Building Products Using Recycled Materials

Transcription

1 April 20, 2002 Eco Mark Product Category No. 123 Building Products Using Recycled Materials Japan Environment Association Eco Mark Office 1. Environmental Background Building materials such as boards, materials for roofs, floors (tatami mats), exterior (plastic floor parts), interior (wallpaper, shoji paper, and fusuma paper), plastering, coating, roofing, insulation, and sound absorption, and cements use natural and/or exhaustible resources as their raw materials. This has raised problems including influences on the natural environment and impediment to sustainable development. As for the increasing volume of waste, control of waste disposal shall be given top priority, while, on the other hand, recycling of waste effectively as raw material has become more important. Among others, problems concerning construction debris should urgently be dealt with, following the enactment of the Law for Recycling Materials for Construction, or the construction recycle law. Therefore, products which use these recycled materials could contribute significantly to conservation of the environment in terms of both reducing waste and protection of nature. This product category covers building products giving consideration to the environment through the entire life cycle, including production processes, application stage and disposal, as well as the initial stage of raw material consumption. 2. Applicable Products (1) Boards Boards that apply to any of the following standards and products using them: the Japan Industrial Standards (JIS) A 5404 Cement bonded wood-wool and flake boards, A 5414 Pulp cement boards, JIS A 5426 Wood-wool cement boards laminated with flexible cement boards, A 5430 Fiber reinforced cement boards, JIS A 5451 Rock wool sheathing boards, and JIS A 6901 Gypsum boards. NOTE: This document is a translation of the criteria written in Japanese. In the event of dispute, the original document should be taken as authoritative. 1

2 (2) Roof materials/floor materials (tatami mats) Roof/floor materials that apply to any of the following standards and products using them: JIS A 5208 Clay rooftiles, JIS A 5402 Pressed cement roof tiles, JIS A 5423 Decorated cement shingles for dwelling roofs, A 5901 Straw TATAMIDOKO and straw sandwich TATAMIDOKO, JIS A 5902 TATAMI, and JIS A 5914 Non straw TATAMIDOKO. (3) Exterior materials (plastic floor parts)/interior materials (wallpaper, shoji paper, and fusuma paper) Exterior/interior materials that apply to any of the following standards and products using them: JIS A 5721 Plastic floor parts, JIS A 6921 Wallpaper and wallcoverings for decorative finish, JIS S 3102 Shojigami, and fusuma paper. (4) Plastering/coating materials Plastering/coating materials that apply to any of the following standards and products using them: JIS A 6904 Gypsum plasters, JIS A 6909 Coating materials for textured finishes of buildings, JIS A 6916 Surface preparation materials for finishing, and JIS K 5621 Anticorrosive paint for general use. (5) Roofing materials Roofing materials that apply to any of the following: JIS A 6021 Liquid-applied compounds for waterproofing membrane coating of buildings, JIS A 6930 Plastic films vapour barrier for residential use, JIS A 6005 Asphalt roofing felts, JIS A 6012 Woven fabrics asphalt roofings, JIS A 6023 Perforated asphalt roofing felts, JIS A 6022 Stretchy asphalt roofing felts, JIS A 6013 Polymer-modified bitumen roofing sheets, and JIS A 6008 Roofing sheets of synthetic polymer. (6) Insulation/sound absorbing materials Insulation/sound absorbing materials that apply to any of the following standards and products using them: JIS A 6301 Sound absorbing materials, JIS A 9504 Man made mineral fibre thermal insulation materials, JIS A 9510 Inorganic porous thermal insulation materials, JIS A 9511 Preformed cellular plastics thermal insulation materials, JIS A 9521 Man made mineral wool thermal insulation materials for dwellings, JIS A 9523 Loose fill thermal insulation, and JIS A 9526 Spray-applied rigid polyurethane foam for thermal insulation. (7) Cements Cements that satisfy the requirements of any of the following standards: JIS R 5211 Portland blast-furnace slag cement, JIS R 5213 Portland fly-ash cement, and JIS R 5210 Portland cement. (8) Other building materials 2

3 Building products using recycled materials that do not fall into any of the above (1)-(7) JIS categories, but satisfy all of the requirements below. Intermediate products are excluded: 1. Products covered by Section 2.1. Architecture of the Building Standard Law, excluding building services. 2. Products to be used continuously for 20 years or more. 3. The quality of products is controlled under applicable industrial or in-house standard(s). 3. Terminology - Recycled materials: Post-consumer materials or pre-consumer materials or the combination of both, defined below. Thinned-out logs, small-diameter logs, unused wood, by-products such as blast furnace slag and coal ash, and sludge are additionally included in this product category, which is defined below. - Recycle: Material recycling only; energy recovery, gasification and use as reducing agent for blast furnace and raw material for coke oven are not included. - Post-consumer materials: Materials or products disposed of after they were used as goods. - Pre-consumer materials: Materials or rejected products generated from a disposal route in a product manufacturing process, excluding those which are recycled within the same process (plant). - Plastics: Materials composed of single or plural polymers, plus additives, fillers, etc. which are added to the polymer(s) to give specific characteristics. - Prescription constituents: Material components added for intended purpose to give any characteristics to the products. Impurities that are technically unavoidable in the manufacturing process are not included. - Wood: Thinned-out and small-diameter logs, waste wood, disassembled architectural wood, and rarely utilized wood that are specified in the Eco Mark Product Category No. 115 Wooden Products Using Waste Wood, Thinned-out Wood, Small-diameter Logs, etc. and reused/unused wood that is specified in the Eco Mark Product Category No. 111 Board Made of Wood or the Like. - Thinned-out and small-diameter logs: Thinned-out and small-diameter logs produced in artificial forest, smaller than 14 cm in diameter. - Waste wood: Used wood and woody materials, such as used wood (e.g. used packaging materials), and waste materials from lumbering mills (chips from lumbering mills). - Disassembled architectural wood: Wood and woody materials produced from disassembled buildings. - Rarely utilized wood: waste wood from forest, wood and woody materials such as shrubs, including bark. - Reused/Unused wood: Disposed plywood lumber and lumber from lumber factories, lumber from dismantled buildings, used packaging wood, plant fiber such as low quality chips not used as raw material for paper, abandoned lumber in the forest and small trees (including lumber from thinning). Further, they 3

4 include plant fiber other than lumber, such as rice husks and rice straw. - Waste paper: Collected post-consumer waste paper and pre-consumer waste paper. - Post-consumer waste paper: Used paper generated in shops, offices, or homes. - Pre-consumer waste paper: Paper diverted from the waste stream during the processing stage at facilities which use paper for material, such as paper processing factories, paper products factories, printing and bookbinding plants. - Percentage of waste paper in the pulp mixture: The ratio of waste paper to all pulp materials (combination of pulp, waste paper, and purchased waste paper pulp) used in the products. The percentage is calculated as follows; (Waste paper + purchased waste paper pulp)/all pulp materials Weight of the waste paper is determined on a naturally-dried basis, and the weight of the pulp contains 10% moisture. - Ceramic waste/incineration ash: Ceramic waste and urban waste incineration ash. - Construction debris: Waste generated in the process of constructing and/or disassembling architectural works. - Sludge: Sludge including paper manufacturing, aluminum, polishing sand, sewer, waterworks, and sludge at the bottom of a lake. Sludge from buildings is excluded. - Standard mixture amount: The percentage of recycled materials to all the materials (including sub-materials such as additives, and binding materials like clay, resin and cement) that are used to manufacture products (weight %). Standard mixture amount is calculated as follows; Recycled materials/all materials As for products containing water, naturally-dried weight shall be used. For fired products, figures calculated by excluding the weight lost by firing. As for products using cement or gypsum, mixing water shall be included in the total materials and figures calculated from them will be used. Standard mixture amount is calculated as follows; Recycled materials/all materials including mixing water 4. Criteria for Eco Mark Certification 4-1. General environmental criteria (1) The products shall use recycled materials that are defined above, and contain one or more materials listed in Attachment 1. Metallic materials and cardboard are not regarded as recycled materials. (2) The percentage of the above-mentioned recycled materials in a product shall be at least 50% of the product s net weight. When multiple categories of recycled materials are used, the mixture amount of recycled materials that make up 20% or more of the product shall not be less than the standard mixture amount shown in Attachment 1. However, for products using recycled glass lightweight aggregates, the 4

5 value obtained by the following equation shall be above 0.5: (unit volume mass of (weight of the recycled 1.7/ x the recycled glass glass lightweight + Equation: lightweight aggregates) aggregates) (Product weight) (weight of other recycled materials) *Significant figures are calculated by rounding an exact number to two decimal places. (3) The production process shall conform to relevant environmental regulations and agreements on preventing air pollution, water contamination, noise, odor and emission of hazardous materials. (4) Production process using thermal treatment such as firing shall give consideration to the volume of carbon dioxide emission. (5) During construction and use, elusion of hazardous materials such as heavy metals shall never occur. As for elusion of hazardous materials, products shall comply with the environmental standard concerning soil contamination (Environmental Agency Notification No. 46, 8/23/1991). The materials, to which the elusion standard applies for fired products and goods manufactured at room temperature using recycled materials with melting treatment, shall be six substances, namely: cadmium, lead, hexavalent chromium, arsenic, mercury, selenium. (6) Emission of powdery materials containing hazardous substances such as cadmium, lead, arsenic, and mercury, shall not occur by abrasion, etc. when processed, used, and disassembled. (7) Instruction manual(s) shall accompany a product concerning its construction, use, disassembling, disposal, and recycling, and be given to the owner of an architectural structure in which the product has been used. The instruction manual(s) shall provide the following information/requirements: 1. Information regarding requirements in criteria 4-1. (1), (5) and (6), clearly stating that details may be obtained upon inquiry. 2. Information regarding construction/use of the product 3. Information regarding disassembling/disposal of the product 4. Information regarding recycling of the product 5. Requirement of keeping the instruction manual(s), clearly stating that the manual(s) shall be kept until the product is disassembled, disposed, and/or recycled. (8) With regard to products with packaging, consideration shall be given to conserve resources, facilitate recycling, and reduce environmental burden of the incineration disposal process. When packaging materials include metals, they shall be designed to allow separation/sorting, facilitating recycling after its disposal. 5

6 4-2. General material criteria This item is applied to recycled materials that are used in 20% of the entire product. A. Plastics (9) Products shall not contain toxic chemicals. Specifically, they shall satisfy the requirements provided in the articles 4-1. (3) and (4) of 4. Criteria for Eco Mark Certification, Product Category No. 118 Plastic Products Using Recycled Materials (see Appendix 1). (10) No polymer that contains halogen shall be used as constituents of a product. (11) In the product manufacturing process, the use of blowing agents shall be avoided, or limited to only those without ozone-depleting substances listed in Annexes A, B, C, and E of the Montreal Protocol (Attachment 2). (12) Concerning a product using plastics, it shall be assured that the route of the recycling when abandoning is established, 70% or more of plastic parts inside the product are collected, 60% or more of the collected plastic is material-recycled and the remainder of collected plastic is used for energy recovery etc. However, this article is not applicable to products to be used continuously for 20 years or more. B. Wood and rice straw (13) Products using termiticides, preservatives, mildewcides, and/or insect repellents shall be approved by the Japan Wood Preserving Association, and they shall not use chemicals containing chromium, arsenic, or pyrethroids. (14) Indoor products shall not use toluene or xylene in their manufacturing process, with 0.5mg/l or less formaldehyde emissions from the materials used. C. Paper, metals, rubbers, ceramic waste, incineration ash, sludge, blast furnace slag, steel slag, coal ash, gypsum, and rock wool General material criteria not applicable. D. Glass cullet and glass wool (15) Non-fired products using a mixture of glass and concrete shall be tested by a harmless process test using the mortar-bar method set forth in JIS A No harmless process test is required where the mixing of glass has been followed by a harmless process such as firing and coating to make the nonfired product. (16) Glass cullet shall undergo edgeless processing (melting, chamfering) Specific environmental criteria E. Boards (17) Products shall be recyclable after use, or they shall be made to allow their different materials (heartwood, wallpaper, resin coating, etc.) to be easily 6

7 separated. F. Roof materials/floor materials (tatami mats) (18) Tatamidoko straw matting shall have features such as changeable tatamiomote rush mat cover, in order to ensure its long-term use. (19) Products shall be recyclable after use, or they shall be made to allow their different materials (heartwood, resin coating, etc.) to be easily separated. G. Exterior materials (plastic floor parts) Specific environmental criteria not applicable. H. Interior materials (wallpaper, shoji paper, and fusuma paper) (20) Products shall be recyclable after use, or they shall be made to allow their different materials to be easily separated. I. Plastering/coating materials (21) Product using termiticides, preservatives, mildewcides, and/or insect repellents shall not use chemicals containing chromium, arsenic, or pyrethroids. (22) Coating materials shall not use aromatic hydrocarbon compounds (thinner, toluene, xylene, etc.) as solvents. Materials having a photochemical reaction equal or superior to that of such aromatic hydrocarbon compounds shall not be included. (23) Coating materials shall not use lead, cadmium, chromium, and other toxic materials as pigments. (24) In the product manufacturing process, the use of blowing agents shall be avoided, or limited to only those without ozone-depleting substances listed in Annexes A, B, C, and E of the Montreal Protocol (Attachment 2). (25) For coating materials, a system to collect their emptied containers which are excluded from regular waste collection systems shall be available. J. Roofing materials (26) Product shall not contain asbestos. K. Insulation/sound absorbing materials (27) In the product manufacturing process, the use of blowing agents shall be avoided, or limited to only those without ozone-depleting substances listed in Annexes A, B, C, and E of the Montreal Protocol (Attachment 2). (28) Products shall not contain asbestos. (29) Products shall be made to allow their different materials to be easily separated when they are disassembled. L. Cements (30) Materials shall be recyclable as cement materials or aggregates after the concrete has been disassembled. 7

8 M. Other building materials (31) Products shall be used continuously for at least 20 years. (32) Materials shall be recyclable as aggregates, etc., after use, or they shall be removed or disposed of as easily as regular products. Products consisting of a mixture of different materials shall be made to allow these materials (heartwood, resin coating, etc.) to be easily separated Quality criteria (33) The quality of materials shall conform to the provisions of applicable JIS or similar standards. Products made of materials covered shall comply with the provisions of applicable standards such as ISO, JIS, or those set by other appropriate industrial associations. (34) With regard to toko-tatami rice straw mats, the quality, shape, and size of the matting shall conform to the regulations provided in JIS A If the JIS mark is not indicated, the product shall have been manufactured in a factory approved by the National Federation of Tatami Unions and the relevant stamp shall appear on it. (35) With regard to insulation materials, the quality, shape, and size shall be in accordance with JIS criteria and the construction shall be carried out according to the methods determined by the respective industrial associations concerned. (36) Cement products shall satisfy the requirements below, in terms of total alkali content, chloride content, and sulfur trioxide they contain: Total alkali content 0.75% or less Chloride content 0.1% or less *1.5% or less for those used in plain concrete, etc. *Also, the condition in usage category is to be indicated (plain concrete or ferroconcrete category) Sulfur trioxide 10% or less (37) The quality of other building materials shall be controlled under applicable industrial or in-house standard(s). Quality control in the manufacturing stage shall also be ensured. 5. Certification Procedure Annexed Certification 1-3 whose format is attached to this document shall be submitted. The certification, verifying the conformance to the criteria, shall be signed by the applicant. For a certificate issued by a person/body other than the applicants, a copy (duplicate) is acceptable. A certificate of test results carried out by a third party provided in articles below indicates a certificate of the results of a test that has been conducted by a testing body which has no interest in the applicant, product suppliers, or raw material suppliers. 8

9 Such testing bodies include private institutions Certification procedure for 4-1. General environmental criteria (1) A raw material certificate issued by the collector of the recycled material shall be submitted. (2) Applicants shall specify the gross weight of the product, along with weights of the recycled materials and materials other than recycled materials, as well as the percentages (weight %) of recycled materials and materials other than recycled materials to the product. For products using glass recycled lightweight materials, calculation documents based on the equation must be attached. (3) A certificate issued by the manager of the plant manufacturing the product shall be submitted. The certificate shall certify that all applicable local environmental laws and regulations have been followed without violation for at least five years before the application. (4) The per ton weight of carbon dioxide (excluding the pre-processing stage of the raw materials; figures are only required for the part of production which is different from product using natural raw materials) for the average product, generated at the time of production of fired products compared with fired products without recycled raw materials, shall be presented. (5) A certificate of test results carried out by a third party shall be submitted. However, metals and paper are excluded from such a test. (6) A certificate of test results carried out by a third party shall be submitted. However, metals and paper are excluded from such a test. (7) Manual(s) shall be submitted. Draft(s) are also acceptable. (8) Packaging materials used shall be named in the application form. This article does not apply to products which are not packaged. For a product using metals, documents shall be submitted to show that the product is easily separated/sorted Certification procedure for 4-2. General material criteria A. Plastics (9) A certificate issued by the product and material suppliers or a certificate of test results carried out by a third party shall be submitted. However, if any raw materials don t contain a corresponding chemical material as a prescription constituent, the document by the raw material supplier and the applicant which can prove no content of the chemical material is made acceptable. (10) Applicants shall specify that polymers containing halogen are not used. (11) A self-certificate that blowing agents are not used in the manufacturing process, or a documents specifying the names of blowing agents, if any, shall be submitted. (12) Data certifying that collection and recycling of the product is ensured at disposal or the product is to be used continuously for 20 years or more shall 9

10 be submitted. Record of the actual use shall be given when the contract is renewed. B. Wood and rice straw (13) Full information about the use of termiticides, preservatives, mildewcides, and/or insect repellents shall be given. If these chemicals are used, statement of the reasons for using such chemicals and a certificate of Japan Wood Preserving Association s approval to the chemical shall be submitted. (14) The results of a test conducted under the JIS or JASS provision shall be submitted. C. Paper, metals, rubbers, ceramic waste, incineration ash, sludge, blast furnace slag, steel slag, coal ash, gypsum, and rock wool Specific criteria not applicable. D. Glass cullet and glass wool (15) The results of a harmless process test using the mortar-bar method set forth in A (16) Document(s) describing the processing method of glass cullet shall be submitted Certification procedure for 4-3. Specific environmental criteria E. Boards (17) A certificate stating the possibility of segregation and separation collection and recyclability of the product shall be submitted. F. Roof materials/floor materials (tatami mats) (18) Applicants shall submit document(s) certifying that requirements are satisfied. (19) Applicants shall submit document(s) that give instructions of separation/sorting as well as information about recyclability of the product. G. Exterior materials Specific environmental criteria not applicable. H. Interior materials (20) Applicants shall submit document(s) that give instructions of separation/sorting as well as information about recyclability of the product. I. Plastering/coating materials (21), filled out to specify whether any of the chemicals is used, shall be submitted along with MSDSs of the chemical used, if any. (22) Applicants shall submit MSDSs of the solvents used, and Annex Certificate provided with this Product Certification Criteria specifying that aromatic 10

11 hydrocarbon compounds are not used as solvents. (23) MSDSs of the pigments used shall be submitted. (24) A self-certificate that blowing agents are not used in the manufacturing process, or a documents specifying the names and amount of materials in blowing agents used, if any, shall be submitted. (25) Document(s) or catalog(s) showing the existence of a collection system shall be submitted. J. Roofing materials (26) Certificates issued by the product supplier and the raw material supplier, or a certificate of test results carried out by a third party shall be submitted, in order to certify that asbestos is not used. K. Insulation/sound absorbing materials (27) A self-certificate that blowing agents are not used in the manufacturing process, or a documents specifying the names and amount of blowing agents used, if any, shall be submitted. (28) A self-certificate that asbestos is not used in the product manufacturing process shall be submitted. (29) Documents showing that the materials are easily separated/sorted shall be submitted. L. Cements (30) Applicants shall submit document(s) that give information about recyclability of the product. M. Other building materials (31) Document(s) showing that the product can be used for at least 20 years, such as a blueprint, or those showing the record of the actual use of the product shall be submitted. (32) Applicants shall submit document(s) that give instructions of separation/sorting as well as information about recyclability of the product Certification procedure for 4-4. Quality criteria (33)-(35) As proof of the product quality, a copy of a certificate that the factory is approved by the JIS, the results of a test conducted by a third party or on its own, or a certificate of the quality control shall be submitted. (36) The percentages of total alkali content, fine aggregate chloride content, and sulfur trioxide contained in the product shall be specified in Annex Certificate. (37) A certificate regarding the quality control shall be submitted. 11

12 6. Other Requirements (1) The products shall be classified by product feature specified by ISO and JIS, and by brand (name of the product) of the product regardless of color tones or sizes. Other building materials shall be classified by product application and material. (2) The statement appearing below the Eco Mark shall be environmental information. Submit indication of the logo, specifying the location of the logo and environmental information when certification and use of the Eco Mark has been applied for. Environmental Information shall be a two-line marking, left-justified, and framed in a rectangle. The first line shall state: (means Recycled material used ) (when using rarely utilized material, (means Rarely utilized material used ) and when using both, (means Recycled/Rarely utilized material ) The second line shall indicate: Name of materials (2 most used) XX% XX herein shall be the total percentage of recycled material used in the product.(decimal numbers are to be omitted.) The certification number shall be shown close to the Eco Mark. An example is shown below. (3) The material name indicated on the second line of environmental information shall conform to the recycled material name in Attachment 1. If the recycled material used for the product is not included in the attachment, the material name regarding description shall be indicated upon consultation with the Eco Mark Office. (4) If the recycled material name indicated on the second line of the environmental information consists of several materials used in equal amounts, the names of any two materials shall be indicated. Example of [a product using glass and incineration ash] Friendly to the earth Earth-friendly 再生材料を使用カ ラス 焼却灰 80% Using recycled material glass, incineration ash/80% No.XXXXXXXX (Indication of numbers only is valid) Established: April 20, 2002 These certification criteria for the product category will be reviewed in five years 12

13 after the adte ofenactment, and the certification criteria and/or the product category will be revised or abolished. Attachment 1 Standard mixture amount of recycled materials Recycled material Standard mixture amount (weight %) Plastics 50 Rubbers 100 Wood 100 Paper not for interior 100 Paper for interior 50 Rice straw 100 Ceramic waste/incineration ash and sludge 60 (Products formed at room temperature) Blast furnace slag 100 Steel slag 100 Coal ash 100 Gypsum (including desulfurized gypsum) 100 Glass wool 100 Rock wool 100 Glass cullet 100 Asphalt (Fired products) Note: 1) For materials belonging to one of the above categories but not specified as waste, etc., the Eco Mark Special Committee shall give additional certification for materials recognized as conforming to the Definitions of recycled materials of this category. 2) Waste from mines and quarries (waste sand from quarries and ceramics, micro silica sand, etc.) is not regarded as recycled materials. 13

14 Appendix 1 No.118 Plastic Products Using Recycled Materials 4. Certification procedure (extract) (3) The product shall not contain heavy metals or other toxic chemicals specified by laws and regulations or the industry s own standards as prescription constituents. Plastic additives shall follow positive lists specified by the industry s own standards, such as those of Polyolefin Sanitary Association, PVC Food Sanitary Association, etc.* Products using flame-retardant agents shall be approved by the Japan Fire Retardant Association as disaster preventing products or disaster preventing goods, and also shall not contain polybromobiphenyl (PBB), polybromodiphenylether (PBDE), and short-chain chlorinated paraffin (with chained Cs and 50% or higher in chlorine concentration). The products which infants may put in their mouth shall not contain phthalate-ester-based plasticizer. Stabilizers or slip additives with lead, cadmium and organic tin compounds such as tributyl tin compound (TBT) & triphenyl tin compound (TPT) etc. which are listed as investigation items regarding conservation of water quality shall not be contained. Plastic color agents shall meet environment-related criteria under Items (3), (4), and (5) in Attachment 2. Contents and elusion of heavy metals shall comply with Standards for Color Agents of the Polyolefin Sanitary Association.* (4) The product shall not contain residual organic chemicals listed in the United Nations Environment Program (Attachment 3: POPs). Such chemicals shall not be released during use or after disposal. *Note: This may be certified by the test results carried out by a third body and not necessarily by the Polyolefin Sanitary Association and other associations. 14

15 Attachment 3 Ozone-depleting substances controlled by the Montreal Protocol Trichlorofluoromethane Dichlorofluoropropane Dichlorodifluoromethane Chlorodifluoropropane A-I Trichlorotrifluoroethane Chlorofluoropropane Dichlorotetrafluoroethane Dibromofluoromethane Chloropentafluoroethane Bromodifluoromethane Bromochlorodifluoromethane Bromofluoromethane A-II Bromotrifluoromethane Ttetrabromofluoroethane Dibromotetrafluoroethane Tribromodifluoroethane Chlorotrifluoromethane Dibromotrifluoroethane Pentachlorofluoroethane Bromotetrafluoroethane Tetrachlorodifluoroethane Tribromofluoroethane Heptachlorofluoropropane Ddibromodifluoroethane B-I Hexachlorodifluoropropane Bromotrifluoroethane Pentachlorotrifluoropropane Ddibromofluoroethane Tetrachlorotetrafluoropropane Bbromodifluoroethane Trichloropentafluoropropane Bromofluoroethane Dichlorohexafluoropropane Hexabromofluoropropane Chloroheptafluoropropane Pentabromodifluoropropane B-II Carbon tetrachloride Tetrabromotrifluoropropane B-III 1,1,1-trichloroethane Tribromotetrafluoropropane C-II Dichlorofluoromethane Dibromopentafluoropropane Chlorodifluoromethane Bromohexafluoropropane Chlorofluoromethane Pentabromofluoropropane Tetrachlorofluoroethane Ttetrabromodifluoropropane Trichlorodifluoroethane Tribromotrifluoropropane Dichlorotrifluoroethane Dibromotetrafluoropropane Chlorotetrafluoroethane Bromopentafluoropropane Trichlorofluoroethane Tetrabromofluoropropane Dichlorodifluoroethane Tribromodifluoropropane Chlorotrifluoroethane Dibromotrifluoropropane Dichlorofluoroethane Bromotetrafluoropropane Chlorodifluoroethane Tribromofluoropropane Chlorofluoroethane Dibromodifluoropropane Hexachlorofluoropropane Bromotrifluoropropane Pentachlorodifluoropropane Dibromofluoropropane C-I Tetrachlorotrifluoropropane Bromodifluoropropane Trichlorotetrafluoropropane Bromofluoropropane Dichloropentafluoropropane E-I Methyl bromide Chlorohexafluoropropane Pentachlorofluoropropane Tetrachlorodifluoropropane Trichlorotrifluoropropane Dichlorotetrafluoropropane Chloropentafluoropropane Tetrachlorofluoropropane Trichlorodifluoropropane Dichlorotrifluoropropane Chlorotetrafluoropropane Trichlorofluoropropane Dichlorodifluoropropane Chlorotrifluoropropane 15

16 Attachment 3 Residual organic chemicals listed in the United Nations Environment Program DDT Dieldrin Chlordane Hexachlorobenzene C 10 H 10 Cl 8 Dioxins Aldrin Endrin Heptachlor Mylex Polychlorinated biphenyl Furans Attachment 4 Azo dyestuffs that can produce one of the following amines by decomposition of one or more azo groups 4-aminodiphenyl Benzidine 4-chloro-0-toluidine 2-naphrhylamine o-aminoazotoluene 2-amino-4-nitrotoluene p-chloroaniline 2,4-diaminoaniline 4,4 -diaminodiphenylmethane 3,3 -dichlorobenzidine 3,3 -dimethoxybenzidine 3,3 -dimethylbenzidine 3,3 -dimethyl-4,4 -diaminodiphenylmethane p- cresizin 4,4 -methylen-bis-(2-chloroaniline) 4,4 -oxydianiline 4,4 thiodianiline o-toluidine 2,4-toluendiamine 2,4,5-trimethylanoline o-anisidine Note : Decomposition of azo group refers to German daily necessities directive 16

17 Interpretation Product Certification Criteria for Building Products Using Recycled Materials April 20, Environmental Background The construction industry consumes massive resources and energy in the building process as well as in the production of materials and parts used. Carbon dioxide emissions in the life cycle of architectural structures are said to make up one third of all industries. In addition to minimizing building wastes and effective waste disposal, thorough recycling of disposed wastes and other recyclable materials is the prime responsibility of construction businesses. The Eco Mark Program has had a criterion category for buildings products, but the range is limited to specific product types. For this reason, Eco Mark certification is not applicable to many building products, even those manufactured from recycled materials. This Product Certification Criteria for building products using recycled materials was therefore established to encompass a broad range of products. Recycled materials used for building, however, span a wide range, and negative consequences such as hazardous effects, etc. remain unknown; it is thus not feasible to apply the criteria to all recycled materials. Various challenges pertaining not only to technical aspects but cost-related issues as well in the recycling of building products also remain. Yet to build a recyclingoriented society, active use of recycled materials serves as a very important means. 2. Applicable Products - Boards Of JIS designated boards, Glass fiber reinforced plastic corrugated sheets (JIS A 5701) were excluded due to difficulty in use of recycled materials. - Floor materials Based on JIS, only the following materials were included: Straw TATAMIDOKO (JIS A 5901), TATAMI (JIS A 5902), Non straw TATAMIDOKO (JIS A 5914), while floor materials such as flooring, etc. were excluded. - Exterior/interior materials Based on 4-1 <General environmental criteria> (1) For products whose raw materials include metals, metallic materials are not regarded as recycled materials, of materials categorized into exterior and interior materials under JIS, products made of metal such as Curtain rails (Metal) (JIS A 4802) and Metal components for balcony and handrails of dwellings (JIS A 6601) were excluded. - Waterproofing material It is environmentally significant to collect waste waterproofing materials at the 17

18 building site for reuse as waterproofing material containing asphalt. Therefore, those materials were included in the Eco Mark certification material list. - Cement Despite concern over possible problems in the use of recycled materials for cement, since many building products use cement, cement was deemed as having importance and included in this Product Certification Criteria. - Other building materials Other than those designated under JIS, many building products with reduced environmental burden are increasingly being developed. Though quality problems of these products are a source of concern, they were nevertheless included in this Product Certification Criteria, taking into consideration the significance in including them under the Eco Mark Program from the viewpoint of reducing waste materials. 3. Terminology Certification of a recycled material is based on the ISO standard Environmental labels and declarations - Self-declared environmental claims (ISO 14021). Waste materials recycled within the same process, or even recycled within the same plant are not recognized as pre-consumer materials, and therefore do not fall into a category of recycled materials. This is because the in-house recycling of waste generated in a factory or plant is by all means the responsibility of the manufacturer, and does not serve as a reason for the Eco Mark Program to give its approval. Consequently, defective products used for recycling in the same factory or plant and chips generated in the production process are irrelevant to the use of recycled material provided by the certification criteria for this category. (Reference) Building Standard Law, Chapter 1, Article 2 Buildings indicates structures built on the ground which have roofs and pillars or walls (including ones pertaining to this). It also includes accompanying gates, trenches, display objects, basement or elevated offices, shops, performance halls, warehouses and other similar facilities (excluding facilities for controlling the operation of trains and along tracks, footbridges, platform sheds, tanks, and other similar facilities), as well as building services. 4. Environmental Criteria Details of 4-1. General environmental criteria, 4-2. General material criteria and 4-3. Specific environmental criteria For setting up the criteria, environmental impacts over the whole life cycle of a product were considered, using a table of environmental impacts at each stage of a product life cycle. As a result, impact items for which establishment of criteria was considered important in Eco Mark certification were selected. For these items, qualitative or quantitative criteria were established. Environmental impact items considered for the category of Building Products Using Recycled Materials are as shown in the table of Environmental impacts at each stage of a product life cycle (X and XX in the table). Out of these, items which were finally selected as environmental criteria are: A-1, A-8, B-1, B-2, B-3, B-5, B-8, B-9, C- 18

19 1, C-2, C-7, D-1, D-5, D-8, E-1, E-7, E-8, and F-1 (XX in the table). The blank columns in the table show items that were outside the scope of review or which were reviewed in combination with other items. The following provides details of establishing environmental criteria: Table: Chart for Selecting Environmental Impact Items at Each Stage of Product Life Cycle Product Life Stage Environmental Impact Item A. Resource Extraction B. Manufacturing C. Distribution D. Use/Consumption E. Disposal F. Recycling 1. Resource consumption XX XX XX XX XX XX 2. Discharge of greenhouse gases X XX XX 3. Discharge of the ozone layer depleting substances 4. Destruction of eco systems 5. Discharge of atmospheric pollutants X XX X X X XX XX X X 6. Discharge of water pollutants X X X X 7. Emission/disposal of wastes X XX X XX 8. Use/discharge of hazardous materials XX XX XX XX 9. Other environmental impacts XX XX A. Resource Extraction Stage A-1 Resource consumption <General environmental criteria> (1) The products shall use recycled materials defined in Terminology, and contain materials listed separately. (2) For products whose raw materials include metals, metallic materials are not regarded as recycled materials. (3) The percentage of recycled materials used shall be above the standard mixture amount indicated in the separate table. When multiple categories of recycled materials are used, the mixture amount of recycled material categories that make up 20% or more of the product shall not be less than the standard mixture amount. (4) Sub-materials shall not be used in excess. For item (1), usage rate of recycled materials should be as high as possible. However, based on the current Eco Mark certification criteria, products using similar materials were given the same criteria. For item (2), due to a long history of recycling, metallic materials do not satisfy the purpose of the top runner product certification of the Eco Mark Program. Consequently, it was decided that metallic materials would be excluded from recycled materials. For item (3), since numerous recycled materials are used for building materials, it 19

20 is difficult to actually require that every recycled material meet the given criteria. Consequently, requirements of this Product Certification Criteria were applicable only to materials that make up 20% or more of the product. For item (4), due to the difficulty in determining the state of use of sub materials for some building materials, it was not selected as a common criterion. <Material criteria> - Plastic (1) Plastics shall satisfy the requirements provided in the articles 4-1. (3) and (4) of 4. Criteria for Eco Mark Certification, Product Category No. 118 Plastic Products Using Recycled Materials. As criteria have already been established for plastics in existing Eco Mark Product Categories, requirements of such existing criteria were taken to be satisfied in this Product Certification Criteria. - Glass (1) Alkali-aggregate reaction in glass/concrete mixing. Glass was reviewed for alkali-aggregate reaction and this item was selected as a criterion. - Boards (1) 100% Recycled materials shall be used for boards made of wood, pulp, slag, desulfurized gypsum plaster, and mineral wool. (2) Cement shall satisfy the criteria in Eco Mark Product Category 30 Blast Furnace Fine Powder Slag and Blast Furnace Cement and Eco Mark Product Category 65 Building Materials of Fly Ash. (3) For silicate materials, fly ash shall be used as recycled material. (4) Test criteria for hazardous materials such as heavy metals included in minute quantities in waste gypsum plasterboards, separation with wallpaper. (5) Products made by processing fiber boards or particle boards shall satisfy the criteria of Eco Mark Product Category 111 Board Made of Wood or the Like. (6) Inorganic fiber material, pearlite, inorganic composite material, silicate silica fume. For item (1), as a result of considering the amount of recycled material used for products on the market at this point and concluding that recycled material can be used to a high degree, usage rate was set at 100%. For item (2), although a high usage rate of recycled material was also taken into account, from the viewpoint of expanding use as a recycled material, requirements in criteria prescribed in existing Eco Mark Product Categories shall be satisfied. Item (3) was reviewed from the perspective of using recycled material as much as possible, and selected as a criterion. 20

21 For item (4), the harmfulness of substances included was evaluated in elution and content tests as general criteria. Whether used products can be recycled easily was also taken into consideration. To allow easy separation of different materials, this item was selected as a criterion. For item (5), as criteria have been established in existing Eco Mark Product Categories, requirements of such existing criteria shall be satisfied in this Product Certification Criteria. Since materials indicated in item (6) are used in minimal amounts in products, and substitution with recycled material is difficult with currently available technology, these materials were not taken as recycled materials, but as additives. - Roof Materials (1) Clay rooftile shall satisfy the criteria given in Eco Mark Product Category 109 Tile-blocks made of recycled materials As criteria have been established for roofing materials in existing Eco Mark Product Categories, requirements of such existing criteria shall be satisfied in this Product Certification Criteria. However, mining and quarry waste soil such as ceramic waste soil and minute silica sand are usually used in the manufacture of products, and are therefore not taken as recycled material in this Product Certification Criteria. - Floor Materials (1) Straw mats shall be tatami mats and should be made of 100% rice straw. Under this Product Certification Criteria, rice straw is taken as recycled material. Products shall conform to the criteria in Eco Mark Product Category 27 Straw Matting (Tatami Made from Rice Straw). - Interior Materials (1) Raw material shall be made of more than 50% recycled pulp. As a result of reviewing whether to raise the percentage of recycled material for this item, it was decided that the criteria in Eco Mark Product Category 40 Wallpaper, Fusuma Paper and Shoji Paper Made from Recycled Pulp shall be followed to ensure that quality is maintained. However, plastic coating was excluded from the criteria, taking the growing popularity of plastic wallpaper, etc. into consideration. - Plastering Materials (1) Use of recycled material in admixtures. This item was reviewed from the perspective of using recycled materials. Since plastering materials are only used in small amounts and the use of recycled materials is difficult, this item was not selected as a criterion. - Coating Materials 21

22 (1) Coating materials shall satisfy the criteria in Eco Mark Product Category 33 Paint, Coating and Waterproof Coating Containing No Aromatic Hydrocarbon Compounds. A review of the criteria for this item in existing Eco Mark product Categories is planned. Once new criteria are established, this item will be incorporated. In this Product Certification Criteria, it was determined that requirements of such existing Eco Mark Product Categories be satisfied for this item. - Roofing Materials (1) Recycled material shall be used for sheet material. For item (1), various materials are currently being developed and used. Since recycled material should be used as much as possible, this item was selected as a criterion. - Insulation/Sound Absorbing Materials (1) Steel slug shall be used by more than 100% in mineral wool For this item, it was decided that 100% steel slug is used for mineral wool. - Cement (1) More than 50% recycled material shall be used Despite opinions that the recycled material content of 50% for cement is impossible under current circumstances, taking into consideration that cement containing 50% recycled material is actually being produced, a percentage of more than 50% was set under the Eco Mark Program with the aim of promoting a high usage rate, etc. - Other Building Materials (1) Recycled material shall satisfy the individual criteria of materials Since most building materials use several recycled materials in this category, it was concluded that it is necessary to satisfy the criteria of each material. A-2 Discharge of greenhouse gases <General environmental criteria> (1) Volume of energy consumed and carbon dioxide emissions in resource extraction shall be less than general products. (2) After estimating carbon dioxide emissions in resource extraction, efforts should be made to reduce their volume. 22

23 Due to the difficulty in determining the volume of carbon dioxide generated during the extraction of resources, this item was not selected as a criterion. A-3 Discharge of ozone layer depleting substances - Boards (1) Use of ozone depleting substances in resource extraction and manufacturing stages As there are no applicable materials to boards, this item was not selected as a criterion. A-5 Discharge of atmospheric pollutants - Coating Materials (1) No air pollutants shall be emitted in resource extraction Despite concerns over the emission of air pollutants even in resource extraction of coating materials, this item was not selected as a criterion due to the lack of quantitative data at present. A-8 Use/discharge of hazardous materials <Material criteria> - Plastics (1) Plastic products shall not contain toxic chemicals. Specifically, they shall satisfy the requirements provided in the articles 4-1. (3) and (4) of 4. Criteria for Eco Mark Certification, Product Category No. 118 Plastic Products Using Recycled Materials (see Appendix 1). (2) No polymer that contains halogen or organic halogenides shall be used as constituents of a product. For item (1), criteria were revised in existing Eco Mark Product Categories and these shall be followed. For item (2), products containing such constituents shall not be used due to problems of dioxin emission in the event of fire hazards. 23

24 - Boards (1) Board shall not contain radioactive substances such as radon (Rn) This item was reviewed taking into consideration that in the comparison of criteria of different countries such as environment labels, Europe and the US have criteria for this item. However, in Japan, products rarely contain radioactive substances, and it is impossible to determine specific figures, therefore this item was not selected as a criterion. - Roof Materials/Floor Materials (1) Hazardous materials such as asbestos and heavy metals shall not be contained in roof and floor materials, or content level must be below the specified level. (2) Handling of trace constituents. (3) There shall be no problems in use of blowing agents. For item (1), as a result of reviewing the content of asbestos and heavy metals, it was concluded that they are not relevant to this product category. Thus this item was not selected as a criterion. For item (2), due to the difficulty in determining actual figures at the current technological level, the establishment of quantitative criteria was deemed impossible. Thus this item was not selected as a criterion. Item (3) was omitted because it has already been reviewed in B-3. - Plastering Materials (1) Indoor/outdoor air pollutants Air pollutants were reviewed for this item. At the same time, a study group in the Ministry of Health, Welfare, and Labor is currently reviewing the problem of indoor air pollution. Since there is no guiding principle for VOC emissions from materials and the testing methods have not been standardized, this item was not selected as a criterion. - Coating Materials (1) Indoor/outdoor air pollutants (2) Handling of trace constituents For item (1), focusing on the influence on the human body, volatile substances from products were reviewed. It was concluded, Coating materials shall not use aromatic hydrocarbon compounds (thinner, toluene, xylene, etc.) as solvents. Materials having a photochemical reaction equal or superior to that of such aromatic hydrocarbon compounds shall not be included, this item was selected as a criterion. For item (2), due to the difficulty in determining actual figures at the current technological level, the establishment of quantitative criteria was deemed impossible. Thus this item was not selected as a criterion. - Roofing Materials 24