Human Resources Management in Perspective

Transcription

1 PaPt Human Resources Management in Perspective Chapter 1 An Overview of Human Resources Management 2 Why Study Human Resources Management? 4 Human Capital and HRM 4 Competitive Challenges and Human Resources Management 6 Challenge Responding Strategically to Changes in the Marketplace 6 Human Resources Managers and Business Strategy 7 Challenge 2: Competing, Recruiting, and Staffing Globally 8 Challenge 3: Setting and Achieving Corporate Social Responsibility and Sustainability Goals Challenge 4: Advancing HRM with Technology Highlights in HRM A Guide to HR Internet Sites Highlights in HRM 2: Factors to Consider When Evaluating a Human Resources Information System Challenge 5: Containing Costs While Retaining Top Talent and Maximizing Productivity 15 Challenge 6: Responding to the Demographic and Diversity Challenges of the Workforce 21 Challenge 7: Adapting to Educational and Cultural Shifts Affecting the Workforce 26 Highlights in HRM 3: Demographic and Cultural Issues Changing HRM 29 The Partnership of Line Managers and HR Departments 30 Responsibilities of Human Resources Managers 31 Competencies Human Resources Managers Require 31 Highlights in HRM 4: SHRM Code of Ethical and Professional Standards in Human Resource Management 32 Summary 36 Key Terms 37 Discussion Questions 37 On the Job: Video Cases 38 Notes and References 38

2 Chapter 2 Human Resources: Strategic Planning 42 Strategic Planning and Human Resources 44 Strategic Planning and HR Planning: Linking the Processes 45 Step One: Mission, Vision, and Values 45 Step Two: Environmental Analysis 47 Competitive Environment 47 Step Three: Internal Analysis 51 The Three Cs: Capabilities, Composition, and Culture 51 Forecasting: A Critical Element of Planning 55 Highlights in HRM Managers 59 HR Planning and Strategy Questions to Ask Business Assessing a Firm's Human Capital Readiness: Gap Analysis 61 Highlights in HRM 2: Succession-Planning Checklist 63 Step Four: Formulating Strategy 65 Corporate Strategy 65 Business Strategy 67 Functional Strategy: Ensuring Alignment 68 Highlights in HRM 3: Key HR Activities Associated with Merger or Acquisition Phases 69 Step Five: Strategy Implementation 70 Taking Action: Reconciling Supply and Demand 71 Step Six: Evaluation and Assessment 73 Evaluation and Assessment Issues 73 Measuring a Firm's Strategic Alignment 74 Highlights in HRM 4 75 Ensuring Strategic Flexibility for the Future 76 Summary 78 Key Terms 79 Discussion Questions 79 HRM Experience: Customizing HR for Different Types of Human Capital 80 On the Job: Video Cases 81 Notes and References 81 Appendix: Calculating Employee Turnover and Absenteeism 83 Employee Turnover Rates 83 Computing the Turnover Rate 83 Determining the Costs of Turnover 84

3 Employee Absenteeism Rates 84 Computing Absenteeism Rates 84 Highlights in HRM 5: Costs Associated with the Turnover of One Computer Programmer 85 Comparing Absenteeism Data 86 Costs of Absenteeism 86 Absenteeism and HR Planning 86 Notes and References 86 Meeting Human Resources Requirements Chapter 3 The Legal Environment: Equal Employment Opportunity 88 Historical Perspective of EEO Legislation 90 Changing National Values 91 Early Legal Developments 92 Government Regulation of Equal Employment Opportunity 92 Major Federal Laws 94 Highlights in HRM Test Your Knowledge of Equal Employment Opportunity Law 96 Other Federal Laws and Executive Orders Fair Employment Practice Laws Other Equal Employment Opportunity Issues 106 Sexual Harassment Sexual Orientation Highlights in HRM 2: Questions Used to Audit Sexual Harassment in the Workplace Immigration Reform and Control Emerging Employment Discrimination Issues Uniform Guidelines on Employee Selection Procedures Enforcing Equal Employment Opportunity Legislation The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission Record-Keeping and Posting Requirements Processing Discrimination Charges Highlights in HRM 3: EEOC Poster 116 Preventing Discrimination Charges Affirmative Action and Diversity Management Court Decisions 120

4 Highlights in HRM 4: Basic Steps in Developing an Effective Affirmative Action Program Beyond Affirmative Action: Leveraging Diversity Highlights in HRM 5: Embracing Diversity and Leveraging Employee Differences Summary 125 Key Terms 126 Discussion Questions 126 On the Job: Video Cases 127 HRM Experience: Sexual Harassment: A Frank Discussion 127 Appendix: Determining Adverse Impact: The Four-Fifths Rule 128 Notes and References 129 Chapter 4 The Analysis and Design of Work What Is Job Analysis and How Does It Affect Human Resources Management? 134 HRM Functions Affected by a Job Analysis Sources of Job Analysis Data Controlling the Accuracy of the Job Data Collected Methods Used to Collect Job Analysis Data and Analyze It Highlights in HRM 1: The Job Analysis Interview Parts of a Job Description Highlights in HRM 2: Job Description for an Employment Assistant Problems with Job Descriptions Writing Clear and Specific Job Descriptions Job Design 147 Job Characteristics Model: Designing Jobs to Motivate Employees 149 Highlights in HRM 3: Empowered Employees Achieve Results Designing Work for Employee Teams Flexible Work Schedules Highlights in HRM 4: How to Request a Flexible Work Schedule Summary 160 Key Terms Discussion Questions 162 On the Job: Video Cases 162 HRM Experience: Establishing Ground Rules for a Team's Success 163 Notes and References 164

5 Developing Effectiveness in Human Resources Chapter 5 Human Resource Planning and Recruitment 166 Strategic Aspects of Recruiting 168 Who Should Do the Recruiting? Should a Firm Recruit Internally or Externally? Labor Markets Branding 172 Recruiting Internally 172 Highlights in HRM Marriott's Recruitment Principles: Living Up to the Employment Brand 173 Recruiting Externally 175 Highlights in HRM 2: Employee Referral Programs That Work Highlights in HRM 3: Making Your Internship Program a Success Improving the Effectiveness of Recruiting 185 Using Realistic Job Previews Surveys 186 Recruiting Metrics 186 Career Management: Developing Talent over Time 188 The Goal: Matching Individual and Organizational Needs Identifying Career Opportunities and Requirements Highlights in HRM 4: Career Path of Jeff Bezos, Founder of Amazon.com Career Development Initiatives 198 Developing a Diverse Talent Pool 204 Recruiting and Developing Women 204 Recruiting and Developing Minorities 207 Other Important Talent Concerns 208 Recruiting the Disabled 208 Highlights in HRM 5: Recruiting for Diversity 209 Employing the Older Workforce Highlights in HRM 6: Hiring and Retaining Employees with Disabilities Employing Dual Career Couples Summary 213 Key Terms 214 Discussion Questions 214 On the Job: Video Cases

6 HRM Experience: Career Management 215 Notes and References 215 Appendix: Personal Career Development 218 Developing Personal Skills and Competencies 218 Choosing a Career 218 Highlights in HRM 7: The Seven Career Competencies Use of Available Resources 220 Accuracy of Self-Evaluation 221 Interest Inventories Informational Interviews, Job Shadowing, and Internships 223 Evaluating Long-Term Employment Opportunities 223 Choosing an Employer 223 Becoming an Entrepreneur 224 Highlights in HRM 8: Questions to Ask Yourself Before You Accept a Job Offer 224 Keeping a Career in Perspective 225 Developing Off-the-Job Interests 225 Balancing Marital and/or Family Life 226 Planning for Retirement 226 Key Terms 227 Notes and References 227 Chapter 6 Selection and Placement 228 Overview of the Selection Process 230 Begin with a Job Analysis 231 Steps in the Selection Process 231 Obtaining Reliable and Valid Information 232 Initial Screening 233 Cover Letters and Resumes 233 Internet Checks and Phone Screening 234 Application Forms 235 Online Applications 237 Employment Interviews 237 The Nondirective Interview 238 The Structured Interview 238 The Situational Interview 239 The Behavioral Description Interview 239

7 Highlights in HRM Sample Situational Interview Question 239 Panel and Sequential Interviews 240 Highlights in HRM 2: Hiring Managers Reveal Mistakes Candidates Make during Job Interviews 240 Phone Interviews 241 Computer Interviews 241 Video Interviews 242 Guidelines for Employment Interviewers 242 Diversity Management: Are Your Questions Legal? 244 Post-Interview Screening 245 Reference Checks 245 Highlights in HRM 3: Appropriate and Inappropriate Interview Questions 246 Highlights in HRM 4: Sample Reference-Checking Questions 247 Background Checks 248 Credit Checks 248 Preemployment Tests 249 Types of Tests 251 Determining the Validity of Tests 258 Highlights in HRM 5: Best Practices for Employee Testing and Selection 260 Reaching a Selection Decision 261 Summarizing Information about Applicants 262 Decision-Making Strategy 262 Final Decision 265 Summary 266 Key Terms 267 Discussion Questions 267 HRM Experience: Designing Selection Criteria and Methods 268 On the Job: Video Cases 268 Notes and References 269 Chapter 7 Training Employees 272 The Scope of Training 274 Investments in Training 274 A Strategic Approach to Training 275 Phase 1: Conducting the Needs Assessment 276 Organization Analysis 277 Task Analysis 279

8 Highlights in HRM A Competency Assessment for a Managerial Position 280 Person Analysis 281 Phase 2: Designing the Training Program 282 Instructional Objectives 282 Trainee Readiness and Motivation 282 Principles of Learning 283 Characteristics of Instructors 286 Phase 3: Implementing the Training Program 287 Training Methods for Nonmanagerial Employees 287 Methods for Management Development 294 Tuition Assistance Programs 298 Corporate Universities 299 Phase 4: Evaluating the Training Program 300 Criterion Reactions 300 Criterion 2: Learning 301 Criterion 3: Behavior 301 Criterion 4: Results, or Return on Investment (ROI) 302 Highlights in HRM 2: Calculating Training ROI: Examples 303 Highlights in HRM 3: Benchmarking HR Training 304 Additional Training and Development Programs 305 Orientation Training 305 Highlights in HRM 4: Checklist for Orienting New Employees 306 Onboarding 306 Basic Skills Training 307 Team Training and Cross-Training 308 Ethics Training 309 Diversity Training Highlights in HRM 5: Additional Ethics Training Resources Summary 313 Key Terms 314 Discussion Questions 314 On the Job: Video Cases 314 HRM Experience: Training and Learning Principles 315 Notes and References 316

9 Chapter 8 Evaluating and Enhancing Employee Performance 320 Performance Management Systems 322 Ongoing Performance Feedback 322 Performance Appraisal Programs 324 The Purposes of Performance Appraisal 324 Why Appraisal Programs Sometimes Fail 326 Developing an Effective Appraisal Program 329 What Are the Performance Standards? 329 Are You Complying with the Law? 331 Who Should Appraise an Employee's Performance? 333 Putting It All Together: 360-Degree Appraisal 336 Training Appraisers 338 Highlights in HRM Supervisor's Checklist for the Performance Appraisal 341 Trait Methods 342 Appraisal Methods 342 Highlights in HRM 2: Graphic Rating Scale with Provision for Comments 343 Highlights in HRM 3: Example of a Mixed-Standard Scale 344 Behavioral Methods 345 Highlights in HRM 4: BARS and BOS Examples 347 Results Methods 347 Highlights in HRM 5: Personal Scorecard 351 Which Performance Appraisal Method to Use? 352 Appraisal Interviews 352 Three Types of Appraisal Interviews 353 Conducting the Appraisal Interview 353 Improving Performance 357 Summary 359 Key Terms 361 Discussion Questions 361 On the Job: Video Cases 361 HRM Experience: Performance Diagnosis 362 Notes and References 363

10 Implementing Compensation and Security Chapter 9 Developing a Compensation Plan 368 What is Compensation? 370 Strategic Compensation 372 Linking Compensation to Organizational Objectives 373 The Standard 374 The Bases for Compensation 378 Compensation Pay Mix 379 Internal Factors 379 Highlights in HRM 1: Comparison of Compensation Strategies 381 External Factors 382 Job Evaluation Systems 385 Job Ranking System 386 Job Classification System 386 Point System 387 Work Valuation 387 Job Evaluation for Management Positions 388 Compensation Tools 388 Wage and Salary Surveys 388 Highlights in HRM 2: Bureau of Labor Statistics National Compensation Survey 390 The Wage Curve 391 Pay Grades 391 Rate Ranges 392 Competence-Based Pay 394 Compensation Assessment 395 Government Regulation of Compensation 396 Davis-Bacon Act of 396 Act of 396 Fair Labor Standards Act of (as Amended) 396 Highlights in HRM 3: Minimum Wage Laws in the States 397 Highlights in HRM 4: The Federal Wage Poster 399 Summary 402 Key Terms 403 Discussion Questions 404

11 HRM Experience: Why This Salary? 404 On the Job: Video Cases 405 Notes and References 406 Chapter 10 Rewarding Performance 408 Strategic Reasons for Incentive Plans 410 Incentive Plans as Links to Organizational Objectives Requirements for a Successful Incentive Plan Setting Performance Measures 414 Highlights in HRM 1: Setting Performance Administering Incentive Plans 416 Piecework Standard Hour Plan Bonuses 419 Merit Pay 419 Plans 417 Incentive Awards and Recognition 421 Sales Incentives 422 Keys Highlights in HRM 2: Customize Your Noncash Incentive Awards 423 Group Incentive Plans 424 Team Compensation 425 Gainsharing Incentive Plans 425 Highlights in HRM 3: Lessons Learned: Designing Effective Team Incentives 426 Enterprise Incentive Plans 428 Profit Sharing Plans 429 Stock Options 430 Employee Stock Ownership Plans (ESOPs) 430 Highlights in HRM 4: Employee Stock Option Plans 431 Incentives for Professional Employees 432 Incentives for Executives 434 The Executive Pay Package 434 Executive Compensation: Ethics and Accountability 437 Highlights in HRM 5: The "Sweetness" of Executive Perks 438 Executive Compensation Reform 438 Summary 439 Key Terms 440 Discussion Questions 440

12 HRM Experience: Awarding Salary Increases 441 On the Job: Video Cases 441 Notes and References 442 Chapter Creating a Benefits Package 446 Strategic Benefits Planning 448 Elements of a Successful Benefits Program 449 Communicating Employee Benefits Information 452 Employee Benefits Required by Law 453 Social Security Insurance 453 Highlights in HRM A Personalized Statement of Benefits Costs 454 Highlights in HRM 2: Who Is Eligible to Collect Disability Payments under the Social Security Act? 456 Unemployment Insurance 457 Workers' Compensation Insurance 457 COBRA Insurance 458 Benefits Provided by the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) 458 Benefits Provided under the Family and Medical Leave Act 459 Major Discretionary Employee Benefits 460 Health Care Benefits 460 Highlights in HRM 3: Your Rights under the Family and Medical Leave Act 461 Payment for Time Not Worked 467 Highlights in HRM 4: Other Methods for Containing Health Care Costs 467 Life Insurance 471 Long-Term Care Insurance 471 Retirement Programs 471 Pension Plans 472 Domestic Partner Benefits 475 Work-Life Balance and Other Benefits 476 Child and Elder Care 477 Other Benefits and Services 478 Summary 479 Key Terms 481 HRM Experience: Understanding Employer Benefit Programs 481 Discussion Questions 481 On the Job: Video Cases 482 Notes and References 482

13 Chapter Employee Health and Safety Issues 486 Safety and Health: It's the Law 488 Highlights in HRM Test Your Safety Smarts 489 OSHA's Coverage 489 OSHA Standards 490 Enforcing OSHA Standards 490 OSHA Consultation Assistance 492 Responsibilities and Rights under OSHA 493 Highlights in HRM 2: What Are My Responsibilities under the OSH Act? 494 OSHA's Enforcement Record 495 Promoting a Safe Work Environment 496 Creating a Culture of Safety 496 Enforcing Safety Rules 498 Investigating and Recording Accidents 500 Safety Hazards and Issues 502 Highlights in HRM 3: Texting While Driving: A Sample HR Policy 503 Highlights in HRM 4: Emergency Readiness Checklist 507 Creating a Healthy Work Environment 509 Highlights in HRM 5: Job Safety and Health Protection Poster Ergonomics Health Hazards and Issues Building Better Physical and Emotional Health among Employees Highlights in HRM 6: Substance Abuse Policy Statement for the "Red Lions" 521 Summary 521 Key Terms 522 Discussion Questions 523 HRM Experience 524 On the Job: Video Cases 524 ANSWERS TO HIGHLIGHTS IN HRM Notes and References 525 PaPt Enhancing Employee-Management Relations Chapter 13 Discipline and Employee Rights 528 Employee Rights and Privacy 530 Employee Rights vs. Employer Responsibilities 531

14 Negligent Hiring 531 Job Protection Rights 532 Highlights in HRM Examples of Statements 537 Privacy Rights 538 Electronic Surveillance 541 Highlights in HRM 2: A Sample Electronic Communications Policy 542 Disciplinary Policies and Procedures 549 The Result of Inaction 550 Setting Organizational Rules 551 Investigating a Disciplinary Problem 551 Approaches to Disciplinary Action 553 Discharging Employees 554 Alternative Dispute Resolution Procedures 556 Managerial Ethics in Employee Relations 560 Summary 561 Key Terms 562 Discussion Questions 562 On the Job: Video Cases 563 HRM Experience: Learning about Employee Rights 563 Notes and References 564 Chapter 14 Collective Bargaining and Labor Relations 568 Highlights in HRM Test Your Labor Relations Know-How 571 Government Regulation of Labor Relations 572 Railway Labor Act 573 Norris-LaGuardia Act 573 Wagner Act 573 Taft-Hartley Act 574 Act 575 Highlights in HRM 2: A Timeline of Government Involvement in American Labor Relations 576 The Labor Relations Process 578 Why Employees Unionize 578 Union Avoidance Practices 579 Organizing Campaigns 582 Employer Tactics Opposing Unionization 584 Highlights in HRM 3: United Food and Commercial Workers International Union Authorization Card 585 How Employees Become Unionized 585

15 Highlights in HRM 4: Employer "Don'ts" during Union Organizing Campaigns 586 NLRB Representation Election 586 Impact of Unionization on Managers 587 Highlights in HRM 5: NLRB Election Poster 588 Structures, Functions, and Leadership of Labor Unions 589 Structure and Functions of the 589 Structure and Functions of National Unions 590 Structure and Functions of Local Unions 590 Union Leadership Commitment and Philosophies 591 Labor Relations in the Public Sector 592 The Bargaining Process 593 Preparing for Negotiations 594 Gathering Bargaining Data 594 Developing Bargaining Strategies and Tactics 594 Negotiating the Labor Agreement 595 Good Faith Bargaining 596 Interest-Based Bargaining 597 Management and Union Power in Collective Bargaining 597 Resolving Bargaining Deadlocks 599 The Labor Agreement 599 The Issue of Management Rights 599 Highlights in HRM 6: in a Labor Agreement 600 Union Security Agreements 600 Administration of the Labor Agreement 601 Negotiated Grievance Procedures 601 The Grievance Procedure in Action 602 Grievance Arbitration 603 Contemporary Challenges to Labor Organizations 605 Decrease in Union Membership 605 Globalization and Technological Change 606 Summary 607 Key Terms 608 Discussion Questions 608 HRM Experience: Learn about Unions 609 On the Job: Video Cases 610 ANSWERS TO HIGHLIGHTS IN HRM 1 Notes and

16 Expanding Human Resources Management Horizons Chapter 15 Managing Human Resources on a Global Scale 614 The Global Environment 616 Global Similarities Global Differences 619 Managing across Borders 621 Domestic versus International HRM 622 Staffing Internationally 623 Recruiting Internationally 625 Selecting Employees Internationally 628 Highlights in HRM Skills of Expatriate Managers 632 Training and Development 634 Content of Training Programs 635 Highlights in HRM 2: Nonverbal Communications in Different Cultures 637 Highlights in HRM 3: Repatriation Checklist 643 Compensation 643 Compensation of Host-Country Employees 644 Compensation of Host-Country Managers 646 Compensation of Expatriate Managers 646 Performance Appraisal 649 Who Should Appraise Performance? 649 Home versus Host-Country Evaluations 649 Performance Criteria 650 Providing Feedback 651 The Labor Environment Worldwide 651 Collective Bargaining in Other Countries 653 International Labor Organizations 653 Labor Participation in Management 654 Summary 654 Key Terms 655 Discussion Questions 656 HRM Experience: An American (Expatriate) in Paris 656 On the Job: Video Cases 657 Notes and References 658

17 Chapter 16 Integrated Human Resources 662 Fundamental Principles 664 Shared Information 667 and Engagement 666 Knowledge Development 668 Performance-Reward Linkage 668 Anatomy of High-Performance Work Systems 669 Work-Flow Design and Teamwork 670 Complementary Human Resources Policies and Practices 670 Management Processes and Leadership 672 Supportive Information Technologies 673 Fitting It All Together 673 Ensuring Internal Fit 673 Establishing External Fit 674 Highlights in HRM Diagnosing Internal Fit 675 Highlights in HRM Testing the Alignment of the HR System with HR Deliverables 676 Assessing Strategic Alignment: The HR Scorecard 676 Highlights in HRM Testing the Alignment of HR Deliverables 677 Implementing the System 677 Building a Business Case for Change 678 Establishing a Communications Plan 679 Involving Unions 680 Navigating the Transition to High-Performance Work Systems 682 Evaluating and Sustaining the Success of the System 683 Outcomes of High-Performance Work Systems 685 Employee Outcomes and Quality of Work Life 685 Organizational Outcomes and Competitive Advantage 686 Highlights in HRM 2: The Impact of High-Performance Work Systems 687 Summary 688 Key Terms 689 Discussion Questions 689 On the Job: Video Cases 689 HRM Experience: Assessing the Strategic Fit of High-Performance Work Systems 690 Notes and References 691

18 Brief Cases 695 Chapter 1 Case Study The Global Management Consulting Firm Accenture Brings Employees Face to Face 695 Chapter 1 Case Study 2: Florida Company Fastens Its Sights on Global Growth 696 Chapter 2 Case Study Staffing, Down to a Science at Capital One 697 Chapter 2 Case Study 2: Matching Talent with Tasks: Dole Implements Succession Planning 699 Chapter 3 Case Study Can "FIDO" Come to Work? 701 Chapter 3 Case Study 2: Misplaced Affections: Discharge for Sexual Harassment 702 Chapter 4 Case Study Virtual Teams in Action: Building the F-35 Fighter 704 Chapter 4 Case Study 2: But My Job Has Changed 705 Chapter 5 Case Study Linking Up with Talent at Sylvania 706 Chapter 5 Case Study 2: Preparing a Career Development Plan 707 Chapter 6 Case Study Job Candidate Assessment Tests Go Virtual 709 Chapter 6 Case Study 2: Cleaning Up the Chapter 7 Case Study Loews Hotels: We Train to Please Chapter 7 Case Study 2: Texas Instruments: Learning to Walk in the Customer's Shoes 716 Chapter 7 Case Study 3: Kodak Gets the Picture in Executive Education Chapter 8 Case Study Appraising Employees at the San Diego Zoo 720 Chapter 8 Case Study 2: Bank of Montreal's Balanced Scorecard 722 Chapter 9 Case Study Pay Decisions at Performance Sports 724 Chapter 9 Case Study 2: Bomb's Away: JetPack's New Pay Strategy 725 Chapter Case Study Out but Rich at Home Depot 726 Chapter 10 Case Study 2: Team-Based Incentive Rewards: It's Not All Roses 727 Chapter Case Study Adobe's Family-Friendly Benefits: An Unexpected Backlash 728 Chapter Case Study 2: Evaluate the Climate in Your Company 729 Chapter Case Study Goes Violent 731 Chapter Case Study 2: Too Much Stress? You Decide 732 Chapter Case Study Discharged for Off-Duty Behavior 733 Chapter Case Study 2: You Can't Fire Me! Check Your Policy 734 Chapter Case Study A New Ball Game in Detroit 735

19 Chapter Case Study 2: The Arbitration Case of Jesse Stansky 736 Chapter Case Study How about a 900 Percent Raise? 737 Chapter Case Study 2: A "TurnAround" Repatriate Plan: U.S. Company Moves Indian Workers Back Home 738 Chapter Case Study 3: How Deloitte Builds Global Expertise 739 Chapter Case Study Engaging Employees "the Eileen Fisher Way" 743 Chapter Case Study 2: Whole Foods Motivates Its Employees in Innovative Ways 745 Integrative Cases 747 Case 1: Microsoft's MACH Program Designed to Help Millennial Grads Make a 747 Case 2: BNSF Railway: Training New Hires for Safety 749 Case 3: Job Analysis and Hiring Decisions at Ovania Chemical 751 Case 4: Love at Centrex Electronics 756 Case 5: Pepper Construction Group: Change in Safety Leads to Decline in Injuries and Illnesses 758 Case 6: Realigning HR Practices at Egan's Clothiers 761 Case 7: A Performance Appraisal Snafu 764 Case 8: The Last Straw for Aero Engine 768 Case 9: Employee Selection and Training at Meadowbrook Golf and Golf Ventures West 770 Case Decision to Downsize: An Ethical Dilemma 772 Case Someone Has to Go: A Tough Layoff Decision 774 Glossary 777 Name Index 789 Organization Index 791 Subject Index 795