REPUBLIC OF YEMEN Ministry of Public Works and Highways (MPWH) Rural Access Program (RAP) Central Management Office (CMO)

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1 Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized E1067 V10 REPUBLIC OF YEMEN Ministry of Public Works and Highways (MPWH) Rural Access Program (RAP) Central Management Office (CMO) Executive Summary- English Version Environment and socia l Assessment (ESIA) Executive Summary with ESMP Tables during Construction and Operation Phases for Orod/Souq AI Horiah Road Project Second stage (7.3km) District: Shra'abAslam Governorate: Taiz Prepared by: E&SU- RAPCMO December 2013

2 ESlA report Aord/Souq AI Horiah road EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) study was carried out for the Construction of Orod/Souq AI Horiah Road (second stage), financed under IDA RAP2.The (ESIA) was prepared for the Ministry of Public Works and Highways (MPWH), represented by the Rural Access Program - Central Management Office (). The ESIA was carried out according to the guidelines set in the ESIAF Report, which is used by (). Orod/Souq AI Horiah road alignment (second stage) is located inshra'ab Aslam district on the Southern Highland of Yemen, Northwest oftaiz City (the Capital City oftaiz Governorate). The main objective of improving Orod/Souq AI Horiah road alignment (second stage) is to provide the only access for the isolated villages adjacent on the road alignment to outside services and markets. The construction of the road will make a significant difference in the quality of life of those tleprived villages along the road in a state of continuous suffering due to poor access to administration and other services. It is estimated that the road alignment serves an average of 42,500 people directly and an average of 65,000 people indirectly. The main economic activity is agriculture for most of the population. The proposed road will be constructed on the existing dirt road alignment. The site works will comprise the completion of the earthworks, drainage structures and protection works. It will also provide road pavement layers, including base course and asphalt concrete wearing course. The estimatedquantities of the proposed road are shown in details in table 3.2. Orod/Souq AI Horiah road alignment (second stage) will begin fromaiwadhyhah village on AI Amjuod area at km 20.0, which is considered the end point of Orod/Souq AI Horiahfirst stage. Orod/Souq AI Horiah road alignment (second stage) is split into three sections. The first section of the road alignment is 3.5km long and is considered as rolling to mountainous terrain. The second section of road alignment is 1.3km long and is defined as mountainous to escarpment on Naqeel AI A'aruoq. The third section of existing road alignment is 2.5km long and is considered as rolling to mountainous terrain. The road alignment ends at Souq AI Horiah market in Shra'ab Aslam district. The total length of the road alignment is approximately 7.3km. Thereare no principal concerns related to problems associated with land acquisition, because road the alignment is already excavated. Where there are pinch points in narrow places, they will be left unchanged to prevent land acquisition.

3 Orod/Souq AI Horiah road alignment (second stage) is classified as category (B) following the OP 4.0 l. This category is justified because the expected construction and paving works are limited to the existing dirt road alignment, the road section is 7.3km long, and the adverse environmental and social impacts are minor and temporary. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) in Yemen is enacted by the Environment Protection Law No. 26 of I995 (EPL). The provisions of this framework law are implemented through the Executive Regulations (By-Law ), issued by a decree of the Council of Ministers. In October 2002, the Environmental Protection Authority (EPA) issued the "Environment & Sustainable Investment Program (ESIP)", which constitutes the framework for the government's environmental policy of the next years. The construction oforod/souq AI Horiah road alignment is expected to cause number of potential negative impacts, which are low and of moderate intensity. The potential impacts were reviewed in the context of the Physical Environment, Biological Resources and Socio-economic and Cultural Setup. The expected construction related impacts that have identified during the assessment process are summarized below. -Temporary land use (i) Site for the storage of materials and equipment. This is a relatively minor problem in that; there is considerable flexibility from local councivbeneficiary community as to where these sites may be located. (ii) Diversion: In some cases where culverts are to be rehabilitated. This type of impact is considered as a minor, localized and reversible. -Slopes stabilization Slope stabilization is expected to occur in section 2 of the alignment in the mountain area (Naqeel AI Arouq at km 5.1). This impact is considered as local, temporary and reversible. -Management of construction camp During construction stage, solid and liquid waste, minor petroleum leakage and spills,domestic waste and facilities in the camp are expected. - Disposal of cut materials and surplus fill At km 3. 7 surplus materials from previous were left to the side of the road, which may damage the terraces located below the alignment. These materials could be used as fill material to level the road bed to reach design level. The impact is considering minor and reversible.

4 -Destruction of Water Pipes There are few water pipes located adjacent to road side such as at km2.7, km5.2 and km7.2.there is risk of damage to these pipes during the construction works. This would lead to temporary disruption of water supply to villages. -Discharge to Graveyards One Graveyard at km 1.5 was found on the right side of the alignment. During the previous contract, the top cover was removed by excavator machine causing the burial to be unstable. The impact is aggravated during rainy season when water flows and washes out top and side surface of the burial. This impact is considered minor, local and reversible. - Alteration of water harvesting patterns Water harvesting systems along the road are based on discharge to terraces from the mountain tops. Impacts on the water harvesting and irrigation systems should be reduced by proper longitudinal and cross drainage structures, including drains and culverts. The impact is considered major but reversible and mitigable. - Cross drainage and scour effects on new fills. This phenomenon was found at km 4.9 and 5.2) in section two on the road alignment. This impact is local and reversible. -Air quality and noise. The impact will be restricted to the construction site. Dust will be generated by earth works and vehicle movements. This will be a short-term impact that is limited primarily to the construction phase. It can be minimized by water spraying. -Biological Resources. There are no valuable or protected ecological assets along the road alignment. No significant damage to biological assets or vegetation are expected during the construction phase. - Road closures and detours. On section 2 of the road alignment it will be necessary to close the road for the public for certain periods with consequent adverse social and economic impacts on communities on both sides of the road. - Gender considerations A potential increase of road accidents and adverse impacts on water collection patterns were identified during women's consultations as major aspects of social concern. This threat should be solved through making road humps in addition to warning signs in pedestrian road crossing.

5 Positive socio-economic impacts of upgrading theroad alignment include: improved safety and comfort, stimulus to economic development, increased mobility, reduced travel time and transport costs, improved community cohesion and intercommunity cooperation and improved accessibility to social services and markets. Orod/Suoq AI Horiahroad is a very important development, which will provide the only access for the isolated villages to outside services and markets. The construction of the road will make a significant difference in the quality of life of these deprived villagers. The ESMP for Orod/Suoq AI Horiah road project consists of three components; Mitigation Plan, Monitoring Program and Institutional Arrangements. The Mitigation Plan includes measures to mitigate potential negative project impacts during construction and during normal maintenance of the road. These mitigation measures are summarized in the comprehensive ESMP tables. These tables are prepared for the Construction as well as Maintenance Phases. The ESMP tables identify also the official Organizations, which are responsible for implementation and monitoring of mitigation measures. Implementation of the Environmental and Social Management Plan will be the responsibility of the supervision consultant. Monitoring program is designed to provide quantitative assessments of environmental parameters during pre- and post-project implementation. The monitoring program comprises site inspection designed to determine contractor compliance or otherwise with the ESMP and other applicable regulations and statutes. The Environmental and Social Unit (E&SU) of the Rural Access Program Central Management Office (RAPCMO) will be responsible for implementing the environmental and social monitoring program. The study shows that the estimated total cost of the mitigation measures is in the range of 20 I,000 USD. These costs are relatively high given the difficult mountainous terrain, which the road alignment is crossing, the unstable slopes, agricultural terraces, water harvesting and irrigation systems in use. ln addition, the cost of the monitoring activities (primarily cost of full time monitoring specialist, car, fuel, and camera) is estimated to reach 30,000 USD. Thus the combined cost of the mitigation measures and the monitoring program reach 23 I,000 USD. This study concluded with the recommendation for the decision maker to proceed with the implementation of the road project with full consideration of the proposed ESMP, monitoring plan and the institutional arrangements.

6 SUMMARY OF ESMP DURING CONSTRUCTION PHASE Project Activity A. I Land Resources Mitiaatioas RetPODSibiUty Mltlptloa Meuures lmplemeotatioo Moaltoriog Quality CostUSD A.l.l Temporary land use Siting of site compounds, diversions Will be part of and haul roads: traffic management. the contract. Contractor & SFA obligation RE, BC& Bidders will be Contractor able to cost this item in their bids. A.l.2 Slope stabilization atstation Stabilize upslope in mountainous areas 4,350 Cu.m 5100 at Naqeel AI Arouq; design measures to Structural minimize adverse downstream impacts. Excavation 1300 walls, protection barriers or gabion 2,850 Cu.m 14,000 Contractor mesh works. Or to plant side slope with Stone grass and natural shrubs Such measures are to build retaining DE,RE& - RE 740Cu.m Boulder A.l.3 Contractor site compounds, Provision of adequate living and Project Officer Will be part of materials and equipment storage, (Solid sanitation facilities: adequate materials the contract. and Liquid Waste Disposal, management and safety plan; handover E&S Unit Bidders will be Management and Safety Plan for of rehabilitated compound site. The RE & Contractor - able to cost this Petroleum Products and Paving contractor is responsible to keep the item in their Material, Living and Sanitation camp clean from oil spill age and waste bids. Facilities, Rehabilitation of Site). disposal (liquid or solid). A.l.4 Disposal of cut materials and Controlled disposal of cut material and surplus fill- agricultural land surplus fill and enforce the contractor to destruction find suitable places such as vacant land RE & Contractor 8, 150 Cu.m 450 and to furnish this material so it won't have an impact on the environment. A.l.5 Borrow pits and quarry areas Prudent selection of site (Wadi AI A.2 Hydrology and Water Resources Afuosh-dry wadi bed); Management during use and need for reinstatement. A.2.1 Sources of construction water Appropriate sourcing of water and prior arrangements with communities. Gaining water is the responsibility of the contractor; he can buy from water pump station at 2800 or from the RE & Contractor 1,500 Cu.m 950 RE, BC& Contractor RE Project Officer E&S Unit 120 tanks 2,000 bottom of the wadi below the alignment. A.2.2 Pollution of water resources from Measures to prevent groundwater or solid or liquid disposal, diesel or oil surface water contamination. The spills from site compounds and provision of containers for camp waste machinery disposal and fueling and oil change in RE & Contractor - 2,000 specified location as a general practice.

7 Project Adivlty MitlutioDS ResDODslbility Mltlptioa Meuura Implementation Moaitorlag Quutity CostUSD A.2.3 Alteration of water harvesting Incorporate current water harvesting 4,350 Cu.m patterns at km 2.3. practi ces into design; use of irrigati on Structural pipes; improvement of channel Excavation 1300 performance by riprap work. RE & Contractor 250 Cu.m 3 1,150 Concrete 2 1, Cu.m Cyclo)>C_an A.2.4 Wadi cross drainage and scour Appropriate drainage design; use of 4,350 Cu.m effects on new fill at 4.9&5.2 culverts, Irish crossings, protection Structural walls, riprap, side drainage ditches and Excavation outlets; and planting. 250 Cu.m Concrete RE & Contractor 41 0Cu.m Cyclopean 300Cu.m Gabions A.2.6 Discharge to: Appropriate positioning and design of 4,350 Cu.m - New fi ll drainage structures: protection walls or Structural Unstable slopes riprap. Excavation - Graveyards RE & Contractor 2,850 Cu.m 14,000 -Agriculture terraces at km Stone 740Cu.m 8250 Boulder A.3 Air Quality and Noise A.3.1 Dust & potential pollutants from Water spraying during maintenances; Water incl. in construction machinery, stored material ti re washing, dust emission controls on A.2.1. and spoil heaps crushers and other equipment; Otherwise, will Preferably, locate heaps away from be part of the communities and farmlands; cover contract. Bidders RE material-laden trucks: control of will be able to fugitive dust during material delivery. cost this item in Project Officer their bids. A.3.2 Noise Nuisance Noise control devices (such as Wi ll be part of E&S Unit silencers) on compressors, percussion the contract. tools; avoid equipment use after Bidders will be RE & Contractor working hours. - able to cost this RE & Contractor - II item in thei r A.4 Socio-Econo mic and Cultural Resources A.5.3 Destruction or relocation of Relocation of util ity as a pay item utility services (water pipes). At km 5.2 and km 7.2 incl uded in the sub-project cost. RE & Contractor 1,000 1/m 7, , ,500 9,700 bids.

8 Project Activity A.5.4 Public health and safety at Safety rules for work maintenances, construction site such as equipment maintenance procedures, protective hard hats, shoes -Safety and health for the construction and clothing for workers; first aid and workers. medical kits and procedures; health and safety regulations clearly displayed in Engl ish and Arabic. -Public safety at the site and interaction Public health and safety measures, such between the workers and the public (e as barriers and warning signs to borrow specially schoolchildren in the village areas or other dangerous zones; speed of Alwadhyhah). limits, traffic signs, speed bumps, safe Mltlutioas RaooaalbiUIY Mltlgatioll Measures lmplemealadoa Moaitorlq passages. Information campaigns on health I practices and communicable diseases. Quaadty ColtUSD Will be part of the contract. Bidders will be RE & Contractor - able to cost this item in their bids. A.5.5 Graveyards and burials at km 1.5 Avoid disturbance through the use of 4,350 Cu.m stone pavement to safe burials; and Structural avoid drainage flooding and use barriers RE Excavation 1300 during construction. RE & Contractor Project Officer 2,850 Cu.m 14,000 Stone E&S Unit Cu.m Boulder A.5.6 Chance finds of Cultural Will be part of Application of Chance Find Procedures Resources or other socio-economic the contract. to assess requirements and implement resources Bidders will be mitigation. RE & Contractor - able to cost this item in their bids. A Gender considerations Women's consultations and incorporate Will be part of concerns into ESMP. Most of the the contract. concerns were to implement humps RE & Contractor Bidders will be near crossings to schools or daily - able to cost this women activities, install warning signs item in their and some protection barriers. bids. A.5.8 Employment Mechanisms to maximize local employment benefits explored during RE & Contractor - No cost consultations. TOTAL ESTIMATED COST OF MITIGATION MEASURES: 201,000 '

9 . SUMMARYOF ESMP DURING MAINTENANCE PHASE ~_... ~--, ~.. ":""'- :~ _~_,.,_,_. B. I Land Resources. ::.' <;,..... J'.t:... _t;:.. _,._: r -, ~t B.l. l Slope stabilization Regular maintenance of stabilization measures; protection works B. l.2 Agricultural land or terrace Controlled disposal of cut and fill during damage during maintenance maintenance. Contractor Road Controlled equipment operations. B.l.3 Maintenance contractor site Provision of adequate living and sanitation facilities. Authority Fund compounds, materials and Adequate materials management and safety plan: equipment storage Limitation of construction site. B.l.4 Management of induced Land use planning and zoning for intersections and development village extensions. B.2 Hydrology and Water Resources B.2.1 Water harvesting Regular maintenance of water harvesting structures. &Local Maintenance B.2.2 Blockage of cross Regular maintenance of drainage structures. Drains/culverts Avoid uncontrolled community discharges. Uncontrolled discharge B.2.3 Erosion of road platform from Maintenance of retaining structures, such as walls, &Local Maintenance drainage discharge gab ions, riprap; planting of shrubs and grasses. B.2.4 Pollution from vehicle diesel Timely clean up fo llowing accidents. Authority Fund and oil spills or accidents with hazardous cargo. B.3 Air Quality and Noise B.3.1 Air pollution from increased Vehicle maintenance; enforcement of emission Ministry of traffic controls; lead free fuels. B.3.2 Noise Nuisance Speed controls in populated areas; signs and warnings in sensitive areas; driver information/education campaigns. B. 4 Biological Resources Contractor Road Transport B.4.1 Increased pressure on Maintenance of speed reduction measures, signs and biological resources from induced warnings; planned development of growth areas; Contractor development educational campaigns. &Local Maintenance - Animal road kill Authority Fund - Destruction of vegetation B.S Socio-Economic and Cultural Resources N.A. Road B.S.l Increased road accidents Maintenance of speed reduction measures, signs and warnings; Information campaigns to drivers and at villages. B. 5.2 Public health and safety Safety rules for work operations, such as equipment during maintenance operation procedures, safety barriers, warning signs, protective hard hats, shoes and clothing for workers; -Maintenance works site risks to first aid and medical kits and procedures: appointment workers and the public of Safety Officer. Authority Fund In formation campaigns on health practices and Contractor &Local -Health risks from compound communicable diseases; sanitation and communicable Health and safety regulations clearly displayed in diseases English and Arabic. B.5.3 SocioEconomic Benefits Monitoring of benefits. Consultants, E&SU (' Road Maintenance

10 8.5.4 If Chance finds of Cultural Application of Chance Find Procedures to assess Resources or other socio-economic requirements and implement mitigation. resources GOAMM Contractor RMF&