ConWEEB Workshop. ConWEEB - Converting construction waste into energy-efficient buildings Brussels, 24 th May 2018

Transcription

1 ConWEEB Workshop ConWEEB - Converting construction waste into energy-efficient buildings Brussels, 24 th May 2018

2 Project This project has received funding from the European Union s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No Converting the Construction & Demolition Waste into the Secondary Raw Materials with preliminary cost analysis Coordinator: Adriana Bernardi CNR ISAC Presenters: CNR-ICMATE, ECO, ZAG, IZNAB Work Programme topics addressed: EeB New technologies and strategies for the development of pre-fabricated elements through the reuse and recycling of construction materials and structures Project number: Project cost: 3.36 million Starting month: October 2016 Project Duration: 4 years

3 Methodology of CDW recycling Construction and Demolition Waste (CDW) CDW typically comprises inert mineral materials (concrete, bricks, tiles and ceramics, etc.) There might be smaller amounts of other components (e.g. wood, glass, plasterboard, bituminous mixtures and tar) CDW accounts for approximately 25% - 30% of all the waste generated in the EU Construction 34.7 In EU-28 The CDW stream is about billion tons per year source: eurostat

4 Methodology of CDW recycling From waste to construction products Performance of construction products, including products from recycled materials, is covered by CPR - The Construction Product Regulation. CDW used for InnoWEE products Waste type European List of Waste Waste status Waste code Concrete Non-hazardous Bricks Non-hazardous Wood - untreated Non-hazardous Glass - uncontaminated Non-hazardous Waste materials cease to be waste after processing into products, and when fulfill the number of specific criteria. Technical requirements for the use of CDW for construction purposes are regulated under the CPR.

5 Methodology of CDW recycling From waste to construction products Basic requirements for construction works 1. Mechanical resistance and stability 2. Safety in case of fire 3. Hygiene, health and environment 4. Safety and accessibility in use 5. Protection against noise 6. Energy economy and heat retention 7. Sustainable use of natural resources Essential characteristics and performance of construction product Defined in harmonised standards or other technical specifications (EAD, national documents)

6 Methodology of CDW recycling Waste identification, source separation and collection Improved collection of goods for re-use and recycling requires selective demolition and appropriate on-site operations as well (EC 2016) First step: PRE-DEMOLITION AUDITS What materials? source: European Commission, 2016 Identify all materials to be generated, and estimate quantities Understand what has to be separated at source (e.g. hazardous waste), what can be used/recycled, how waste will be managed

7 Methodology of CDW recycling Waste identification, source separation and collection Second step: WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN How? how the different steps of the demolition will be performed; by whom; which materials will be collected selectively at source; how they will be transported; what will be the recycling, re-use or final treatment; how to follow up. source: European Commission, 2016

8 Methodology of CDW recycling Waste identification, source separation and collection Third step: SELECTIVE DEMOLITION Typical procedure (source: EC 2016) hazardous waste separation; deconstruction (dismantling including separation of side streams and fixation materials); separation of fixation materials; structural or mechanical demolition. Materials should be kept separated

9 Methodology of CDW recycling Waste identification, source separation and collection Fourth step: PROCESSING AND TREATMENT Many options exist, in accordance with the waste hierarchy preparation for re-use; recycling; material recovery; energy recovery Waste hierarchy legally binding! (source: JRC 2011) WFD: Waste Framework Directive

10 Methodology of CDW recycling Former process at ECO Secondary Raw Materials (SRM) for backfilling A visual check is performed first, to remove unwanted residues (plastic, wood parts, etc.). The remaining wastes are blended together, larger parts are crushed and stored around the raised embankment. Then, materials are fed into the screen. A first magnetic separator is located in correspondence of the screen to collect possible metal scraps. The grosser fraction feeds the jaw crusher and, after the size reduction, a second magnetic separation is carried out. The processed material is stored, awaiting for required verifications and, then, marketed.

11 Pilot production line for InnoWEE SRM Modified layout/processing CDWs coming from the sites of demolition are fed into the jaw crusher that reduces their size to 0/60 mm. The fraction 30/60 mm is subsequently processed to produce InnoWEE SRM by means of the new mill, which grinds the input material to a size of 0/2 mm.

12 Pilot production line for InnoWEE SRM Modified layout/processing A further refinement by a second screen may be necessary to meet the required dimensional range. The use of the 30/60 mm fraction for the production of InnoWEE SRM is based on its generally low content of soil, organic substances, etc. The final milling is supposed to grant sharpness to the aggregates, thus improving the adhesion to the matrix.

13 Pilot production line for InnoWEE SRM The new mill for inorganic wastes The rented hammer-mill is able to process 4 to 9 ton/h of aggregates with a maximum input size of 80 mm. The rate of produced SRM depends upon the hardness of the input materials and the desired fineness of the output aggregates. The output size depends upon the engine revolutions per minute and the spacing of the screen at the discharge chute.

14 Pilot production line for InnoWEE SRM Wood shredder The wood shredder chosen by ECO is a combustion engine tool with a power of 11 HP, equipped with 2 main blades and 8 chipper knives. The power transmission between engine and cutting body is achieved by 2 belts. It can be fed, for example, with waste coming from pallets, carpentry boards, roof construction scraps, etc., free from metal elements (nails, screws, staples, etc.) and not larger than 7 cm. The output material consists of flakes and chips, with variable shape according to hardness and moisture content of the inserted wood.

15 Pilot production line for InnoWEE SRM Requirements of the new permit Construction works Based on the reports of the external consultants, ECO identified two construction works required to comply with the environmental prescriptions provided by the permit: o sound-absorbent barrier at the South border, close to the processing area; o new pavement and water treatment system. The sound-absorbent barrier is an embankment about 5 m high and 6-8 m wide, made of recycled materials. Involved area The new pavement, together with the water treatment system and the detention basin, will assure the compliance with the local Water Protection Plan in force.

16 Pilot production line for InnoWEE SRM Analyses and qualification macroscopic composition of inorganic waste; mineralogical and chemical quantitative phase analyses (QPA); Particle Size Distribution (PSD) and specific surface area; density, loose bulk density and water absorption; leaching tests; geopolymeric reactivity; carbonates, chlorides and sulphates; etc.

17 Pilot production line for InnoWEE SRM Example of characterisation of CDW fractions Chemical parameters Sulphate and chloride contents, influencing the durability of final products, are low. The relevant product standards state a declared value. Physical parameters CDW fraction 1-2 mm Organic substances concrete mortar brick glass Loose bulk density (kg/m 3 ) Water absorption (%) The total contents of organic parameters of the CDW fractions are far below the limit values set for use of waste-derived aggregates. CDW fraction 1-2 mm concrete mortar brick glass PAH - SUM, mg/kg d.s. <1 <1 <1 <1 PCB - SUM, mg/kg d.s. <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 Leaching criteria Limit values for PAH - polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are set by individual MS - up to 6 mg/g d.s. or even higher is allowed. In most of MS leaching criteria for PCB - polychlorinated biphenyls are set to < 1 mg/g d.s.

18 Preliminary cost analysis of SRM Types of costs in InnoWEE SRM production LCCA Research & Development Investment Operation & Maintenance Phaseout & Disposal Program management Equipment installation / implementation Operation Maintenance Engineering design Execution of project Fuel consumption Maintenence personel Equipment development & test Rent Spares / repair parts Transportation Test & Support equipment Maintenance & suport facilities

19 Preliminary cost analysis of SRM Cost analysis of InnoWEE SRM Evaluation of the cost of secondary raw materials used for geopolymer production 1.5 for a ton of mixed CDW Losses of the product during processing can cost 0.3 /t - 3 /t 2.7 for a ton of wood chips Max. distance of CDW transport 50 km To ensure the competitive price for current market SRM + transport v < 10/t

20 THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION Methodology for CDW recycling Sergio Tamburini National Research Council of Italy Institute of Condensed Matter Chemistry and Energy Technologies (CNR ICMATE) Pilot production line for InnoWEE SRM Mirco Bordignon Guidolin Giuseppe ECO. G. SLR (ECO) Chemical analysis of CDW Sabina Kramar Slovenian National Building and Civil Engineering Institute (ZAG) Preliminary cost analysis of SRM Jakub Pluta IZNAB SPOLKA Z OGRANICZONA ODPOWIEDZIALNOSCIA (IZNAB) jakub.pluta@iznab.pl This project has received funding from the European Union s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No