Chasing 2030 : M echanical Mechanical S trat S e trat gies for H ospitals Hospitals NOVEMBER 11, 2015 Ch i as 2030 ng : Hospit l a s

Transcription

1 Chasing 2030: Mechanical Strategies for Hospitals NOVEMBER 11, 2015 Ch i 2030: Chasing 2030 H Hospitals it l

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3 CHASING 2030: MECHANICAL STRATEGIES FOR HOSPITALS 1. Develop a deeper understanding of what site energy, source energy and EUI represent. 2. Illustrate energy performance of two recently designed critical access hospitals and a 90- bed hospital. 3. Explain the idea of decoupling the mechanical distribution system and illustrate strategies for accomplishing this principle. 4. Explain the efficiencies and flexibilities of having a water-based system stem for heating and cooling. 5. Demonstrate how a recently completed critical access hospital could improve its energy performance if more efficient mechanical strategies were in place. 6. Discuss costs and paybacks for these more efficient mechanical strategies.

4 CHASING 2030: MECHANICAL STRATEGIES FOR HOSPITALS Paul Riemer, PE, LEED AP BD+C, Dunham Associates Dale Holland, PE, LEED AP BD+C, Dunham Associates Lee Tapper, PE, LEED AP, MEP Associates Steve e Busse, AIA, LEED AP, BWBR Chris Fischer, AIA, LEED AP BD+C, BWBR

5 Schadegg, Egan, and Metro Mechanical THANK YOU!

6 TODAY S FOCUS Necessity Strategies Savings Timing

7 Necessity Background and Case Studies

8 WHY HOSPITALS? HEALTH CARE USES S 5% OF TOTAL US ENERGY Greenbuild Seminar : Targeting 100 : A National High Performance Hospital Model; Joel Loveland and Heather Burpee, Univ. of Washington, Duncan Griffin, NBBJ; 2012.

9 WHY HOSPITALS? 24/7 operations = higher yearly energy costs Diverse program requires multiple HVAC strategies Health care growth in the near future Detailed constraints on temperature and humidity

10 ESTABLISHING A BASELINE How do we measure a building s energy use? Energy Use Intensity (EUI) annual energy consumption of all streams(electric, gas, etc.) per square foot Site Energy amount of energy consumed by a building (reflected in utility bills) Source Energy more accurate measure of building s energy footprint, includes energy lost during production, transmission, and delivery An Architect s Guide to Integrating Energy Modeling in the Design Process; The American Institute of Architects; 2012.

11 ESTABLISHING A BASELINE Challenge - Our Guideline

12 ESTABLISHING A BASELINE SOURCE ENERGY DataTrends: Energy Use Benchmarking; Energy Star Portfolio Manager, United State Environmental Protection Agency; October 2012.

13 ESTABLISHING A BASELINE SITE ENERGY Site EU I kbtu/ /SF/yr Target Finder 2012 Target Finder 2015 Goal: 70% Reduction 75 kbtu/sf/year Seattle Chicago New York Los Angeles Phoenix Houston Targeting 100!; University of Washington; 2012

14 THEGOAL FOR (kbtu/f ft2) EUI % NE 50 0 BAS SELI 30% Average US Hospital Case Study Hospital Target

15 CASE STUDY Maple Grove Hospital Maple Grove, MN 231,000 SF 90-bed hospital Designed 2006, construction complete December 2009 STRATEGIES R-26 roof insulation s Architectural High performance glazing Variable frequency drives HVAC Cooling pumps and tower Mechanical Water-cooled chiller Condensing Boiler Multiple lighting sensors and dimming strategies Electrical

16 CASE STUDY Maple Grove Hospital Site EUI EUI (kbtu/ft t 2 ) Data fro m actu ual usag ge GR ROV VE 70% NE ELI BAS MAP PLE 30% Average US Hospital Case Study Hospital Target

17 CASE STUDY Jamestown Regional Medical Center Jamestown, ND 119,535 SF 25-bed hospital Designed 2009 Construction complete July 2011 STRATEGIES 3 insulation thickness (in lieu of 2 ) s Architectural East-West building orientation Variable frequency drives HVAC Cooling pumps and tower Mechanical Dry coolers for winter cooling High efficiency condensing water heaters Utilized lighting controls Electrical LED night-lighting

18 CASE STUDY Jamestown Regional Medical Center Site EUI Site EU UI (kbtu u/ft 2 ) BAS SELI INE Data fr rom act tual usa age JAM MES STO OW N 70% 75 30% Average US Hospital Case Study Hospital Target

19 CASE STUDY Mayo Clinic Health System Cannon Falls Cannon Falls, MN 89,252 SF 15-bed Critical Access Hospital Designed 2012, construction ction complete July 2014 STRATEGIES Air cooled chiller Condensing boilers Conventional VAV boxes Airflow varied down to 40-50% flow Hot water reheat Perimeter radiation for envelope heating loads

20 CASE STUDY Mayo Clinic Health System Cannon Falls Site EUI % 2 ) EUI (k kbtu/ft LLS NE ELI BAS Modele ed data FA CAN NNO ON 30% Average US Hospital Case Study Hospital Target

21 Strategies Understanding di of Systems

22 MAXIMIZING ENERGY USE

23 MECHANICAL STRATEGIES Central Plant Decrease fan power requirements Create heating/cooling synergies Distribution Decouple ventilation from heating and cooling loads Fan coils Chilled beams Optimize Systems Create hybrids based on location Local climate Site conditions

24 WHY ARE WE LOOKING AT HVAC? Heating, cooling, and ventilation account for a large percentage of a hospital s energy profile. Site Energy

25 HOSPITAL ENERGY FLOW DIAGRAM

26 HOSPITAL ENERGY FLOW DIAGRAM

27 HOSPITAL ENERGY FLOW DIAGRAM

28 HOSPITAL ENERGY FLOW DIAGRAM

29 HOSPITAL ENERGY FLOW DIAGRAM WT PV

30 DISTRIBUTION STRATEGIES DECOUPLE Conventional systems distribute conditioned air (heated, cooled) and air for ventilation together via air ducts Decoupling: separate/detach heating and cooling from ventilation

31 DECOUPLING Mechanically speaking, a space requires two things: SPACE CONDITIONING & VENTILATION STANDARD VAV SYSTEM WE NEED TO ISOLATE THE TWO EVENTS TO SAVE ENERGY

32 DECOUPLING Mechanically speaking, a space requires two things: SPACE CONDITIONING & VENTILATION DECOUPLED FAN COIL SYSTEM WE NEED TO ISOLATE THE TWO EVENTS TO SAVE ENERGY CHILLED WATER AND HOT WATER FROM PLANT

33 DECOUPLING Mechanically speaking, a space requires two things: SPACE CONDITIONING & VENTILATION ACTIVE CHILLED BEAM SYSTEM WE NEED TO ISOLATE THE TWO EVENTS TO SAVE ENERGY CHILLED WATER AND HOT WATER FROM PLANT

34 CHILLED BEAM

35 DECOUPLING SPACE PLANNING FOR FAN COIL UNITS

36 DECOUPLING SPACE PLANNING FOR FAN COIL UNITS

37 DECOUPLING Advantages: Allows us to heat and cool with water, instead of air Water has 4 times more thermal capacity than air Water is 25 times more thermally conductive than air Takes less fan/pump energy to distribute energy Air distribution for ventilation only Smaller duct sizes Smaller plenum sizes Enhances the opportunity for airside id heat recovery from the exhaust stream

38 Strategies Implementation ti of Systems

39 CASE STUDY Mayo Clinic Health System Cannon Falls Cannon Falls, MN 89,252 SF 15-bed Critical Access Hospital Designed 2012, construction ction complete July 2014 Baseline Energy Use As-Designed Normalized for 2015 Electrical Code Compare to series of options Distribution system options Central plant options

40 CASE STUDY Mayo Clinic Health System Cannon Falls Site EUI Modele ed data FA LLS CAN NNO ON 2 ) EUI (k kbtu/ft ata LLS lized da 70% NE ELI BAS Norma FA CAN NNO ON 30% Average US Hospital Case Study Hospital Target

41 CASE STUDY Mayo Clinic Health System Cannon Falls Cannon Falls, MN 89,252 SF 15-bed Critical Access Hospital Program Elements

42 CASE STUDY Mayo Clinic Health System Cannon Falls Cannon Falls, MN 89,252 SF 15-bed Critical Access Hospital Program Elements Unable to change distribution system in certain spaces Operating Room Ambulance Garage Mechanical

43 CASE STUDY Mayo Clinic Health System Cannon Falls Cannon Falls, MN 89,252 SF 15-bed Critical Access Hospital Program Elements Unable to change distribution system in certain spaces Operating Room Ambulance Garage Mechanical Identified where distribution systems could be decoupled: Patient Room Wing Clinic Admin Conference & Support Lobby Admit Lab Emergency Department Kitchen Dining

44 CASE STUDY Mayo Clinic Health System Cannon Falls Cannon Falls, MN 89,252 SF 15-bed Critical Access Hospital Distribution Options Patient Room and Non-Critical Spaces Options Option 1 Conventional VAV Option 2 Four Pipe Fan Coils Option 3 Four Pipe Fan Coils with Displacement Ventilation Option 4 Active Chilled Beams Option 5 Water to Air Heat Pumps (Tabled) Option 6 Water to Air Heat Pumps with Displacement Ventilation

45 CASE STUDY Mayo Clinic Health System Cannon Falls Cannon Falls, MN 89,252 SF 15-bed Critical Access Hospital Central Plant Options Patient Room and Non-Critical Spaces Options Option A DX Cooling and Condensing Boilers Option B Air Cooled Chillers and Condensing Boilers Option C Water Cooled Chiller and Condensing Boilers Option D Water to Water Heat Pumps with Geothermal Well Field Option E Water to Air Heat Pumps with Geothermal Well Field (Tabled) Option F Water to Air Heat Pumps with Fluid Cooler and Condensing Boiler (Tabled) Option G District Energy (Tabled)

46 CASE STUDY Mayo Clinic Health System Cannon Falls Cannon Falls, MN 89,252 SF 15-bed Critical Access Hospital Combination Matrix

47 CASE STUDY Mayo Clinic Health System Cannon Falls Cannon Falls, MN 89,252 SF 15-bed Critical Access Hospital Combination Matrix

48 Savings Energy and Capital

49 CASE STUDY Mayo Clinic Health System Cannon Falls Cannon Falls, MN 89,252 SF 15-bed Critical Access Hospital Designed 2012, construction ction complete July 2014 Findings

50 CASE STUDY Mayo Clinic Health System Cannon Falls Cannon Falls, MN 89,252 SF 15-bed Critical Access Hospital Designed 2012, construction ction complete July 2014 Findings 75 B1 A1 C2 C4 D1 D4 D3

51 CASE STUDY Mayo Clinic Health System Cannon Falls Site EUI A1 250 Distribution System VAV with Hot Water Reheat 70% Conventional VAV Boxes Airflow Varied Down to 40-50% Flow 150 Hot Water Reheat 75 Perimeter Radiation for Envelope Heating Loads 100 Central Plant DX Cooling & Condensing Boilers 2 ) EUI (k kbtu/ft NE ELI BAS LLS FA CAN NNO ON 30% Average US Hospital Case Study Hospital Target

52 CASE STUDY Mayo Clinic Health System Cannon Falls Site EUI 300 C4 250 Distribution System Active Chilled Beams Perimeter Radiation for Envelope Heating Loads 150 Dedicated Outdoor Air System with Enthalpy apy Heat Recovery e Central Plant Water Cooled Chiller & Condensing Boilers EUI (k kbtu/ft 2 ) ) 70% 50 0 NE ELI BAS CAN NNO ON FALL LS 30% Average US Hospital Case Study Hospital Target

53 CASE STUDY Mayo Clinic Health System Cannon Falls Site EUI 300 D4 250 Distribution System Active Chilled Beams 70% Perimeter Radiation for Envelope Heating Loads Dedicated Outdoor Air System with Enthalpy apy Heat Recovery e Central Plant Water to Water Heat Pumps with Geothermal Well Field EUI (k kbtu/ft2 2) NE ELI BAS NON S CANN FA ALLS N 77 70% Average US Hospital Case Study Hospital Target

54 CASE STUDY Mayo Clinic Health System Cannon Falls Cannon Falls, MN 89,252 SF 15-bed Critical Access Hospital Designed 2012, construction ction complete July 2014 Annual Unit Energy Costs A1 - $2.83/SF/year C4 - $1.90/SF/year D4 - $1.81/SF/year B1 A1 C2 C4 D1 D4 D3

55 CASE STUDY Mayo Clinic Health System Cannon Falls Cannon Falls, MN 89,252 SF 15-bed Critical Access Hospital Designed 2012, construction ction complete July 2014 Annual Energy Costs A1 - $252,583/year C4 - $169,579/year D4 - $161,546/year B1 A1 C2 C4 D1 D4 D3

56 ENERGY COST COMPARISONS STRATEGY Premium Cost Cost/SF x 89,252 SF = Total Pay Back Years % of Construction Cost (based on $22.5M) A C4 $7.92/SF = $707, years 3.1% D4 $13.81/SF = $1,233, years 55% 5.5% Note: 1.) Electrical costs were not included in this estimate expectation is they would go down. 2.) Building Envelope reductions were not included. 3) 3.) Escalation in energy costs were not factored din.

57 TODAY S FOCUS Moving Forward Savings

58 CASE STUDY Mayo Clinic Health System Cannon Falls Cannon Falls, MN 89,252 SF 15-bed Critical Access Hospital Designed 2012, construction ction complete July 2014 Mechanical strategies only get you so far What stays the same? 75 B1 A1 C2 C4 D1 D4 D3

59 CASE STUDY Mayo Clinic Health System Cannon Falls Cannon Falls, MN 89,252 SF 15-bed Critical Access Hospital Designed 2012, construction ction complete July 2014 Mechanical strategies only get you so far What stays the same? Lighting g Equipment Domestic Hot Water 75 B1 A1 C2 C4 D1 D4 D3

60 CASE STUDY Mayo Clinic Health System Cannon Falls Cannon Falls, MN 89,252 SF 15-bed Critical Access Hospital Designed 2012, construction ction complete July 2014 Mechanical strategies only get you so far When the heating and cooling EUI is reduced, everything else plays a more important role in reducing overall EUI 80% 40% 20% 60%

61 ADDITIONAL OPPORTUNITIES What can the architecture contribute? Orientation Envelope Design Day Lighting Sensors/controls Reduced Lighting Energy Reduced Fan Energy

62 ADDITIONAL OPPORTUNITIES What can the partnership of design team and owner contribute? Plug Loads Energy Star Equipment Circuit Control Interaction with Equipment Manufacturers Codes

63 ADDITIONAL OPPORTUNITIES Getting the rest of the way On-site Renewable Energy Sources: Wind Turbine PV Array Biomass Generation Green Power

64 Engaging Clients Early, Often and Spread the Word Timing

65 DESIGN DECISION TIMING

66 SYSTEMS DECISION TIMING Pro Forma

67 POTENTIAL FOR FUTURE SAVINGS Resource Cost Our data illustrates 3 fold decrease in the energy demand, but we only see a 36% reduction in the annual energy costs. Currently in this region of the country natural gas is relatively inexpensive as compared to electric. The cost of natural gas will increase over time. It is a depleting resource. Energy company reimbursements Example: Some energy districts in this region will give 100% reimbursement for installation of a geo-thermal well field. Equipment prices go down As equipment like chilled beams get more popular their price will go down.

68 SIMPLICITY AND EXPENSE Active Chilled Beam vs. VAV Chilled Beam components: Coils Inducer (Flow Control) VAV Box components: Motor Circuitry Coils Filter Damper (Flow control)

69 OWNER S ADVANTAGE Low Temp Water Distribution - Opens up a variety of central plant options for future use - Liquid Medium is 25 times more efficient than air for moving heat Smaller Plenums - Lower floor-to-floor heights - Lower total t building volume - Less building skin. Lower Operating Costs - Every Dollar saved in operation allows for a $20 Dollar reduction in revenue generation for the hospital. System Flexibility - Opens up potential for future well field (geothermal heating and cooling) - Options for hybridization with other systems

70 TODAY S FOCUS Necessity Strategies Savings Timing

71 Thank you for your time. Q&A