Understanding the IEEE Standard 1547 Revision

Transcription

1 Understanding the IEEE Standard 1547 Revision

2 IEEE Standard 1547 PG 1 Introduction IEEE is an organization working to foster technological innovation and excellence to benefit humanity. As the world s largest technical professional organization focused on technology advancement, IEEE creates industry standards to establish best practices in a broad range of technologies. IEEE is also responsible for maintaining and revising standards as necessary. THE IEEE STANDARD 1547 The IEEE Standard 1547 (1547) is a voluntary industry standard for interconnecting distributed energy resources (DERs) with electrical power systems (EPSs). While businesses were not required to adhere to the standard, governing bodies often use IEEE standards as the foundation for laws. The first version of IEEE, IEEE 1547, was created in 2003 to establish technical rules and did not anticipate significant changes in the penetration of DER connected to the electric power system (Area EPS). With increasing technological and economic advances, the grid has begun to experience high levels of penetration in some areas, resulting in a need to revise This new revision will be known as IEEE , and we will use the term throughout this white paper.

3 IEEE Requirements PG 2 Distributed Energy Resources The goal of IEEE is to establish DER requirements that will maintain bulk system reliability long-term. With distributed system safety and power quality in mind, the revised standard will provide performance standards that allows flexibility for each distribution system s needs. requirements, treating all the technologies in the same way could exclude certain types of DER from interconnection. The revision will mitigate this by establishing a category framework that will create harmonized interconnection requirements and offer flexibility in performance requirements. Since DER technologies vary in their ability to achieve performance

4 IEEE Requirements PG 3 IEEE 1547 Voltage Regulation Under Normal Operating Conditions The IEEE revision will continue to define the standard as technology neutral. Instead of creating performance requirements for specific DER technologies, categories that designate performance requirements for a DER under normal and abnormal operating conditions have been established. In order to meet the required capabilities for response to voltage variations within the normal operating range, the DER needs to provide voltage regulation capability. This regulation can be performed by injecting reactive power and absorbing reactive power. The requirements are specified along control modes. For example, in the Voltage-reactive power mode if voltage is lower than reference setting for normal, the DER injects reactive power; if higher than reference, the DER absorbs reactive power to actively control voltage within the reference range. To account for different Area EPS conditions, the requirements for Area EPS voltage regulation are specified in two performance categories: Category A specifies minimal performance capabilities needed for and are available with most DER technologies. Category B covers all requirements within Category A and specifies supplemental capabilities needed where the DER penetration is higher or where the DER power output is variable.

5 IEEE Requirements PG 4 IEEE 1547 Categories Abnormal Operating Conditions To improve the stability of the Area EPS, the requirements comprehend that to DER response should consider the performance requirements of the Area EPS and the bulk power system (BPS) to which the Area EPS is connected. These requirements specify DER actions under abnormal conditions such as faults, open phase conditions, reclosing operation, and voltage. A significant improvement in this standard is the precision of language used in the terminology for response to abnormal voltage and frequency. For example, the description of actions required during and after disturbance have distinct definitions for certain actions... Mandatory Operation Momentary Cessation Permissive Operation Cease to Energize Trip under certain specified conditions. It is anticipated that the clarity in these requirements will improve the security and stability of the electric power system. Restoring output and return to service requirements are also specified in the same manner. The required capabilities for response to abnormal Area EPS conditions are specified in three operating performance categories: Category I, Category II, and Category III. These will be specified by the EPS operator. It is anticipated that the majority of DER should have Category II disturbance ride-through performance.

6 IEEE Requirements PG 65 Units v. System The new revision will change the way in which the standard is applied. Previously, the industry has applied IEEE 1547 and IEEE as an equipment standard, focusing on individual DER units. With the revision, the standard can be applied to the performance of DER units or the DER system as a whole. REFERENCE POINT OF APPLICABILITY IEEE is the standard stating requirements that are intended to ensure the power grid is maintained and running efficiently. IEEE will aid in this by establishing performance standards based on the reference point of applicability. This allows for small systems or systems supporting their own load to have different performance requirements for DER facilities. The point of DER connection (PoC) - used to indicate the point where a DER unit connects to the local EPS (or facility point of connection). The point of common coupling (PCC) - the connection where a Local EPS meets an Area EPS. Most DER facilities that are designed to predominately export power to the gird or are larger than 500KVA aggregate rating will be held to 1547 requirements at the PCC. While test specifications and requirements have yet to be determined, the new revision will have a significant impact on testing and certification. ComRent s load bank solutions have the ability to effectively test loads at both the PCC and PoC, ensuring your system is in compliance and saving you time and money during testing.

7 IEEE Requirements PG 6 Additional Changes from Revision RANGE OF ADJUSTABILITY IEEE will introduce a range of adjustability for certain parameters. To avoid the frequent adaption of functional DER parameters, the range of adjustability will provide the flexibility needed to count for the location of the DER and evolving grid conditions. INTEROPERABILITY REQUIREMENTS All DER units and systems must have provisions for a local interface capable of communicating. IEEE specifies the information to be exchanged (i.e. Nameplate, configuration etc.), communication performance requirements and communication protocol requirements. VERIFICATION Additional steps to verify the performance of a system require a design review, and as-built installation evaluation in addition to a comprehensive commissioning requirement.

8 IEEE 1547 History PG 7 History/Timeline of IEEE Standard IEEE Standard for Interconnecting Distributed Resources with Electrical Power Systems ( ) was published as a voluntary industry standard Energy Policy Act ( ) The act cites IEEE 1547 Standard as the best practice for interconnection and it is adopted by all states Energy Independence and Security Act ( ) The act cites IEEE as a standards development organization partner to NIST and lead to coordinate framework and roadmap for Smart Grid Interoperability standards. IEEE 1547 is adopted by the majority of jurisdictional entities across North America that set DER interconnection rules Amendment 1 (IEEE 1547a) was passed to avoid bulk power systems reliability risk by allowing ranges of settings for tripping distributed resources for abnormal voltage and frequency. December 2013 the process began to completely revise IEEE Working Group meetings to develop IEEE IEEE balloted and approved Revision of the testing standards of IEEE P and final editing of this standard.

9 PG 8 ComRent s team of experts can help ensure your commissioning project is in line with the revised IEEE 1547 Standard, IEEE As a leader in load bank testing our staff is fully versed in how your industry will be affected by the new required standard and can help determine a plan to guarantee all of your facilities are in compliance. Contact us today for a complimentary consultation. ComRent Corporate Headquarters W. 120th Ave., Suite 150 Broomfield, CO