Bruce Lesikar, PhD Texas A & M University University Curriculum Development for Decentralized Wastewater Management

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1 Chapter 2 Components and Layout Bruce Lesikar, PhD Texas A & M University University Curriculum Development for Decentralized Wastewater Management

2 NDWRCDP Disclaimer This work was supported by the National Decentralized Water Resources Capacity Development Project (NDWRCDP) with funding provided by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through a Cooperative Agreement (EPA No. CR ) 0) with Washington University in St. Louis. These materials have not been reviewed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. These materials have been reviewed by representatives of the NDWRCDP. The contents of these materials do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of the NDWRCDP, Washington University, or the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, nor does the mention of trade names or commercial products constitute their endorsement or recommendation for use.

3 CIDWT/University Disclaimer These materials are the collective effort of individuals from academic, regulatory, and private sectors of the onsite/decentralized wastewater industry. These materials have been peer-reviewed reviewed and represent the current state of knowledge/science in this field. They were developed through a series of writing and review meetings with the goal of formulating a consensus on the materials presented. These materials do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of University of Arkansas, and/or the Consortium of Institutes for Decentralized Wastewater Treatment (CIDWT). The mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute an endorsement or recommendation for use from these individuals or entities, nor does it constitute criticism for similar ones not mentioned.

4 Citation Lesikar, B.J. and J.C. Converse Subsurface Drip Dispersal: Components and Layout - PowerPoint Presentation. in (M.A. Gross and N.E. Deal, eds.) University Curriculum Development for Decentralized Wastewater Management. National Decentralized Water Resources Capacity Development Project. University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR.

5 Subsurface Drip Dispersal The system distributes wastewater to the soil, through a network of drip tubing installed below the ground surface. The system is composed of: Wastewater source Pretreatment device(s) Pump tank Controller Filtering device Drip dispersal field(s)

6 Subsurface Drip Dispersal System

7 Wastewater Sources Residences Convenience stores Restaurants Businesses Industry Clustered facilities Centralized sewers

8 Pretreatment Device Selection Process Sites capability to accept and treat wastewater Type of drip tubing being used and manufacturers recommendations. Available treatment devices: Anaerobic Treatment Aerobic Treatment Aerobic Treatment Unit Sand Filter Media Filter Constructed Wetland Others?

9 Constructed Wetland Aerobic Treatment Unit Media Filter Septic Tank/Pump Tank

10 Drip Field Layout

11 Drip Field Layout

12 Pump Tank/Pump The pump tank stores treated effluent until the drip field is ready to be dosed. A high head pump delivers water from the pump tank through the filtering device to the drip dispersal system. Pump is sized to supply required water volume at the needed pressure.

13 Pump Tank / Subsurface Drip System ¾ ¾ High head pump Water level sensors

14 Self Priming Pumps

15 Operational Control System On-demand system Timer controller PLC SCADA

16 Management Control System Manual Timer controller PLC SCADA

17 Filtering Device The filtering device can be media (including sand), disk or screen. Its main purpose is to remove larger particles from the wastewater so they do not cause problems with the drip emitters. Generally remove particles greater than 100 microns. Depending upon wastewater quality, the filter may need to be an automatic cleaning system.

18 Automatic Back Flushing Disk Filters

19 Media Filter System

20 Screen

21 Drip Field Components Supply line Water distribution devices (flow splitting) Zones Supply manifold Drip laterals Return manifold Air relief/vacuum breaker

22 Drip Dispersal Drain Field

23 Drip Field Components

24 Drip Fields with Single Runs

25 Drip Field with Looped Runs

26 Drip Field with Looped Runs

27 Manifold Configurations

28 Manifolds Distributed Manifold Suited for Flat Sites Small Manifold Suitable for Sloping Sites, where internal drainage of the piping takes place

29 Drip Line Drip line approved by the manufacturer for use with wastewater. Pressure Compensating or Non-Pressure Compensating emitters. The tubing is generally ½ inch diameter with an emitter in the tubing. The operating pressure is typically psi for non-pressure compensating and psi for pressure compensating emitter systems, with water exiting the pressure compensating emitter under pressure. Bioslime and root intrusion control is achieved by bactericides, herbicides and flushing.

30 Drip Line

31 Drip Emitters

32 Elevated Demonstration Drip Field

33 Supply Manifold, Return Manifold, and Return Line

34 Looped End

35 Flexible PVC Pipe Used as connector for looping laterals Reduces risk of line kinks Allows shrinking and swelling of laterals Glue with Weldon Formula 795 Requires method to control bioslime growth

36 Connectors Threaded Spin-lock Threaded Barb Slip-in Glue Type Spin-lock

37 Air Relief / Vacuum Breaker

38 Return Manifold

39 Summary Important drip dispersal field components Pump Controller Filters Supply/Return Lines Drip Line Air relief/vacuum breaker Matching the components together