8/13/18. County Environmental Compliance. Counties have a Key Role in Environmental Planning and Compliance. How Will Your Community Grow?

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1 Conty Environmental Compliance Conties have a Key Role in Environmental Planning and Compliance 39,000 local governments arond the contry make daily decisions that impact Environmental Qality Examples: Siting and Types of Private Development Pblic Infrastrctre Planning and Fnding Decisions abot Land Use development to accommodate transportation, hosing, workforce and edcation needs Water and Sewer Waste Management How Will Yor Commnity Grow? Costs Polltion Mitigation Cleanp and Development of Brownfields Infrastrctre Improvements Capital Improvements Development and Rese Preparedness Reglatory Compliance Air Land Water Needs Strong Economy Workforce and Employment Training Good Jobs Financial Well-Being Affordable Places to Live Cost Effective Government Affordable Pblic Works Services Preservation of Farming and Forestry Stronger Commnities Great Places Healthy lifestyles Challenge to balance needs and costs-- both crrent and ftre. Healthy environment Qality of Life 1

2 CTAS Role To help conties nderstand how federal environmental reglations are implemented at the state and local level. Environmental reglations impact: Solid Waste Departments, Highway Departments, Pblic Works Departments, Stormwater Departments, Planning Departments and Regional and State Transportation Organizations Water Water Qantity Water Qality Sorce Water Protection Safe Water Drinking Act and Sorce Water Protection The Safe Water Drinking Act (1974) establishes maximm contaminate levels and standards for metals, corrosiveness, trbidity, along with addressing wellhead protection. Reqires large water sppliers to inform cstomers abot where their water comes from, any contaminants in the water, and how their water compares to health standards. Pblic water systems mst demonstrate adeqate financial, technical, and management capacity. Abot ½ of US drinking water is from srface water, abot ½ from Grondwater. However, in rral America grond water acconts for abot 90 percent of the overall water spply. Leaking pipes reslt in the loss of an estimated 17% of America s annal potable water se. EPA estimates that commnity water systems will need to invest almost 400 billion in the next two decades for installing and pgrading water systems. 2

3 8/13/18 Clean Water Act 1972 Administered by EPA, bt day-to-day reglation mainly carried ot by states EPA sets water-qality ratings, a waterbody rated less than Class B is considered Impaired EPA also establishes water qality standards, sch as swimmable and fishable (Class A and B) Reqires states to list the designated ses of a water body Clean Water Act Reqirements for US States Have a plan to maintain water qality Protect against the degradation of high-qality waters and water bodies that already meet the fishable/swimmable standards Clean p pollted or impaired waterways EPA allows states to set standards for se other than drinking. Unlike Clean Air Act Clean Water Act Sections There are mltiple programs within the Clean Water Act Section 201 Constrction of Pblic Sewage Treatment Plants Reglatory Components Section 208 Standards and plans for controlling polltion Section 303(d) Allowed Total Maximm Daily Loads for polltants Section 319 Grants for control of nonpoint polltion Section 402 Stormwater and NPDES Permits Section 404--Wetlands Reglatory Agencies: TDEC, TVA, Corps of Engineers, Dept of Agricltre, MS4 s 3

4 Clean Water Act Section: NPDES Permits for StormWater Discharge, Phase I & Phase II Phase I of this federal program was implemented in Phase I sed a permit system to reglate storm water discharges from larger cities and constrction projects. In 2000, TDEC expanded Phase I by reqiring conties, cities, and additional other parties to implement programs and practices to control stormwater rnoff (Phase II). This primarily applies to the 20 larger conties and cities within. If yo are named, yo need a Permit and Plan Clean Water Act Section: NPDES Coverage for Conty Pblic Works Programs Typically, to obtain athorization to discharge nder a constrction general permit, a discharger (any owners and operators of the constrction site; typically, a developer, bilder, and/or contractor) sbmits to the permitting athority a Notice of Intent (NOI) to be covered nder the general permit. An NOI is not a permit or a permit application, bt by sbmitting the NOI, the discharger acknowledges that it is eligible for coverage nder the general permit and that it agrees to the conditions in the pblished general permit. Discharges associated with the constrction activity are athorized consistent with the terms and conditions established in the general permit. Constrction, Conveyances, and Stream Alteration Clean Water Act Section: Srface Rn Off (Non- Point Sorce Polltion) Conties mst notify the Division of Water Polltion Control to receive a permit for grbbing, clearing, grading or excavation of 1 or more acres of land Best Practices reqire constrction activities to minimize water qality impact by redcing rnoff. Bare soils contribte to rnoff increase likelihood of flooding lead to impaired stream designation reslt in permit violations Between percent of water polltion comes from nonpoint sorces. 4

5 Clean Water Act Section: MS4 Program (Mnicipal Separate Storm Sewer System ) US has two main types of pblic sewer systems: Combined sewer systems and sanitary sewer systems. A combined sewer system collects waste water form homes and bsinesses as well as stormwater and snowmelt throgh street grates and sends those waters throgh a single pipe to a sewage treatment plant. Fond mainly in older cities. When excess rainfall occrs, these systems over flow and bypass the treatment processes, releasing raw sewage back to srface waters. US still has almost 1000 CSO s. Clean Water Act Section: MS4 Program and Separate Systems Modern systems are Separate, meaning Sewage is collected separate from Stormwater. Areas covered by SSS s often have a mnicipal separate storm sewer system (MS4) to collect and convey rnoff from rainfall. The stormwater is typically ntreated and directed back to waterways. Nationwide, almost 16,000 systems. MS4 operators mst obtain a NPDES permit. CSO s and SSO s are permitted as point sorces of water polltion. Clean Water Act Section: Water Polltion Control Abot 40 percent of America s waterways are not fit for swimming or fishing. Bacteria and sediment are the most common polltants in rivers and streams. Water Polltion comes from Point sorces: Stationary and easily identified. End of pipe And Nonpoint Sorces: Dispersed and not in a fixed location. Harder to identify, measre, control. Point Sorce Polltants... are identifiable sorces of polltion sch as a pipe or ditch from a mnicipal or indstrial wastewater treatment facility. Non-Point Sorce Polltants... created when rnoff flows over or throgh the grond and picks p polltants Siltation 5

6 Applies to All Conties in Tennessee Certain Conty Facilities may need a Stormwater Polltion Prevention Plan (SWPPP) Smmary: How Conties Implement Water Qality Standards Throgh MS4 s and Stormwater Ordinances Throgh Pblic Works Best Practices: Erosion Control, Polltion Prevention Measres Throgh Development Permitting: Constrction and Post Constrction Practices Throgh Rral Conty Conservation Districts and Natral Resorces Conservation Service (NRCS): BMP s for Agricltre Throgh Zoning and Zoning Overlays: can reqire development to locate away from high-qality water bodies, impaired waterways, or wellhead protection areas. Can restrict steep slope developments, reqire setbacks, determine Septic Drain locations, and control Landfill and other Indstrial siting. Throgh Sbdivision reglations: Dring and Post Constrction Developers are reqired to have Stormwater management and Erosion and Sediment Controls. Solid Waste Management 6

7 MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE Consists of hosehold garbage, indstrial waste, hazardos waste, and constrction waste. If not handled properly can become breeding grond for pests and generate pollted rnoff. Disposing of waste is not cheap, and the cost of disposing of solid waste contines to increase. Managing hosehold waste is typically the third-largest component of a local government bdget after edcation and pblic safety. 19 Costs of Solid Waste Management Americans generate abot 4.43 ponds of waste/day Americans pay abot $44 per ton to bry garbage compared to $ tons in Germany/Japan Disposal of Mnicipal Solid Waste The Resorce Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) 1976 set standards for the constrction, operation, closre, and postclosre maintenance of landfills. As a reslt, the nmber of landfills in Tennessee decreased dramatically from almost 158 in 1988 to 36 active now. The siting of new landfills is an important land-se isse for local commnities. 7

8 Fll Cost Acconting Encoraged, bt not widely adopted Costs are monitored: Front-end costs to create, operate, and backend costs are added Acconts for acqisition of eqipment and materials Siting and constrction of facilities Collection, processing, and marketing of recycling Transportation Operation and maintenance of facilities Cleanp of illegal dmps Landfill closre/post closre monitoring Program promotion and Administration Solid Waste Management Act of 1991 Conty Responsibilities: Proper management of solid waste collection, transfer, transport, processing, and disposal Incldes recycling, diversion, waste tire management and problem waste collection. Solid Waste Region Responsibilities: Mst have Solid Waste Plan Mst meet 25% Waste Redction Goal Mst provide for Commnity Edcation Collection, Transportation and Disposal Each conty mst assre that a collection system is available to all residents. Type collection system How transported Where disposed How financed 8

9 Waste Redction/Recycling Conties mst divert 25% of Waste (T.C.A ) Methods for calclating waste redction (T.C.A ) Restrictive Wastes Whole tires are banned from Tennessee landfills Other problem wastes inclde oil, batteries, and E-wastes Hosehold Hazardos Waste collection events are fnded by TDEC and can serve as participatory commnity events Financing Solid Waste Sorces: Solid Waste Management Fnd (T.C.A ) Local Fnding Options (T.C.A ) Used Oil Collection Fnd (T.C.A ) Programs: Recycling Rebate (11 conties) Recycling Eqipment/Hb Grants Used Oil Recycling Waste Tire Fnding (as of 2014) Hosehold Hazardos Waste Event Fnding 9

10 Financing Solid Waste Solid Waste Management Fnd (T.C.A ) Local Fnding Options (T.C.A ) Used Oil Collection Fnd (T.C.A ) Waste Tire Fnding (T.C.A ) Recycling Rebate (five most poplos conties according to the annal censs) Grants: Recycling Eqipment Material Recovery Facility Used Oil Development Districts Hosehold Hazardos Waste Planning Grants How CTAS can help.. Technical Assistance Areas Facility Siting and Reglatory Isses Waste Redction Bids and Eqipment Specification Cost Effectiveness Benchmarking Safety CTAS Consltants Mike Stooksberry West/Western Middle TN Kim Raia East/Eastern Middle TN Office: (731) Cell: (731) Office: (865) Cell: (865)