Inventory of African transboundary aquifer systems

Transcription

1 Inventory of African transboundary aquifer systems B. Appelgren UNESCO/ISARM 1

2 Outline Part I. African TBA Inventory: aspirations and objectives Part II. ISARM 2002/2004 Inventory Part III. Conclude 2

3 Part I. African TBA Inventory: aspirations, objectives Create an inventory of regional TA systems to: Identify priorities, approaches for action and capacity building on TBA management: e.g. Pilot and full size aquifer projects: NWSASS, NSAS, Iullemeden, Gulf of Guinea and Mediterranean coastal aquifers A base for development and dialogue on: Sub-regional strategies on TBA management Conjunctive (e.g. Lake Chad Basin) and Integrated (e.g. sustainable land development) management Development of Regional/Sub-regional/aquifer consultation mechanisms and cooperative frameworks at aquifer, subregional WWW and 20 regional August 06 3 level

4 Part II. ISARM 2002/2004 Inventory International Conference, 1999; International Workshop, UNESCO/IHP, Tripoli 2002; Managing shared aquifer resources in Africa proposed 6 Key notes, 4 contributions from RBO (LBC, NBA)/regional institutions, 20 scientific country papers and workshop with outcome of common definition and recognition in 36 African countries of 38 African TBA s OBJECTIVES of INVENTORY Develop case studies on African Regional Aquifer Systems Support to the African countries for improving cooperation to assess shared resources Prepare an inventory of known/recognized African TBA s Initiate a cooperative Transboundary process Aquifers -for Stockholm joint assessment of 4 Regional Aquifer systems WWW 20 August and 06 their management.

5 Groundwater Resources From: (WHYMAP, spec.edit.) 5

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7 EXCERPT TBA INVENTORY 7

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10 About 40% of the population in SADC are not supplied. GW key to improve water supply coverage 10

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13 SETTING PRIORITIES: COUNTRIES-AQUIFERS THE CONCERN AND MOTIVATION, FOR TBAM COOPERATION EXPECTED TO BE HIGH IN COUNTRIES SHARING SEVERAL TB AQUIFERS aquifers/country aquifers/country REGIONAL COOPERATION BENEFITS, AND THE COMPLEXITY OF TBAM, INCREASE WITH THE NUMBER OF SHARING COUNTRIES countries/aquifer countries/aquifer 13

14 Conjunctive management of the upper, quaternary Chad aquifer (storage 150 Mm 3 ) and the Lake Chad water body ( km 2 ) 14

15 LAKE CHAD BASIN: [CONJUNCTIVE] GW-SURFACE WATER [INTEGRATED] LAND MANAGEMENT AT A SUB-REGIONAL SCALE ENGINEERING & WR DEVELOPMENT R. Benue IBtransfer Irrigation development/use GROUNDWATER FLOW: N-NE R. Congo IB transfer SURFACE INFLOW Chari-Logrone River routing works 15

16 Part III. Conclusion: TBA Cooperation and Regional Development Regional, Sub-regional, Basin and Country level 16

17 Growing risk-awareness Towards changing paradigms in transboundary WR management Risk: Rapid demand growth. CC, drought and Uncertain/irregular supplies Urban population concentrations, small-scale groundwater irrigation Moving from (1960 s) shared costs, to (1990 s) shared benefits towards sharing responsibilility for common risk and uncertainty 17

18 Priority issues: Over-exploitation of TBA use (depletion, salinization, pollution): A. Pressure on renewable TBA resources GW urban/rural drinking water supplies; population growth, overexploitation, climatic change in rapidly growing urban-semiurban Gulf of Guinea from Lagos to Abidjan, and in other African TBA coastal aquifers. Ibadan Accra: 400 km urban zone: population > 2025: 20 million - > 100 million, 2025: 1700 m 3 /capita 2050: 750 m 3 /capita 18

19 B. Non-renewable, decoupled TBA s in arid, semiarid subregions, in Northern and Southern Africa 19

20 COUNTRY AQUIFER SYSTEM EXTENSIO N (km 2) EXPLOITABL ERESERVES (Mm 3 ) CURRENT EXTRACTIO N(Mm 3 /a) Egypt, Libya, Sudan, Chad Algeria, Libya, Tunisia Algeria, Libya, Niger Nubian Sandstone North Western Sahara Murzuk Basin 2,200,000 6,500,000 1,600 1,000,000 1,280,000 2, , ,000 1,750 Mauritania, Senegal Maastrichti an 200, ,000??? Mali, Niger, Nigeria Niger, Nigeria, Chad,Came roon, Libya, Sudan Botswana Iullemeden Multilayer Continenta l Chad Basin Central Kalahari Karroo Sandstone 500, ,000-2,000, , , ??? 80,000 86,000 2,890 Selection of major African non-renewable aquifer systems (guidebook, UNESCO/IHP) 20

21 Planned mining of nonrenewable gw; southern Kalahari, Botswana Loss of major springs, in the North Western Sahara Aquifer System 21

22 CONCLUDE INCLUSIVENESS 36 COUNTRIES INCLUDING A MAJORITY OF CONCERNED AFRICAN STATES ( SUPPLEMENT SUBREGIONAL EXCEPTIONS/GAPS); GLOBAL DATADISSEMINATION, ACCESSABILITY: IGRAC REGIONAL SHARED AQUIFER INVENTORY PROCESS FOR REGIONAL/SUBREGIONAL COOPERATION AND ACTION. 1. DOMESTIC/BI-LATERAL INITIATIVE AT AFRICAN COUNTRY- AQUIFER LEVEL: - NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT/WATER POLICY: - AQUIFER CONSULTATIVE MECHANISMS INCLUDING COMMON AQUIFER DATA BASES; - RECOGNITION/REVIEW OF NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT - WATER POLICY AND CAPACITY - SCOPE FOR REGIONAL INTEGRATION; CONJUNCTIVE (SURFACE-GROUNDWATER), INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT (LAND MANAGEMENT- DESERTIFICATION). 2. AFRICAN REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT LEVEL: REGIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: OAU, NEPAD, AMCOW, AND UN-ECA: RGIONAL POLICY/ACTION PROGRAMMES SUBREGIONAL COMMUNITIES AND CENTERS: COMESA, CEN-SAD, EAC, ECCAS, ECOWAS, IGAD, SADC, UMA; OSS, CEDARE.. REGIONAL RIVER BASIN ORGANIZATIONS: LCBA, NBA, LIMPOPO, VOLTA, ZAMBESI. 3. IDENTIFY/BUILD UPON REGIONAL PROGRAMME EXECUTING CAPACITY AND PARTNERSHIPS (E.G. OSS ) 22

23 REGIONAL SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN AFRICA COMMON DRIVERS/RISKS: 1. UNDER-DEVELOPMENT, LIMITED INTRA-REGIONAL FINANCIAL COOPERATION, TRADE 2. REGIONAL/SUB-REGIONAL WATER SHORTAGE - STRESSED SHARED AQUIFERS; STRUCTURAL CHANGE - ALTERNATIVE, LESS WATER DEMANDING DEVELOPMENT APPROCHES, WR ENHANCEMENT- NON- TRADITIONAL SUPPLIES 3. LAND DEGRADATION - DESERTIFICATION: LOSS OF PRODUCTIVE LAND ECOSYSTEMS 4. CLIMATIC CHANGE ADAPTATION: DROUGHT AND FLOODS 5. REGIONAL/DOMESTIC HUMAN AND INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY 6. INTER-REGIONAL PARTNERSHIPS; (E.G. ENP) 23

24 NO SINGLE, EASY WAY POLICY, GOVERNANCE, TECHNOLOGY, INVESTMENTS: Groundwater Resource enhancement: managed aquifer recharge (MAR), reuse. THANK YOU OMDEL storage dam, Namibia 24