UNIT-1 DISCOVER THE MEANING VIA EXAMPLES DISCUSS, TALK, AND PROGRESS AS MUCH AS YOU CAN TIME TO LEARN VOCABULARY FOR IELTS 9.

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1 Unit-1/ Work and Careers / investudy.org / 2018 UNIT-1 Work & Careers TIME TO LEARN VOCABULARY FOR IELTS 9 DISCOVER THE MEANING VIA EXAMPLES DISCUSS, TALK, AND PROGRESS AS MUCH AS YOU CAN

2 nit-1: Unit-1: Work & Careers 1. productivity = the ability of people to produce useful results at work. My country is not as advanced as some other countries in our industrial sector. Productivity and quality are still quite low. 2. to subsidise = to pay part of the cost of something, usually in order to help people. The government could encourage children to be healthier by subsidising swimming lessons and sports coaching at weekends. 3. output = the amount of work or goods produced. In Europe, industrial output has decreased, maybe because of competition from producers in other continents. 4. work/life balance = the ability to work hard but also enjoy a good quality family and social People are working long hours these days, and so their work/life balance is affected, leading to stress. 5. pay increments = pay rises/increases In my country, pay increments have been very low because of the financial crisis. 6. perks = reward from an employer which are not financial (eg free lunches, a car etc) Personally, I d like to work for a company that gives lots of perks, because I would find this very enjoyable. 7. financial rewards = any form of money payment (salary, commission, pension etc) Being a primary teacher may be satisfying, but the financial rewards are not high 8. incentives = any reward that makes people work harder Some employers offer vacations or parties as incentives if the team hits its sales targets. 9. job satisfaction = enjoyment of a job for non-financial reasons I get a lot of job satisfaction from my work at the wildlife centre, although the financial rewards are quite low.

3 10. target-related = dependent on hitting a target My boss once offered me a target-related bonus, but it was almost impossible to achieve! 11. on the job training = training while working, not by leaving work to go to college etc My sister has found that the on the job training she gets at her bank is very useful, and she has progressed well because of this. 12. ongoing training = training throughout your time in a job, not just at the start I enjoyed my work at the airline at first, but I soon found that there was no ongoing training and my skills weren t really developed. 13. career progression = the ability to advance your career The problem with being a freelance photographer is that there s no real career progression, unless you become very famous. 14. job prospects = the possibility of promotion or higher level work in future I remember an interview when the employer told me there were excellent job prospects in their firm for young people. In reality, this was not really true. 15. to measure = to assess the dimensions of something Job satisfaction may be important, but can we really measure it? 16. superficial = not addressing deep or important issues I m not a big fan of traditional music. I find the lyrics rather old-fashioned and superficial for modern listeners. 17. performance reviews/appraisals = meeting at which an employer gives feedback to a worker on their work over a fixed period. I remember being worried about my job at first, but at my six-month appraisal my manager told me she was pleased with my efforts. 18. redundancy = a situation where a worker loses their job because of changes in the company (not because of personal mistakes) (verb = to make someone redundant) In my home town, the textile factories have closed and many people have been made redundant.

4 19. to restructure = to change the organisation of a company, usually in order to make it more effective or to save money. We used to have a large training department in my office, but in our recent restructure it was eliminated and the staff were made redundant. 20. to downsize = to make an organisation smaller and employ fewer people My father s college used to employ almost one thousand people, but then it downsized and now has less than five hundred. 21. to outsource = to stop doing work inside the company and send it to other companies or other countries, usually to save money Many American companies have outsourced their IT operations to Asian countries, where productivity is similar and salaries are lower. 22. the workforce = the total number of people working in an organisation, company or country The workforce in Northern Europe is skilled, but it s also inflexible and much older than in other parts of the world. 23. Human Resources (or HR) = the department in a company which manages recruitment, employment and training When I graduate, I plan to work in the Human Resources area of the oil industry, possibly in the Middle East. Your example: Source used: IELTS Band 9 Vocab Secrets.

5 Equal Pay For Men and Women in Iceland Iceland has become the first country to make it illegal to pay women less than men. The new law, which took effect on January 1, imposes a fine on companies and government organisations employing more than 25 workers if they pay men more than women. The Scandinavian country wants to eliminate the pay gap between the genders completely within the next four years. Iceland has been considered the world s fairest country in terms of gender equality for the past nine years. In a country where half of the parliamentarians are female, women still earn about 15% less than men. The new Icelandic law aims at helping to change the attitude towards women in business and politics. According to the World Economic Forum, a Swiss-based non-profit organisation, there is a global 58 % difference in pay between the genders. Economic experts predict that, if the current trend continues, women will have to wait over two hundred years to get equal pay and the same opportunities at work. There is also a lack of female politicians. Only a quarter of the world s politicians is female and fewer than one in five ministers are women. Only 23% of the world s parliamentary seats go to females Glosarry 1. according to = as reported by 2. aims at = wants to achieve something 3. attitude = the feelings you have about someone or something 4. considered = thought to be 5. current trend = if the situation of today goes on 6. eliminate = get rid of; do away with 7. employ = to give a person work 8. equal = the same 9. gender equality = the same chances and opportunities for men and women 10. global = worldwide 11. illegal = against the law 12. impose = to force people to accept something 13. in terms of = if you look at or observe closely 14. lack = not enough 15. law = rule or regulation that a country has 16. non-profit = to use the money you get to help other people 17. opportunities = chances 18. parliamentarian = member of parliament 19. pay gap = the difference in the amount of money men and women get for their work 20. predict = to say that something will happen in the future 21. quarter = 25% 22. seat = here: an elected member of parliament 23. Swiss-based = organisation that operates out of Switzerland 24. take effect = start; become law Source:

6 MAHATMA GANDHI IT DOESN T MATTER HOW GREAT YOUR SHOES ARE IF YOU DON T ACCOMPLISH ANYTHING IN THEM. MARTINA BOONE