watt/Sq.m/Micron 1 9 Clear glass Commercial film KMUTT film on glass 1 9 Clear glass Commercial film KMUTT film on glass Transmaittance (%) Reflectance (%) Wavelength, Micron Wavelength, Micron 9

11 Self cleaning UV lamp Sample Samples were irradiated by UV light. Samples were taken for contact angle measurements every 5 minutes. Evolution of surface wetting ability 1

12 Testing Facility k-value tester [ISO 831] Spectrophotometer Emissometer [ASTM C1371] Software tools 11

13 Low heat transmission Possible use of natural daylight Provision of thermal comfort Spectral characteristics of various types of glazing 1 9 Transmittance Reflectance:Front Reflectance:Back 1 9 Transmittance Reflectance:Front Reflectance:Back 1 9 Transmittance Reflectance:Front Reflectance:Back Spectral Response (%) Spectral Response (%) Spectral Response (%) Wavelength, Micron Clear float glass Wavelength, Micron Green float glass Wavelength, Micron Tinted float glass 1 9 Transmittance Reflectance:Front Reflectance:Back 1 9 Transmittance Reflectance:Front Reflectance:Back 8 8 Spectral Response (%) Spectral Response (%) Wavelength, Micron Reflective glass Wavelength, Micron Spectrally Selective glass 12

14 Proposed criteria forhigh Performance Energy Efficient Glazing SHGC.55 LSG

15 Desirable Energy Efficient Characteristics of High Solar Reflective Coating High solar reflectance High infrared emissivity Bldg #1 Bldg #2 16.4% Reduction of Energy Consumption in the A/C System. Thermal images of coated and non-coated surfaces 14

16 NIR reflective pigment Pigment Ceramic tile Daylight illumination on a work plane Work plane H = {1.,1.7} m 2.7 m 1. m.75 m L 15

17 Percentage for which a given illuminance is exceeded. Fd (%) Probability distribution of global illuminance 1 Jan Feb Mar 9 Apr May Jun 8 Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 7 Year Global Illuminance (klux) Dedicated lighting control switches for luminaries covering area within 1.5 times height of window. Effective Visible Light Transmittance (EVLT).3. Light to Solar Gain 1.. Features of the New Building Energy Code New and System Retrofitting Performance Buildings only Requirements Differentiation Promote the Whole of Building use of Building Types based on Renewable Energy time of use Energy Compliance Envelope Lighting Air conditioning New set of Min Requirements New OTTV formula and calculation procedure Office & Academic Institution Super store Hotel & Hospital Daylighting Photovoltaic 16

18 MEPS and HEPS For Roof Tiles and Gypsum Boards New Tech or NZE Buildings 1 Energy efficient building envelope is a target of NZE building. High reflective coating on surfaces Spectral selective glazing Spectral Res sponse (%) Transmittance Reflectance:Front Reflectance:Back Wavelength, Micron Insulation Shading Application of Solar Energy in Buildings 34 17

19 Various Labeling Programs in Thailand Building Labeling TGBI Energy Labeling End of presentation Thank you for your attention Questions and Answers 18