IEA-EXCO Energy Conservation in Buildings and Community Systems

Transcription

1 IEA-EXCO Energy Conservation in Buildings and Community Systems 1. PARTICIPANTS Annex 41 Whole Building Heat, Air And Moisture Response MOIST-ENG Report Seventh Working Meeting April , Florianopolis 33 participants were present, representing 10 countries and 19 institutes: 1 Achilles Karagiozis ORNL United States 2 Adam Neale CON Canada 3 Andreas Holm FhG Germany 4 Angela Sasic Kalagasidis CTH Sweden 5 Arnold Janssens UG Belgium 6 Carey Simonson UofS Canada 7 Carl-Eric Hagentoft CTH Sweden 8 Carsten Rode DTU Denmark 9 Chris Hannan CON Canada 10 Chris James UofS Canada 11 Chris Sanders GCU United Kingdom 12 Hans Janssen DTU Denmark 13 Hugo Hens KUL Belgium 14 Ian Ridley UCL United Kingdom 15 Jesper Arfvidsson LTH Sweden 16 Kaisa Svennberg LTH Sweden 17 Karl Grau SBI Denmark 18 Katia Mendonca PUCPR Brazil 19 Kristin Lengsfeld FhG Germany 20 Kumar Kumaran NRC Canada 21 Marc Abadie PUCPR Brazil 22 Martin Krus FhG Germany 23 Masaru Abuku KUL Belgium 24 Michel De Paepe UG Belgium 25 Mike Davies UCL United Kingdom 26 Monika Woloszyn CETHIL France 27 Nathan Mendes PUCPR Brazil 28 Nuno Ramos UP Portugal 29 Sergio Vera CON Canada 30 Staf Roels KUL Belgium 31 Stéphane Berthin Aereco France 32 Thomas Bednar TUW Austria 33 Uwe Meinhold TUD Germany addresses and full institute names can be found on the Annex website.

2 2. GENERAL INFORMATION Minutes of the Annex 41 working meeting in Kyoto, April 2006: approved after adding Fitsum Tariku to the participants list; News from Exco: o Developments have been presented at last EXCO meeting: the chairman stated that he was impressed by the excellent work that is being performed in this Annex ; o New annexes: extended applications of European building energy regulations to other continents; cooling in buildings; energy efficient communities; sustainable construction based on life cycle analysis;

3 3. PRESENTATION SESSIONS Subtask 1: Modelling Presentations - Angela Kalagassidis (CTH): Hygrothermal response of a building with dynamical insulation; - Jos Van Schijndel (TUD) by Carsten Rode: Impact of airflow through a two-dimensional envelope, a case study; - Karl Grau (SBI): A model for advective heat and moisture flows implemented in a program for whole-building simulation; - Thomas Bednar (TUW): Analytical solution of CE1A next generation: finite walls; Common Exercises CE2 (moisture buffering of gypsum board in test room) (Hiroshi Yoshino, THU) by Monika Woloszyn Common Exercise 2 concerns the moisture buffering of gypsum board in the THU test room. The recent measurements concern mainly the ventilation rate: the earlier measurement error was corrected. Currently there are 7 submissions from 5 participants. Results for the temperatures are not ideal, mainly attributed to the absence of detailed values for the heat source from the water evaporator. The results for the humidities are not good, at least for lower ventilation rates. For higher ventilation rates, the agreements between experiments and simulations get better. In all cases, the experiments give higher humidities than the models, and on top of that, there is a lot of spread between the different models. Insufficient mixing or stratification is not supported: the humidities are underestimated by the models, for both the floor and the ceiling as the cladded surface. The question remains however if the surface transfer coefficients in the simulations match those in reality. Subtask 2: Experimental analysis of moisture buffering Modelling Exercises ME 2: Heat and moisture transfer in a bed of gypsum boards (Chris James, UofS) Modelling Exercise 2 concerns the transient heat and moisture transfer in a bed of gypsum boards. In phase 1, blind simulations of the measurements were analysed, whereas Phase 2 focuses on sensitivity studies (sorption isotherm, vapour permeability, surface transfer coefficients). The general conclusion of Phase 1 comes down to a good agreement between most simulations and the measured results. Good agreement is obtained for the bare samples, whereas slightly larger standard deviations are noted for the coated samples. When investigating the implementations of paint coatings (as surface transfer resistance or as porous layer), the latter implementation proved best, but the differences are not that large. Four institutes participated in phase 2, all with partial results. Results of the sensitivity analysis showed that material properties are very important for the end results of the simulation, far more than hysteresis and the surface transfer coefficients. It was moreover shown that inclusion of the paint layer as an extra resistance in the transfer coefficient proved an accurate method of simulation. A new iteration of the CFD simulation of the TMT measurement is presented by Adam Neale (CON), who combines Fluent for CFD with a Matlab routine for vapour diffusion. The current results from this coupled model are however not near to the measurements. Separate verification of his diffusion model is satisfactory: good agreement with the other models is obtainned.

4 To obtain an acceptable agreement between the coupled model and the experiments, the air speed above the samples needs to be set 10 times higher than measured. It is concluded that the calculation of the vapour transfer in the boundary layer needs to be checked, preferably against analytical solutions. Subtask 3: Boundary conditions Presentations - Ian Ridley (UCL): Vapour pressure excess in living rooms and bedrooms: analysis of the Warm Front dataset - Achilles Karagiosis (ORNL): Analysis of indoor environmental data; - Michel De Paepe (UG): About the use of the heat and mass analogy in building simulation - Andreas Holm (FhG): The influence of internal boundary conditions on the hygrothermal performance of construction assemblies Subtask 4: Applications Presentations - Thomas Bednar (TUW): Multizone model versus single zone model - the importance of zone - coupling. - Martin Krus (FhG): Measurements of the moisture buffering effects and implementation into an easy numerical model - Hans Janssen (DTU): Hygric inertia of building zones: characterization and application - Kristin Lengsfeld (FhG): Influence of materials and moisture production on the moisture buffering effects - Masaru Abuku (KUL): Impact of wind-driven rain on mould growth and indoor climate - Chris Hannan (CON): A study of air movement in the cavity of a brick veneer wall - Sergio Vera (CON): Airborne moisture distribution in single rooms - Carl-Eric Hagentoft (CTH): Controlled ventilation of cold attics - moisture safety aspects - Nuno Ramos (UP): Analysis of moisture storage influence on the risk of mould growth - Thomas Bednar (TUW): Indoor climate and construction moisture content measured in a low energy house during the building phase and the first months of occupation. - Hugo Hens (KUL): Built-in moisture, troubling? - Stephane Berthin (AERECO): Measurements on humidity controlled ventilation systems in real conditions - Nathan Mendes (PUCPR): Combined simulation of central HVAC systems with a whole-building hygrothermal model - Roberto Freire (PUC-PR): Energy savings using HVAC predictive controllers - Arnold Janssens (UG): Demand and humidity controlled ventilation systems for dwellings

5 4. OUTLINE OF REPORTS The Annex 41 reports are the final and only result, so their standard represents the standard of the work done. This implies that there are some requirements concerning their content and format. The intended level should balance science and information: the report is to be used by future PhD students as well as knowledgeable practitioners. Mathematics should not be shunned if well explained: equations allow easy and direct communication of certain aspects of the work performed. Make references to annex papers, however, very important papers should be mixed into the text itself. Finally, the hard copies of the reports should be a document on their own. Surplus information will be included on the CD-version. Two levels of review are implemented. The first level is made up by three Annex participants for each subtask. The second level is composed of the EXCO, to whom the final reports will be presented at the EXCO meeting in autumn They will have three months to complete their task. Overall coordination, editing and publishing is the responsibility of the operating agent. Publishing will be done by Acco, the university editor of K.U.Leuven. Final presentation is due at the Building Physics in the Nordic Countries Conference, June For the participating countries, 10 free copies of the reports are provided. Subtask 1: Modelling (Carsten Rode, Monika Woloszyn) 1. Introduction 2. Whole building HAM modelling principles Carsten Rode, Monica Woloszyn 2.1 Heat Balances 2.2 Moisture Balances 2.3 Air Balances 2.4 Interactions Physical phemonena, incl. equationsof state Interactions between physical elements of the building 2.5 Granularities and spatial discretisation 2.6 Numerical methods (for time and space integration and couplings) 3. State of art of modelling 3.1. Analytical solution Thomas Bednar 3.2. Simplified models Arnold Janssens 3.3. WBHAM models Monika Woloszyn, Carsten Rode 3.4. Airflow integration Angela Kalagassidis 3.5. Advances in 3D airflow modelling Michel De Paepe 4. Common exercises 4.1 Common Exercises in Subtask 1 Monika Woloszyn, Carsten Rode 4.2 Reports from CE (10-12 p per CE) Monika Woloszyn (CE0), Carsten Rode (CE1), Hiroshi Yoshino (CE2), Kristin Lengsfeld (CE3), Monika Woloszyn (CE4), Hugo Hens (CEX) 5. Some indicators for Whole Building HAM Modelling 6. Challenges for future 7. Conclusion and Perspectives 8. Addenda digital edition Reviewers: Carl-Eric Hagentoft, Nathan Mendes, Peter Matiasovsky

6 Deadlines: individual CE-reports (each CE-coordinator): by end of May WBHAM model comparison (Monika Woloszyn): by end of May Contributions (Thomas Bednar, Arnold Janssens, Angela Kalagassidis, Michel De Paepe): by half of June Comments to CE reports and WBHAM comparison (all CE-participants): by half of June Final draft of ST1 final report (Carsten Rode, Monika Woloszyn): by half of July Written review (Carl-Eric Hagentoft, Nathan Mendes, Peter Matiasovsky): by end of September Final version of ST1 final report (Carsten Rode, Monika Woloszyn): by half of October Subtask 2: Experimental Analysis of moisture buffering (Staf Roels) 1. Round robin testing Staf Roels 1.1. Introduction Objectives Participants (15 partners) Test materials and test series Outline of the work 1.2. Water vapour transmission properties Test method and test conditions Overview of test set-ups Discussion of results 1.3. Ad- and desorption isotherm Test method and test conditions Discussion of results 1.4. Dynamical measurements 2. Moisture buffer capacity characterization Hans Janssen 2.1 Introduction ` 2.2 Examples of determination of MBV 2.3 Discussion on MBV 2.4 Towards a classification and design tool 2.5 Importance of hysteresis 3. Benchmark cases for verification and validation 3.1 Modelling exercise 1 Staf Roels 3.2 Modelling exercise 2 Chris James 4. Collection of data Staf Roels 4.1 Introduction and objectives 4.2 Material data sheets Reviewers: Deadlines: Thomas Bednar, Kaisa Svennberg, Michel De Paepe Contributions (Hans Janssen, Chris James): by end of May Final draft of ST2 final report (Staf Roels): by half of July Written review (Thomas Bednar, Kaisa Svennberg, Michel De Paepe): by end of September Final version of ST2 final report (Staf Roels): by half of October

7 Subtask 3: Boundary conditions (Chris Sanders & Kumar Kumaran) 1. Introduction 2. Internal environment Kumar Kumaran 3. External environment 3.1 Parameters and data sources Chris Sanders Climatic parameters Sources of data Variability Design years Climate change and its implications for HAM boundary conditions 3.2 Driving rain Bert Blocken Introduction Wind driven rain impact Contact and surface phenomena Common Exercises 3.3 Longwave radiation and under cooling Hugo Hens Introduction The theory revised Consequences Conclusions 4. Surface transport coefficients Michel De Paepe 4.1 Introduction Convection - flux laws Boundary conditions Dimensionless numbers 4.2 Heat transfer correlations External boundary layer on a semi infinite plate (analytical solution) Flow over buildings (experimental data) Free convection (Analytical solution) Computational Fluid Dynamics in different cases 4.3 Heat and mass transfer analogy Determination of the convective mass transfer coefficient Available analogies Conclusion 4.4 Experimental work on mass transfer coefficients Overview of experiments presented during the ANNEX Comparison and evaluation Conclusion 4.5 Conclusion and future work 4.6 Table of dimensionless number Reviewers: Deadlines: Hans Janssen, Carey Simonson, Angela Kalagasidis, Ian Ridley, Mike Davies Contributions (Bert Blocken, Michel De Paepe): by end of May Final draft of ST3 final report (Chris Sanders, Kumar Kumaran): by half of July Written review (Hans Janssen, Carey Simonson, Angela Kalagasidis, Ian Ridley, Mike Davies): by end of September Final version of ST3 final report ((Chris Sanders, Kumar Kumaran)): by half of October

8 Subtask 4: Applications (Andreas Holm) 1. Introduction 2. Different climate zones, different problems 3. Performance Indicators 3.1 Mould 3.2 Energy Consumption 3.3 Algees 4. Modeling Application for 4.1 Constructions Assemblies 4.2 Indoor Climate Design 4.3 Heating and Cooling Loads 5. Limits and Uncertainty 6. Benefits 7. Conclusion 8. Outlook

9 PLANNING OF FUTURE WORK Final reports of ST1, ST2, ST3 See above. Free papers Subtask 1, 2 & 3 Free papers are still appreciated in these subtasks, but they will however no longer be included in the subtask reports. Important new work can however still be presented. Due to limits in time, the upper limit lies at 3 papers per subtask, which will be selected by the subtask leader(s) concerned. Authors of free papers are hence requested to submit an abstract. Subtask 4 Free papers are invited. Focus subjects will be announced by Andreas Holm by , in the beginning of June. For organisational reasons, authors of free papers are requested to submit an abstract. 7. FUTURE MEETINGS - Autumn 2007 meeting: October , hosted by UP, Porto, Portugal (to be confirmed); - Closing session: June , at 8 th Symposium on Building Physics in the Nordic Countries, Copenhagen, Denmark; 8. FUTURE CONFERENCES - IAQVEC Conference, Sendai, Japan, October (2 hour session on Annex 41, with 8 invited papers; - Thermal Performance of the Exterior Envelopes of Whole Buildings X International Conference, Clearwater Beach, Florida, United States, December ; - 8 th Symposium on Building Physics in the Nordic Countries, Copenhagen, Denmark, June (additional day for Annex 41: June 19); - Fourth International Conference on Research in Building Physics, Istanbul, Turkey, 2009;