ROAD WATER MANAGEMENT FOR RESILIENCE NEPAL ASSESSMENT AND SCOPE OF OPPORTUNITIES

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1 ROAD WATER MANAGEMENT FOR RESILIENCE NEPAL ASSESSMENT AND SCOPE OF OPPORTUNITIES BY SAROJ YAKAMI & LUWIEKE BOSMA

2 The Roads for Water Initiative Vision: To have roads systematically used for water management in 25% of countries in ASIA and 50% on Africa by 2025 and create win-wins between road and water practices Working with partners o Global Resilience Partnership o World Bank o International Roads Federation Global Road Achievement Award Big impact roads are major investment globally 1-2Tr USD/year + Measures at relative low-cost & life-cycle savings

3 Urgent need to turn things around Floods Esp feeder roads damaged Sedimentation Erosion

4 Triple Win REDUCED WATER DAMAGE TO ROADS (-35%, -80%) And more reliable Roads REDUCED DAMAGE FROM ROADS Through Flooding, Erosion and Sediment Deposition WATER MANAGED FOR PRODUCTIVE USE Rising groundwater levels and better soil moisture Water retention Erosion control Flood management

5 Turning things around: Harvesting water from roads in Ethiopia Capturing rainfall for dry period as groundwater, soil moisture or surface water Implemented since 2014 Withstanding 2015 El Nino Engaged> 2.75 M people in 2015/7 campaigns Benefitted 2.4 M people Guidelines being prepared Outscaling now to Bangladesh, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Tajikistan, Uganda, Zambia, Nepal, Bolivia

6 Techniques - Three Approaches 1. Making use of the road as it is for water management 2. Modifying design of the road 3. Additional measures & opportunities

7 Different techniques 7 Adapting to changed road run-off 1. Spreading water from road surface 2. Harvesting water from culverts, side drains and depressions Converted borrow pits Infiltration ponds Infiltration trenches/ pits Swallows Diversions/cutoffs/trenches to farm 3. Gully plugging for recharge 4. Spring capture

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9 Scour checks and mitre drains

10 Collecting water from a culvert

11 Bio-engineering

12 Gully plugging for recharge

13 Different techniques 13 Optimizing road design for multiple functions 1. Irish bridges/drifts/low causeways Flood water spreading River bed stabilization Acting as sand dams 2. Changing road alignment to recharge areas 3. Optimize culvert location

14 Road Alignment mountainous terrain

15 Slopes and ditches in hilly terrain

16 Water bars/rolling dips

17 Non-vented drift/low causeway

18 Many additional opportunities to better use roads for water Controlled sand mining along roads 2. Evacuation in times of floods 3. Road side tree planting 4. Brick making 5. Biological rodent control 6. Intermediate means of transport >> We can turn roads into development reservoirs

19 Road side tree planting

20 Brick making using runoff sediments

21 Examples from different countries

22 ETHIOPIA: ROAD WATER HARVESTING CAMPAIGN

23 ETHIOPIA: CATCHMENT APPROACH Borrow pit Culverts Deep trenches Communities which used to have been affected by flooding are saved from flooding.

24 MANY COUNTRIES, CONTEXTS AND SOLUTIONS Uganda: managing rice field with roads Mozambique: low embankment roads to manage wetlands Uganda: managing rice cultivation with roads embankments and culvert Zambia: Converting borrow pits Kenya: Road drifts as sand dams

25 BANGLADESH: USING ROADS AS EFFECTIVE EMBANKMENTS Synchronized levels Flood shelters Better protection Roads as embankments

26 BANGLADESH: COASTAL AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT WITH ROADS

27 KENYA: ROAD RUNOFF COLLECTED IN STORAGE PONDS AND TRENCHES On farm pond collecting road runoff Stored in a trench to increase soil moisture for agricultural production Excess water redirected

28 KENYA: USING CULVERTS & DRIFTS Cross-culvert used to harvest water in a trench

29 Beyond techniques, it s about Governance Integrate in County Programs on Roads and Water 2. Community engagement 3. Change procedures in roads development Manuals Investment budgets Maintenance budgets Cooperation 4. Capacity building Short courses Tools (run-off models) Guided learning Research

30 Designs Participation Designs Participation No consideration in design for water harvesting from roads or controlling erosion and other damage No culture of engagement with roadside population litigation and compounds Innovative designs and guidelines: Road water harvesting Sand mining Tree planting Strengthen process of engagement with roadside communities Current Road Practice Erosion, o flodi ng, water logging Dust impact on health 35% of road damage by water Insecurity and reduced resilience towards Roads for Water Harvest water for productive and social use Agriculture, rangeland h, fiseries Other livelihood opportunities Reduce erosion and land loss Lower road damage Higher ability of people, households, communities to deal and thrive in the face of shocks and stresses Uniform guidelines irrespective of different socio-economic systems (agriculture, pastoralist, h fiseries) No coordination with other stakeholders (agriculture, water) Accommodating diverse socio-economic and natural contexts for roads for resilience. Develop systems i of definng access to new benefit streams Multi-sector, multi-actor coordination in development and maintenance Context Governance Context Governance 30

31 31 Now, let s go to Nepal

32 NEPAL: CHALLENGES IN ROAD CONSTRUCTION - TERAI River embankment and sedimentation leaving little space for water to flow. Problems of flooding, washed away bridge apron and blocked culverts.

33 NEPAL: OPPORTUNITIES IN ROAD CONSTRUCTION - TERAI Cross-culvert and side drains used to harvest water for farming Water stored in succeeding ponds

34 NEPAL: OPPORTUNITIES IN ROAD CONSTRUCTION - TERAI Farmers have tapped into increased water flow due to road construction. Making use of road infrastructure.

35 Summary opportunities Terai Compartmentalization Gated culverts 2. Road embankments for flood protection 3. Road side ponds and trenches for water collection Irrigation Groundwater recharge

36 NEPAL: CHALLENGES IN ROAD CONSTRUCTION - HILLS Issues: Landslides, destabilized slopes, sedimentation of rivers (also opportunity), debris blocking irrigation systems.

37 NEPAL: OPPORTUNITIES IN ROAD CONSTRUCTION - HILLS Connecting road drainage to irrigation systems. Also in urban areas

38 NEPAL: OPPORTUNITIES IN ROAD CONSTRUCTION - HILLS Using side drains to harvest water from the road. Good example of storage pond. Erosion of the road while agricultural land is adjacent. Opportunity to direct water to farmland

39 Summary opportunities Hills/Mountains Link road drainage to irrigation systems 2. Stabilize hill sides with water retention systems combined with bio-engineering 3. Improved siting/locating of road + water structures 4. Controlled sand mining of sedimented rivers

40 Discussion 1. Challenges, good practices, opportunities Drought - Flood 2. Role of governance coordination Public participation Experiences? 3. Opportunities for linkages partnerships Climate change resilience

41 Road for water alliance Work with water-roadurban-agriculture programs 2. Work on optimized practices Pilot projects Upscaling programs Guidelines and designs 3. Capacity building Short courses Guided learning Tools and research 4. Join us!

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