California Clean Air Act Triennial Progress Report and Plan Revision

Transcription

1 San Joaquin Valley Air Pollution Control District California Clean Air Act Triennial Progress Report and Plan Revision March 15, 2001 San Joaquin Valley Air Pollution Control District 1990 East Gettysburg Avenue Fresno, California Phone (559) FAX (559)

2 SAN JOAQUIN VALLEY UNIFIED AIR POLLUTION CONTROL DISTRICT CALIFORNIA CLEAN AIR ACT TRIENNIAL PROGRESS REPORT AND PLAN REVISION Adopted March 15, 2001

3 TABLE OF CONTENTS Background...1 Attainment Designation...2 Air Basin Description...3 Air Quality Indicators...3 Transport Mitigation...11 Control Measure Implementation...13 Stationary Source Measures...13 Mobile Source Control Measures...16 Introduction...16 District Committed TCMs...16 Voluntary Mobile Source Programs...17 Indirect Source Programs...18 Plan Revision...18 Introduction...18 Control Strategy...19 Further Study Measures...22 Appendices Peak Indicator for Sites in the San Joaquin Valley Air Basin... A-1 Comments Received and Response to Comments... B-2 i

4 LIST OF TABLES Table 1 SJVAB Ozone Exceedances Table 2 BARCT Rules...12 Table 3 Stationary Source Control Measures 1997 Triennial Plan Rulemaking Schedule...14 Table 4 Control Measure/Adopted Rule Comparison...14 Table 5 Planned and Claimed Emission Reductions...15 Table 6 Current Status Stationary Source Control Measure Adoption Schedule and Rulemaking Status...20 Table 7 Post 2000 Stationary Source Control Measures...21 Table Rulemaking Schedule...23 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 Progress in Reducing Expected Peak Day Concentration At the Fresno-Drummond Site...5 Figure 2 Progress in Reducing Expected Peak Day Concentration.. at the Fresno-Sierra Skypark Site...5 Figure 3 Progress in Reducing Expected Peak Day Concentration.. at Parlier...6 Figure 4 Progress in Reducing Expected Peak Day Concentration.. at Edison...6 Figure 5 Progress in Reducing Expected Peak Day Concentration.. At Clovis...7 Figure 6 Progress in Reducing Expected Peak Day Concentration.. at the Fresno-First Street Site...7 Figure 7 Progress in Reducing Expected Peak Day Concentration.. at Arvin...8 Figure 8 Population Weight Exposure per Person...10 Figure 9 Area Weighted Exposure per Square Kilometer...10 ii

5 INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND In 1991, the (District) prepared the Air Quality Attainment Plan (AQAP) in compliance with the requirements of the California Clean Air Act (CCAA). The AQAP was adopted by the District s Governing Board on January 30, 1992 and conditionally approved by the California Air Resources Board (ARB) on August 27, Section of the California Health and Safety Code (CH&SC) requires that a report be prepared every three years that summarizes the progress made by the District in meeting the schedules for developing, adopting and implementing the air pollution control measures contained in the District s plan. This Triennial Update is a report of the District s progress in relation to the commitments made in prior state attainment plans. Previous triennial reports have assessed progress made during the last three years, including the immediate year ending on the date the report is due. This report, and future reports, will assess the previous three years, not including the year ending on the date the report is due. In other words, this report, nominally due on December 31, 2000 will cover years rather than This change allows a more thorough assessment of the actions taken during the three-year period and also aligns the triennial plan with the federal three-year rate of progress assessment period. Chapter 8 (California Clean Air Act Triennial Progress Report and Plan Revision) of the 1994 Ozone Attainment Demonstration Plan (OADP) fulfilled California s requirement for the first triennial report. The 1994 OADP was prepared with the use of the San Joaquin Valley Air Quality Study/Atmospheric Utilities Signatures, Predictions, and Experiments Regional Modeling Adaptation Project (SARMAP) model as required by the Federal Clean Air Act. SARMAP was used to project the measures and amount of reduction needed to achieve attainment of the federal standard. The strategy adopted in the 1994 OADP identified measures capable of achieving attainment of the federal standard and was submitted as a portion of the State Implementation Plan (SIP). Chapter 8 identified additional measures that were anticipated as necessary to attain the state standard and notes that these additional measures would not be developed until after the adoption of the rules committed to in the OADP. The 1994 OADP recognized that to achieve air quality goals, a partnership was necessary between a wide variety of agencies and groups at the federal, state, regional and local levels. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is responsible for reducing emissions from a number of sources including locomotives, aircraft, heavy duty vehicles used in interstate commerce, and other sources which are either preempted from state control or best regulated on a national level. The ARB is responsible for emission standards for on-road and some off-road motor vehicles and for consumer products sold in the state. The District is

6 responsible for stationary and area source controls. Transportation Planning Agencies (TPAs), cities, counties, and other agencies concerned with land use and transportation, in coordination with the District, are responsible for mobile source measures to reduce vehicle emissions. The California Clean Air Act Triennial Progress Report and Plan Revision (1997 Triennial Update) was adopted in December 1998 by the District and approved by the ARB in October No change in the District s ozone attainment strategy was set forth in the Update. In the Update, however, the District revised its rulemaking schedule for developing rules to which the District was already committed. Also, the District committed to further evaluate 12 control measures included on the ARB s list of Achievable Performance Standards. ARB conditionally approved the District s 1997 Triennial Report, subject to the District adopting 8 specific measures no later than the end of 2000, and the District prioritizing 18 additional identified measures and adopting at least four per year during the and planning cycles. As the District makes progress in implementing the strategies set forth in the 1994 SIP and adopting the measures identified in the 1997 Triennial Update, both ARB and EPA must also continue to take resolute actions to reduce emissions generated by the sources they control. Local governments must emphasize land use patterns and site designs that minimize air emissions and TPAs must make a concerted effort to ensure that their decisions result in air quality improvements. As part of the Transportation Equity Act for the 21 st Century (TEA 21), Congress approved $120 million in Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality Improvement (CMAQ) funds for TPAs in the San Joaquin Valley between 1997 and TPAs thus have a unique opportunity to fund projects that will result in significant emission reductions. It is imperative that significant mobile source emission reductions do occur in the Valley if air quality goals are to be achieved. ATTAINMENT DESIGNATION Based on the designation criteria established by Section of the California Health and Safety Code, the San Joaquin Valley Air Basin (SJVAB) is classified as severe nonattainment for ozone. Because of this designation, the District is subject to stringent requirements in the CCAA and must apply all feasible measures to reduce emissions. Through control measures adopted by state, local, and federal agencies and implemented by citizens, industry, and government, all areas in the SJVAB have attained the California carbon monoxide (CO) standard (the last area, Fresno, was officially reclassified as attainment in September 1999). The remainder of this document focuses on ozone attainment issues. 2

7 AIR BASIN DESCRIPTION The San Joaquin Valley (Valley) is a major geographic, population, and agricultural region of California. The District, and the corresponding air basin, includes the counties of San Joaquin, Stanislaus, Merced, Madera, Fresno, Kings, Tulare and the Valley portion of Kern County. Comprising about 24,840 square miles, it represents approximately 16% of the geographic area of California and is the second largest air basin in California. The California Department of Finance estimates that the District had a population of 3,174,400 on January 1, Major urban centers include Bakersfield, Fresno, Modesto and Stockton. The Valley consists of a continuous inter-mountain valley that is approximately 250 miles long and averages 80 miles wide. It is defined by the Sierra Nevada mountains in the east (8,000 to 14,000 feet in elevation), the Coast Range in the west (averaging 3,000 feet in elevation), and the Tehachapi mountains in the south (6,000 to 8,000 feet in elevation). The Valley opens to the Carquinez Straits in the north where the San Joaquin-Sacramento Delta empties into San Francisco Bay. Except for its foothill and mountain areas, the SJVAB is essentially flat with a slight downward gradient to the northwest. Approximately 31 percent of the total land area within the SJVAB is under public ownership. The federal government is the largest public landholder, with approximately 94 percent of the total public-owned land under its jurisdiction. For the most part, the holdings consist of National Forest lands, National Parks, wildlife refuge areas, plus a major military air base located on the Valley floor. The Valley is predominately agriculturally oriented, including foothill and mountain areas devoted to grazing and timber sales. Currently, the majority of industry remains directly or indirectly related to providing services, products and support to agriculture. In addition, industries related to the production of natural resources are scattered throughout the District. Various lumbering operations that process timber harvested from the nearby National Forests and private forestlands are located along the east side of the District. The District also has substantial petroleum production fields in Kern, Kings, Tulare, and Fresno counties, while oil refineries are located in Kern County. AIR QUALITY INDICATORS Violations of the state and federal standards between are shown on Table 1. ARB s Guidance for Annual and Triennial Progress Reports Under the California Clean Air Act (August, 1993) suggests that districts use the following air quality indicators to fulfill the reporting requirements for the Triennial Update: 1) expected peak day concentration (EPDC); 2) per-capita annual exposure; and 3) per-unit-area annual exposure. District staff, analyzing the latest data obtainable from ARB, 3

8 TABLE 1 SJVAB OZONE EXCEEDANCES Year State Standard (0.09 parts per million) Federal 1-Hour Standard (0.12 parts per million) Hours Days Hours Days prepared charts showing EPDC trends, population-weighted ozone exposure, and area-weighted ozone exposure. The exposure charts include a confidence scale (on the right hand side of each chart) that incorporates the concept of native variability 1 for each indicator. We will provide a confidence scale on the EPDC charts when we receive the necessary data from ARB. The EPDCs are shown for seven air monitoring stations: Fresno-Drummond, Fresno-Sierra Sky Park, Parlier, Edison, Clovis, Fresno-First Street, and Arvin (see Figures 1-7). The first four sites meet the conditions for using EPDC as an air quality indicator. These conditions are: 1) continuous operation since 1986; and 2) highest recorded EPDC during the reporting period or the EPDC is within ten percent of the highest EPDC recorded in the SJVAB. The last three sites were established later than 1986 but otherwise meet the conditions. In fact, the Clovis site has the highest EPDC in the valley. The EPDCs for all 23 currently operating sites within the SJVAB are shown in Appendix A. The EPDCs for 17 of the 23 sites in the SJVAB decreased (some by only one part per billion), five out of 23 increased, and one site had data for only In general, most air monitoring sites show improvement of EPDCs throughout the District. As indicated on the charts, most improvement occurred in the late 1980 s and very early 1990 s. Progress slowed from the early 1990 s until the late 1990 s. Specifically the EPDC Figures 1-4 and 6-7 show one of the two types of progress. Figure 5 (Clovis) shows documented degradation. The greatest improvements are at Arvin, Parlier, and Edison. The Fresno-First Street site showed virtually no 1 Native variability is defined by ARB [Guidance for Annual and Triennial Progress Reports Under the California Clean Air Act (August, 1993)] as "the spectrum of values that the indicator could have because of the influence of factors other than progress." The difference between the baseline and the percentile values listed on the confidence scale equals the amount of change that can be attributed to emissions reductions at a confidence level equal to the percentile value. For example, a 1.0 part per hundred million decline in EPDC, measured from the baseline to the 95% level mark on the confidence scale, represents the decline in exposure that can be attributed to emissions reductions with 95% confidence. 4

9 0.180 Figure 1 Progress in Reducing Expected Peak Day Concentration at the Fresno- Drummond Site Ozone (ppm-hou State Standard is ppm. Source: ARB and SJVAPCD Year (End Year of Three) EPCD Baseline Figure 2 Progress in Reducing Expected Peak Day Concentration at the Fresno-Sierra Skypark Site Ozone (ppm-hou Year (End of Three) State Standard is ppm. Source: ARB and SJVAPCD EPCD Baseline 5

10 Figure 3 Progress in Reducing Expected Peak Day Concentration at Parlier Ozone (ppm-hou Year (End of Three) State Standard is ppm. Source: ARB and SJVAPCD EPCD Baseline Figure 4 Progress in Reducing Expected Peak Day Concentration at Edison Ozone (ppm-hour) Year (End of Three) State Standard is ppm. Source: ARB and SJVAPCD EPCD Baseline 6

11 0.180 Figure 5 Progress in Reducing Epected Peak Day Concentration at Clovis Ozone (ppm-hou Year (End of Three) State Standard is ppm. Source: ARB and SJVAPCD EPCD Baseline Figure 6 Progress in Reducing Expected Peak Day Concentration at the Fresno-First Street Site Ozone (ppm-hours Year (End of Three) State Standard is ppm. EPCD Baseline Source: ARB and SJVAPCD 7

12 0.170 Figure 7 Progress in Reducing Expected Peak Day concentration at Arvin Ozone (ppm-hou Year (End of Three) State Standard is ppm. Source: ARB and SJVAPCD EPCD Baseline 8

13 improvement, while the Clovis monitoring station showed increasing levels of air pollution. The confidence scale or "error bar" on the right edge of each exposure chart shows different types of progress or degradation of air quality. The first type is called documented progress. Documented progress refers to the space (or gap) between the 95 percent mark on the confidence scale and the baseline when the baseline is above the 95 percent mark. This means that there is a 95 percent certainty that the indicated progress has been made. The second type of progress occurs when the confidence scale crosses the baseline. This type of progress is less certain than that of documented progress. The percentage of confidence is determined by the intersection of the two lines and allows us to state that we are X percent certain that some progress has been made. Having the five-percent mark above the baseline indicates documented degradation. The population-weighted exposure chart (Figure 8) shows, with ninety-five percent confidence, that exposure to ozone (adjusted to reflect population distribution and to give more "weight" to higher ozone values) has declined (approximately 101 pphm per hour per person) within the SJVAB between 1986 and The decline is determined by taking the difference between the baseline value for 1988 (which is the end year for the moving average) and the value at the 95th percentile of the confidence scale in the last year shown on the chart. Although this is a documented 30 percent improvement over 1988, the data does not indicate any improvement in air quality since The area-based exposure chart (Figure 9) shows greater improvement in air quality within the District. This chart shows, with ninety-five percent confidence, that the SJVAB has experienced a reduced average ozone exposure (approximately 105 pphm-hr per square kilometer) during the 1986 to 1999 time period. This reduction is determined by taking the difference between the baseline value for 1988 (which is the end year for the moving average) and the value at the 95th percentile of the confidence scale in the last year shown on the chart. Again, although this is a documented 32 percent improvement since 1988, the data does not indicate any improvement in air quality since Section 40920(c) of the CH&SC requires that for severe nonattainment areas, control measures must be sufficient to reduce overall population exposure to ambient pollution levels in excess of the standard by at least forty percent by December 1997, and fifty percent by December Although the District adopted rules that reduced ozone precursor emissions by 226 tons per day since 1991, it has been unable to achieve this goal. The measures that were adopted reduce emissions for most major ozone precursor sources in the District. However, the full compliance date for most rules adopted between 1995 and 1999 is 2000 or Thus, the full benefit of these reductions has not been realized in the District. Even if the District had been able to adopt all control measures committed to in the 1994 Triennial Update, it is unlikely that the pollution levels would have dropped to the required level. 9

14 450 Figure 8 Population Weighted Exposure per Person 400 Ozone (pphm-hours per perso % Documented Progress 95% 75% 50% 25% 50 5% Based on 1990 Census Year (End of Three) Source: ARB and SJVAPCD Three Year Moving Average Population-Weighted Exposure Baseline 450 Figure 9 Area Weighted Exporsure per Square Kilometer 400 Ozone (pphm per square kilome % Documented Progress 95% 75% 50% 25% 50 5% Year (End of Three) Source: ARB and SJVAPCD Three Year Moving Average Population-W eighted Exposure Baseline 10

15 TRANSPORT MITIGATION The movement of air pollutants across jurisdictional boundaries is called long-range transport, or simply transport. ARB, in cooperation with local air districts, is required by the CCAA to evaluate intrastate transport and to suggest mitigation for such transport. Most violations of ozone ambient air quality standards occur under stagnant weather conditions, when pollutant concentrations build up because emitted pollutants do not disperse either horizontally or vertically. For ozone, these conditions occur on hot, summer days with low wind speed limiting horizontal dispersion, and temperature inversions in the atmosphere limiting vertical dispersion. Prevailing winds carry air pollutants and precursors from emission points to downwind locations, mixing with cleaner air or other emissions along the way. Pollutant and precursor concentrations are much lower on windy days because emissions are dispersed through larger volumes of ambient air. There is general agreement that pollutant transport does occur among the various air districts and air basins in California. The wind direction and resulting transport direction may change significantly from day to day, depending on specific weather conditions. The ARB has identified transport couples (source and receptor areas) throughout California. The San Joaquin Valley Air Basin is identified as both a source and a receptor of transported pollutants. The ARB concluded that some ozone exceedances in the northern portion of the SJVAB could be overwhelmingly or significantly attributed to transport from the San Francisco Bay Air Basin and that the Broader Sacramento Area contributes significantly to some exceedances in the SJVAB. The SJVAB, however, has been found to contribute overwhelmingly to ozone exceedances in the Mojave Desert, Mountain Counties, and Great Basin Valley Air Basins, overwhelmingly or significantly to the South Central Coast and Broader Sacramento Area Air Basins, and significantly to the North Central Coast Air Basin (CARB, Second Triennial Review of the Assessment of the Impacts of Transported Pollutants on Ozone Concentrations in California, Revised, 1996). 2 The state law concerning transport mitigation required the District to adopt and implement Best Available Retrofit Control Technology (BARCT) for 75 percent of the 1987 planning ROG and NOx emissions inventories from stationary sources with implementation by January 1, The evaluation that these rules would meet the requirement was completed in Chapter 7 of the 1991 AQAP. The District, therefore, has complied with this requirement. Table 2 identifies the BARCT rules adopted by the District since The majority of these rules were adopted and implemented prior to The Third Triennial Review of the Assessment of the Impacts of Transported Pollutants on Ozone Concentrations in California, has not been released as of the publication of this update. 11

16 TABLE 2 BARCT RULES VOC BARCT Rule Rule Name 4401 Steam-Enhanced Crude Oil Production Well Vents 4402 Crude Oil Production Sumps 4403 Components Serving Light Crude Oil or Gases at Light Crude Oil and Gas Production Facilities and Components at Natural Gas Processing Facilities 4404 Heavy Oil Test Station - Kern County 4407 In-situ Combustion Well Vents 4451 Valves, Pressure Relief Valves, Flanges, Threaded Connections and Process Drains at Petroleum Refineries and Chemical Plants 4452 Pump and Compressor Seals at Petroleum Refineries and Chemical Plants 4453 Refinery Vacuum Producing Devices or Systems 4454 Refinery Process Unit Turnaround 4601 Architectural Coatings 4602 Motor Vehicle and Mobile Equipment Coating Operations 4603 Surface Coating of Metal Parts and Products 4604 Can and Coil Coating Operations 4605 Aerospace Assembly and Component Manufacturing Operations 4606 Wood Products Coating Operations 4607* Graphic Arts 4621* Gasoline Transfer into Stationary Storage Containers, Delivery Vessels, and Bulk Plants 4622* Gasoline Transfer into Vehicle Fuel Tanks 4624 Organic Liquid Loading 4625 Wastewater Separators 4641 Cutback, Slow Cure, and Emulsified Asphalt Paving and Maintenance Operations 4642* Solid Waste Disposal Sites 4651 Volatile Organic Compound Emissions from Decontamination of Soil 4652 Coatings and Ink Manufacturing 4653 Adhesives 4672 Petroleum Solvent Dry Cleaning Operations 4681 Rubber Tire Manufacturing 4682 Polystyrene Foam, Polyethylene, and Polypropylene Manufacturing 4684 Polyester Resin Operations 4691 Vegetable Oil Processing Operations NOx BARCT Rule Rule Name 4305** Boilers, Steam Generators, and Process Heaters 4352 Solid Fuel Fired Boilers, Steam Generators and Process Heaters 4354* Glass Melting Furnaces 4701* Internal Combustion Engines 4703 Stationary Gas Turbines *BARCT rules adopted or amended in **BARCT for larger units was adopted in BARCT for smaller units was adopted in

17 CONTROL MEASURE IMPLEMENTATION STATIONARY SOURCE CONTROL MEASURES The District s rulemaking schedule and adoption activity for as developed in the 1997 Triennial Plan is shown on Table 3. ARB's 1993 Guidance for Annual and Triennial Progress Reports Under the California Clean Air Act (Guidance) suggests that districts should include comparisons of predicted versus actual reductions for the previous three years in the Triennial Update. This data is shown on Table 4. The planned and claimed control efficiencies are also shown on Table 4. Note that emission reductions described in the 1997 Triennial Report are different from those shown in this report. In Fall 1999 and Spring 2000, Arons Air Quality Service, an independent consultant, updated the District s control measures profiles. For some control measures, the update resulted in a change in emission reductions from those previously shown in District documents. It should also be noted that the reductions shown on Table 4 resulted from actions taken only between 1997 and In all cases, these were amendments of previously adopted rules that had already resulted in significant emission reductions. These earlier reductions are not reflected in this table. Emission reductions that are achieved by adopted rules are determined by three factors: control efficiencies, rule penetration, and the inventory of sources. As shown on Table 4, the emission reduction achieved by an adopted rule does not always correspond with the planned reduction. During the planning process, estimates are made of each of the three factors based on available data. During the rule development process, more detailed analysis is undertaken and economic, social, environmental, or other considerations may result in modifications of one or more of these three factors. As seen on Table 4, one or more of the factors for the rules that were adopted between 1997 and 1999 changed by the time of adoption. For context, Table 5 lists the adoption and final implementation dates of all control measures that were developed into rules subsequent to the adoption of the 1994 Triennial Update. This comparison shows the updated emission reductions and progress of each control measure. As discussed earlier, the data provided on this table reflects only emission reductions attributed to adoption or amendment of rules since 1994 and does not include emission reductions from earlier versions of the rule. Also, as previously mentioned, the District s Control Profiles have been updated. The emissions reductions shown on Table 5 thus are not identical to those shown in the 1997 Triennial Report. 13

18 TABLE 3 STATIONARY SOURCE CONTROL MEASURES 1997 TRIENNIAL PLAN RULEMAKING SCHEDULE Rule Control Measure 1997 Triennial Plan Anticipated Rule Adoption Date 1997 Triennial Plan Anticipated Rule Compliance Date 4103 Agricultural Waste Burning/Open Burning 4Q/2000 Post Glass Melting Furnaces Adopted 04/16/98 1/1/ Oil Production Well Cellars 4Q/2000 4Q/ Architectural Coatings 4Q/99 4Q/ Gasoline Transfer into Stationary Storage Containers, Delivery Vessels, and Bulk Plants/Gasoline Transfer into Vehicle Fuel Tanks Adopted 06/18/98 5/31/ Organic Solvents 2Q/99 2Q/ Organic Liquid Storage 4Q/2000 4Q/ Organic Solvent Degreasing 2Q/99 2Q/ Organic Solvent Cleaning, Storage, and Disposal 2Q/99 2Q/ Commercial Charbroiling 2Q/2000 2Q/2002 TABLE 4 CONTROL MEASURE/ADOPTED RULE COMPARISON Rule Control Measures Inventory (tpd) Planned Control Efficiency Planned Emission Reduction (tpd) Adopted Rule Emission Inventory (tpd) Adopted Rule Control Efficiency Claimed Emission Reductions (tpd) 4607 Graphic Arts % VOC % VOC Glass Melting Furnaces % NOx % NOx Gasoline Tanks and Dispensing % VOC % VOC Rule 4611 was incorporated into Rule The 0.66 tpd emission reduction reflects the reductions provided by the implementation of the rule adopted in The emission reductions expected to be provided by the amended rule, 2.87 tpd, will occur when the various phases become effective between 1999 and

19 TABLE 5 PLANNED AND CLAIMED EMISSION REDUCTIONS Rule Control Measure Rule Adoption Date 4103 Agricultural Waste Burning\ Open Burning 4305 External Combustion Devices Phase 3, Smaller Units (Previous rule # 4306) 4305 External Combustion devices Phase 4, Dryers (Previous Rule # 4307) Rule Compliance Date Planned NOx, tpd NQ Claimed NOx, tpd NA 12/19/96 5/31/ NQ NA Planned VOC, tpd Claimed VOC, tpd 4308 Asphalt Batch Plant Heaters 0.03 NA 4354 Glass Melting Furnaces 04/16/98 After 01/01/ Oil Pipeline Pumping Fugitives NQ NA 4409 Oil Production Flashing NQ NA Losses 4410 Oil Production Glycol NQ NA Regenerators 4411 Oil Production Well Cellars 0.57 NA 4551 Marine Vessel Operations NQ NA 4552 Marine Vessel Loading NQ NA 4601 Coatings, Architectural Graphic Arts 09/17/97 9/14/ Small Printing Operations 09/17/97 9/14/ (Previous Rule #4611) 4608 Coatings, Plastic Parts NQ NA 4621 Gasoline Tanks & Dispensing 06/18/98 5/31/ Organic Liquid Storage 3.00 NA 4625 Wastewater Separators 0.05 NA 4626 Aircraft Fuel Storage & 0.03 NA Refueling 4627 Tank Cleaning & Venting NQ NA 4642 Landfill Gas Control 07/20/ Water Treatment Plants NQ NA (POTWs) 4652 Coating & Ink Mfg NQ NA 4661 Organic Solvents* NQ NA 4662 Organic Solvent Degreasing 2.44 NA 4663 Organic Solvent Cleaning, 0.19 NA Storage, and Disposal 4692 Charbroiling, Commercial 0.39 NA 4701 Piston Engines, Stationary 12/19/96 5/31/ (Previous Rule # 4702) 4903 Residential Space Heaters Total Emission Reductions Note: NQ = Not Quantified and NA = Rule Not Adopted *Control measures planned for Rule 4661 are being developed for Rule 4663 (Organic Solvent Cleaning, Storage, and Disposal) 15

20 MOBILE SOURCE CONTROL MEASURES Introduction Under the CCAA s severe nonattainment classification, the District is required to include reasonably available transportation control measures sufficient to substantially reduce the rate of increase in passenger vehicle trips and miles traveled per trip... in its air quality attainment plans. As reported in the 1997 Triennial Update, a number of transportation control measures (TCMs) were included in the 1994 Triennial Update and OADP. Other TCMs that were not included in these plans, but which resulted in some emission reductions have also been developed. The status of these programs is described below. Reductions from mobile source measures differ from stationary sources in that they are limited to a specific time period rather than being permanent, and they are calculated over the projects lifetimes. Stationary source reductions are referenced on a tons per day basis because they are cumulative, in that they continue to occur day after day, year after year, from the same source. They continue to generate reductions as long as the controlled source is active. Due to the nature of mobile source projects, it is not possible to quantify the actual years in which the emission reductions will occur. For some projects, reductions may be limited or tied to a set number of years. For others, emission reductions may occur over an unspecified number of years. District Committed TCMs The District is continuing to work with the Transportation Planning Agencies (TPAs) in their implementation of previously committed TCMs. The Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) between the District and the eight county TPAs is still in effect. Several anticipated mobile source measures identified in the OADP [Rule 9001 (Commute Based Trip Reduction), Rule 9010 (Fleet Inventory) and Rule 9011 (Light and Medium Duty Low Emission Fleet Vehicle)] are no longer being pursued. Rule 9001, the District s Commute Trip Reduction rule was successfully adopted and implemented but was rescinded in accordance with the prohibition of such rules by the state legislature. Rules 9010 and 9011 are no longer being considered for implementation because California adopted a low emission vehicle program that satisfied the federal requirement for these rules. The 1999 status of each mobile source measure that was included in the 1994 Triennial Update is summarized below. Reduce Motor Vehicle Emissions (REMOVE). The District continued to implement its REMOVE program. During the (2 years were treated as one cycle) and funding cycles, projects funded at a cost of almost $4,900,000 resulted in an estimated 464 tons of emissions reduction over the lifetime of the projects. 16

21 Smoking Vehicle. During 1997, 1998 and 1999, the District received over 13,300 calls or report slips regarding smoking vehicles, with about a 27.5 percent response rate from individuals receiving a Smoking Vehicle letter. In addition to the TCMs in the OADP, 1993 and Post 1996 Rate of Progress Plans, and the 1994 Triennial Update, the District included the following TCM in the PM-10 Attainment Demonstration Plan (PM-10 ADP): Current projections show a growth of 60% in light and medium duty vehicle activity between the 1993 base year and the 2005 attainment date. The PM-10 ADP assumes that the cities, counties, and transportation planning agencies can achieve a two percent reduction in cumulative growth in light and medium duty vehicle activity or equivalent by District and TPA staffs are working on specific actions and programs to reduce vehicle miles traveled (VMT) or to reduce emissions through other activities. Currently, five of the eight TPAs in the Valley have allocated a total of $3.5 million of their CMAQ funds to the District for use in air quality improvement programs. Voluntary Mobile Source Programs The District continued to implement several other successful mobile source emission reduction programs between 1997 and These programs are described below. A Vehicle Buy-back Program which removes older vehicles (1981 or older) from the Valley s roads was implemented as a District-managed program during the fiscal year. In the cycle, the program reduced emissions by 850 tons at a cost of $2,000,000. The District s mobile source voluntary program emphasis then shifted from the Vehicle Buy-back to Heavy Duty Vehicle Emission Reduction. The Heavy Duty Vehicle Emission Reduction Program provides financial incentives to municipalities, companies, fleet operators and individuals who purchase new heavy-duty, low-emission on-road vehicles from original equipment manufacturers (OEM); new OEM heavy-duty, low-emission engines for replacements; or retrofit technologies for heavy-duty on-road and non-road vehicles meeting criteria guidelines. The District estimates that approved projects funded during , using only Department of Motor Vehicle Surcharge Fee funds would result in an emissions reduction of 1,566 tons of NOx over the lifetime of the vehicles. The District is also funding its Heavy Duty Vehicle Emission Reduction Program with Carl Moyer funds, provided through state legislative action. The District estimates that projects approved in 1999 using these funds will result in an additional 4,438 tons of NOx emissions reduction, again over the lifetime of the vehicles. Additionally, in 1996, the District began a Spare the Air Program. This voluntary program is designed to encourage ridesharing and discourage use of equipment and 17

22 products that emit ozone precursors during the ozone season. The program is directed both to employers and the general public. In 1996, 75 employers were enrolled in the employer component. By September 1997, the employer component had increased to nearly 500 participants, while in 1998 and 1999, the employer component ran about 730. The focus of the program in 1999 was increasing the active participation of employers already enrolled in the program rather than increasing the number of employers in the program. INDIRECT SOURCE PROGRAMS The AQAP contained three indirect source control measures: Enhanced District CEQA Participation, Air Quality Elements, and New and Modified Indirect Source Review. The first two programs are fully implemented, but the third has been changed substantially. The status of these programs is provided below. In the Enhanced District CEQA Participation Program, the District reviews projects each year from nearly all local planning agencies in the San Joaquin Valley. Local jurisdictions routinely include air quality mitigation measures recommended by the District in development projects. District staff developed a Guide for Assessing and Mitigating Air Quality Impacts to further assist local jurisdictions in analyzing and mitigating impacts. The District s Governing Board approved it in In the District s program to encourage air quality elements in city and county general plans, District staff provides assistance to cities and counties via its Air Quality Guidelines for General Plans (AQGGP) document and by reviewing general plans as they are updated. The AQGGP has been very well accepted. Nearly all cities and counties in the District that have prepared general plan updates have used the AQGGP since its approval in The New and Modified Indirect Source Review program has been modified from a rule approach to a voluntary educational approach. After workshopping a draft rule, it was clear that a District program would be unacceptable to the local communities. Two cities, Stockton and Turlock, have adopted indirect source mitigation fee programs on their own. The District program has emphasized educating cities and counties on ways to develop land use patterns and site designs supportive of walking, bicycling, and transit. Several advisory documents on site design, street design, and livable communities have been developed with District resources. INTRODUCTION PLAN REVISION The California Clean Air Act requires the District to establish a strategy that will achieve an annual average five percent reduction in ozone precursor emissions, or alternatively, to commit to taking all feasible measures to reduce emissions within its boundaries in an expeditious time frame. The District s adopted strategy is based on 18

23 the latter alternative. During the period, the District anticipates continuing to implement its original control strategy of adopting rules to fulfill the District s SIP commitment and then to address additional measures needed for attainment of the California ozone standard. Based upon previous commitments, the evaluation of achievable performance standards 3, and ARB s condition of approval of the District s 1997 Triennial Plan, the District has modified its rule development calendar. During the planning cycle, the District will continue its efforts to improve its emissions inventory. This will consist of both in-house efforts, joint efforts with ARB, and contracting with consultants for updating or developing inventories for specific sources. CONTROL STRATEGY The District s rulemaking schedule in the 1997 Triennial Plan was grouped in threeyear periods: , and The schedule for control measure development for the cycle was developed by quarter and is shown on Table 3. The current status of the rules planned for development during this cycle, but not yet adopted, is shown on Table 6. During ARB s review of the 1997 Triennial Plan, the District worked with ARB staff to determine which control measures should be further pursued by the District. It was determined that the District could proceed with the adoption of eight specific measures (see Table 6) by the end of 2000 and that it was feasible for the District to continue to pursue 18 additional measures in subsequent years. The ARB Governing Board then approved the District s 1997 Triennial Plan, subject to the District 1) adopting the eight rules shown on Table 6 by the end of 2000, 2) prioritizing the additional 18 measures shown on Table 7, and 3) adopting these measures at a rate of four per year during the and planning cycles. The District is undertaking an extensive review and analysis of the 18 control measures previously identified by ARB in its resolution. The analysis includes emission inventory development and improvement projects. Consultants were retained to develop methodologies and new inventories for seven of the 18 sources, while methodologies and inventories for several of the remaining categories and/or inventories are being developed or updated in-house. The review is expected to be completed by February In addition to pursing the attainment of the state ozone standard, the District also was required to attain the Federal 1-Hour National Ambient Air Quality Standard by November 15, 1999 or be bumped up to severe nonattainment for that standard. The San Joaquin Valley failed to reach attainment by the required date Consequently, the EPA has proposed the reclassification of the Valley to severe nonattainment. Under the severe area classification, the Valley must reach attainment by November 15, EPA included in the bump-up notice a 3 Identification of Achievable Performance Standards and Emerging Technologies for Stationary Sources: A Draft Resources Document (ARB s Tier 1 list of Achievable Performance Standards). 19

24 requirement that the District amend rules as necessary to meet Reasonably Available Control Technology (RACT) for sources newly defined as major sources TABLE 6 CURRENT STATUS STATIONARY SOURCE CONTROL MEASURE ADOPTION SCHEDULE AND RULEMAKING STATUS Rule No. Control Measure 1997 Triennial Plan Adoption Anticipated Compliance Date Status 4103 Agricultural Waste Burning/Open Burning 4Q/2000 Post 2002 Second Workshop 11/2000 Final Workshop scheduled 3/2001 Adoption: 4/ Oil Production Well Cellars 4/2000 4Q/2002 Second Workshop 1/2001 Final Workshop scheduled 3/2001 Adoption: 7/ Architectural Coatings 1 4Q/1999 4Q/2002 First Workshop scheduled 11/2000, Final Workshop scheduled 5/2001 Adoption 8/ Organic Liquid Storage 4Q/2000 4Q/2002 Scoping Meeting: 3/2000 Workshops: 6/2000, 9/2000 and 2/2001 Adoption: 5/ Organic Solvents 2Q/1999 2Q/2001 To be adopted as part of Rule Organic Solvent Degreasing 2Q/1999 4Q/2001 Final Workshops scheduled 12/2000 Adoption: 2/ Organic Solvent Cleaning, Storage, and Disposal 2Q/1999 2Q/2001 Second Workshops scheduled 12/2000 Final Workshop scheduled 2/2001 Adoption: 5/ Commercial Charbroiling 2Q/2000 2Q/2002 Workshops scheduled 1/2001, 3/2001 and 6/2001 Adoption: 9/ The adoption of the architectural coatings rule was delayed while waiting for the Statewide Control Measure for the source category to be developed by ARB. 20

25 TABLE 7 POST 2000 STATIONARY SOURCE CONTROL MEASURES RULE CONTROL MEASURE POTENTIAL ACTION 4305 Very Small Boilers, Process Heaters, and Steam Generators Amendment 4305 Dryers (as BARCT) Amendment 4308 Asphalt Batch Plants & Hot Mix Asphalt Batch Plant Fugitives New Rule 4403 Components Serving Gas Production Facilities Amendment 4408 Oil Pipeline Pumping Fugitives New Rule 4409 Discharge of Produced Oil/Flashing Losses New Rule 4410 Gas Plant Glycol Regenerators New Rule 4451 Valves, Pressure Relief Valves, Flanges, Threaded Connections and Process Drains at Petroleum Refineries and Chemical Plants 4452 Pump and Compressor Seals at Light Crude oil and Gases Production Facilities & Components at Natural Gas Processing Facilities Amendment Amendment 4602 Automotive Refinishing Amendment 4609 Pleasure Craft Coating New Rule 4627 Tank Cleaning and Venting New Rule 4643 Water Treatment Plants (POTWs) New Rule 4653 Adhesives Amendment 4682 Polystyrene Foam Manufacuring Amendment 4693 Bakery Ovens New Rule 4701 Stationary and Portable Piston Engines Amendment 4703 Stationary Gas Turbines Amendment 21

26 because of the severe area classification. The RACT rules must be adopted within 18 months of the final reclassification date. EPA has also proposed or made limited approval/disapproval findings for several of the District s SIP rules. The District must also amend each rule to correct the deficiencies within 18 months of the date on which EPA takes final action on the rule. The District s rulemaking schedule is shown on Table 8. Because the San Joaquin Valley Air Basin is also nonattainment for particulate matter, 10 microns or less in diameter (PM10), the District also has rulemaking commitments for the control of PM10 source. These rulemaking projects are also reflected in the rulemaking schedule. The District has taken both state and federal requirements into consideration in the development of the revised schedule. Although many of the rules must be completed on a timeline determined by federal actions, others have been prioritized based on a preliminary estimate of their emission reductions and cost effectiveness. During the first six months of 2001 the District will be developing its control strategy for attaining the federal one-hour ozone standard by As noted earlier, the District is evaluating many potential control measures for possible inclusion in the strategy. At the completion of this process, the District will prioritize the measures based on their potential to result in emission reductions, along with their cost effectiveness and complexity. The rulemaking schedule developed as a result of this process may result in some modification of the schedule shown on Table 8. A rulemaking schedule for the next planning cycle, , is not addressed in this Triennial Report. When the District completes the control measure evaluation process that is being undertaken for the Severe Area OADP, it will be able to prioritize its rulemaking beyond the planning cycle and the prioritization will be reflected in the OADP. FURTHER STUDY MEASURES Further study measures are measures that need to be researched in order to determine their feasibility as control measures in the future. In the 1997 Triennial Update, the District s further study measures included: Electronics Manufacturing, Hot Mix Asphalt Batch Plant Fugitives, Natural Gas Pipeline Maintenance Operations (Open Venting) Oil Production Sumps, Oil Well Polish Rod Stuffing Box Fugitives, Oil Well Drilling and Workover Operations Fugitive Emissions (ROG control), Well Vent Condensate and Solvent Used for Cleaning Oilfield Equipment, Wine Products Distillation, and Wineries. 22

27 TABLE 8* RULEMAKING SCHEDULE RULE CONTROL MEASURE 2000 TRIENNIAL PLAN SCHEDULE ACTIVITY COMMITMENT 4103 Open Burning 2Q/01 Amendment 1997 Triennial Plan & EPA Requirement 4106 Prescribed Burning and Hazard Reduction Burning 2Q/01 New Rule 1997 Triennial Plan & EPA Requirement 4623 Organic Liquid Storage 2Q/01 Amendment 1997 Triennial Plan & EPA Requirement 4662 Organic Solvent Degreasing 4663 Organic Solvent Cleaning, Storage and Disposal 2Q/01 Amendment 1997 Triennial Plan & EPA Requirement 2Q/01 New Rule 1997 Triennial Plan & EPA requirement Regulation 8 Fugitive Dust 2Q/01 Amendment PM10 ADP & EPA SIP Deficiency 4411 Oil Production Well Cellars 3Q/01 New Rule 1997 Triennial Plan & EPA Requirement 4601 Architectural Coatings 3Q/01 Amendment 1997 Triennial Plan & EPA Requirement 4692 Commercial Charbroiling 3Q/01 New Rule 1997 Triennial Plan & EPA Requirement 4354 Glass Melting Furnaces 2Q/02 Amendment EPA SIP Deficiency 4305** Boilers, Process Heaters, and Steam Generators 3Q/02 Amendment EPA SIP Deficiency 4307 Dryers & Ovens 3Q/02 New Rule EPA RACT Requirement 4311 Flares 3Q/02 New Rule EPA RACT Requirement 4312 Nitric Acid Plants 3Q/02 New Rule EPA RACT Requirement 4313 Foundries 3Q/02 New Rule EPA RACT Requirement 4351** Boilers, Steam Generators and Process Heaters Reasonably Available Control Technology 3Q/02 Amendment EPA SIP Deficiency 23

28 RULE CONTROL MEASURE 2000 TRIENNIAL PLAN SCHEDULE ACTIVITY COMMITMENT 4610 Mirror Coating Operations 3Q/02 New Rule EPA RACT Requirement 4693 Bakeries 3Q/02 New Rule EPA RACT Requirement 4696 Food Products Cooking 3Q/02 New Rule EPA RACT Requirement 4104 Reduction of Animal Matter 3Q/02 Amendment EPA RACT Requirement 4701** Internal Combustion Engines 3Q/02 Amendment EPA SIP Deficiency 4703** Stationary Gas Turbines 3Q/02 Amendment EPA SIP Deficiency 4403 Components Serving Light Crude Oil or Gases at Light Crude Oil and Gas Production Facilities and Components at Natural Gas Processing Facilities 4451 Valves, Pressure Relief Valves, Flanges, Threaded Connections and Process Drains at Petroleum Refineries and Chemical Plants 4452 Pump and Compressor Seals at Light Crude oil and Gases Production Facilities & Components at Natural Gas Processing Facilities 4701 Internal Combustion Engines 3Q/03 Amendment Feasible Control Measure 3Q/03 New Rule Feasible Control Measure 3Q/03 Amendment Feasible Control Measure 3Q/03 Amendment Feasible Control Measure 4703 Stationary Gas Turbines 3Q/03 Amendment Feasible Control Measure *Projected emission reductions associated with the control measures are not included on this table. District staff is still in the process of developing this information. Projected emission reductions and a revised rulemaking schedule, if necessary, will be included in the Severe Area Ozone Attainment Demonstration Plan (Severe Area OADP). The Severe Area OADP will be adopted by the District s Governing Board and forwarded to ARB. **EPA has not finalized the limited approval/limited disapproval for Rules 4305, 4351, 4701 and District staff intends to pursue these amendments to satisfy a related commitment in the 1997 PM10 Attainment Demonstration Plan. Activities associated with Well Vent Condensate and Solvent Used for Cleaning Oilfield Equipment will be subject to Rule 4663 (Organic Solvent Cleaning, Storage, and Disposal). Therefore, no further action will occur on this category. A feasibility determination still needs to be made on the remaining further study measures. 24