The changing UK economy

Transcription

1 The changing UK economy Name: Teacher name: This booklet is your responsibility You are to complete all tasks within this booklet This work is a vital part of the GCSE AQA course and forms part of section B of Paper 2, the Human exam. You have access to the online textbook via Kerboodle E-textbook: Your login username is the first letter of your forename and your surname, you should know your password. E.g. fmcallister. Institution code - obn0 You should use this and the internet to help you complete all the tasks. This work should be complete and ready to hand in on your first Geography lesson back. All tasks should be completed to a good standard. Where these standards are not met, you will be asked to improve and correct your work until it does. This will take place in N1.4 in afterschool support sessions. Should you have any problems completing the work, it is your responsibility to Mrs McAllister for support at fmcallister@longsands.cambs.sch.uk 0

2 Potential 9 marker command words Types of connectives you can use Adding Time Cause/Effect Contrasting Assess/ Evaluative Moreover Also As well as Furthermore Next Then Finally Meanwhile Eventually Because Therefore So Consequently As a result of However Alternatively Although Except Whereas While How to answer different types of questions On one hand On the other hand One could argue More significant Less significant Overall Command word Define Identify / State / Name Describe / Outline Compare Suggest Meaning Give a clear statement of the word Give the meaning of a term Indicate who or what Recall or select one or more pieces of information Set out characteristics or features Give an account of the main characteristics of something or the steps in a process Identify the similarities and differences Find the similarities and or the difference of two elements Put forward your ideas Provide a reasoned response of how or why something occurs with a justification, using your own knowledge Structur e P P P.E. P.E.E P.E.E P.E.E. Explain Give a reasoned answer why Provide a reasoned response of how or why something occurs using connectives P.E.E P.E.E Assess or To what extent Make an informed judgement Use evidence to determine the relative significance of something. Give consideration to all factors and then identify which are the most important Discuss Present key points about different ideas, viewpoints or strengths and weaknesses of an idea Talk or write about (a topic) in detail, taking into account different issues or ideas Justify Support your opinion with evidence To show or prove something to be right, with the use of evidence (facts) Evaluate To review both sides then draw a conclusion using evidence to support your conclusions Review information, then bring it together drawing conclusions based on evidence such as strengths and weaknesses 1

3 Key Term Knowledge Organiser The changing UK economy Key word Definition Symbol Industrialisation An increase in the use of machinery and the development of factories to turn raw products into manufactured ones (secondary industry) Deindustrialisation A decline in manufacturing (secondary) industry and subsequent growth of tertiary employment. Globalisation Science park Is the growth and spread of ideas around the world, either through cultures, people, money, good or information. A group of scientific and technical knowledgebased business located on a single site. Business park E.U Commonwealth Is an area of land occupied by a cluster of businesses. Business parks are usually located on the edge of towns. The European Union (which we are still currently part of). It was first set up as a trading group, but now has political influence across the world. A voluntary group of 53 countries most of which were British colonies. It is an important trading and cultural link for the UK What you need to know for this unit; The effects of de-industrialisation on UK cities and the move towards a post industrial economy Development of the quaternary sector and science and business parks (post-industrial economy) Impacts of industry on the environment and an example of how it can be more sustainable Changing rural populations and it s social and economic impacts The North-south divide and potential solutions Improvements to UK transport networks and the impact on the economy UK links to the wider world, trade, transport, political and economic 2

4 How has the UK economy changed?(e-textbook pages ) Task 1a Match the correct definition to the image using a ruler. Quaternary industry high level skills and education pharmaceutical developer Primary industry extracting materials from the ground farming/agriculture Secondary industry taking the raw material and making it into something else industry Tertiary industry providing a service to people solicitor Task 2 Explain why the quaternary sector only started in approximately 1950 onwards? (p e-textbook will help) Task 3 Look at the pie charts below on the UK s employment structure. Describe the changes in employment and discuss the potential issues these changes may bring Between 1800 and 2006 Primary activity has declined by This may have led to a decline in the number of farmers which would then lead to On the other hand 3

5 What is Deindustrialisation? Task 4: Define the term above. Deindustrialisation is Task 5a: Read & highlight the passage below and the information on p170/171. Think back to your work on Bristol. In the past it was a vibrant port used for importing tobacco used for manufacturing cigarettes as well as importing wine from France to make sherry. Following deindustrialisation the port went into decline and many of the warehouses around the port became derelict. Unemployment rates soared as the port and nearby factories closed. Today this area has undergone significant change and regeneration. The city has focused on developing its culture and entertainment facilities. The Watershed media centre, which includes a cinema, studios, art gallery and cafe bar was formerly two warehouses. Other warehouses such as those on the harbour front have been converted into much needed residential property. These changes have created 3000 new jobs in the area. There has also been a move towards high-tech industries such as Aerospace and Aardman Animations. These industries can draw on the highly skilled university graduates. These high-tech industries have also created important new job opportunities for the city. Deindustrialisation had its biggest impacts in the north; in cities such as Manchester and Birmingham, where there was an even great dependence on industry and manufacturing which led to wide spread poverty in these northern cities. Task 5b: Using the information above and on page , Explain two ways deindustrialisation has affected cities in the UK. [4marks] One way Bristol was affected was A second way was 4

6 Task 6a: Identify which reasons for the change in the UK economy are, political (down to government decisions), due to deindustrialisation (decline in industry), or because of globalisation (easy of global communication). Colour the key then the statements. Key Political Deindustrialisation Globalisation 1. Mechanisation (the use of machines) has taken place as businesses and farms began to replace many workers for machines as they are generally more reliable and cheaper to run. 2. The UK Government in the 1970s and 1980s sold or turned many of its secondary and primary industries to companies in a process called privatisation. This cost many jobs in steel making and coal in particular. 6. Some primary industries have been affected by laws and treaties fishing is limited by quotas imposed by the European Union 3. Many factories in the UK have shut down and production has continued in low income countries, which have less educated workforces, limited health and safety or no minimum wage laws. This makes costs cheaper 7. Newly Emerging economies like China opened their countries to global business in the 1980s and many UK firms chose to move there. 4. In 2013 nearly 50% of young people in the UK entered university, and this results in a very high demand and high aspirations for graduate level jobs often in services and the quaternary sector. 8. Many of the UK s secondary industries like arms manufacture and coal heavily polluted the environment 5. Many industries like coal have shut down as firms chose to import this and other resources from abroad where both labour and land were cheaper 9. Much cheaper crops can be imported from countries overseas where mass production bring costs down and labour and land are both cheaper than in the UK. 10. Many UK governments have invested in the knowledge economy rather than primary and secondary industries 11. The UK government pumped nearly 5billion into high tech research and development in The UK and EU have very strict laws for environmental pollution for businesses, this makes it expensive to make products here. Task 6b: Using the information above, assess which factors were the most significant in causing the decline of industry in the UK. [6 marks] 5

7 Post-industrial economies Task 7: As you watch the video clip and use page of the e-textbook to help you answer the following questions. 1. What is a post-industrial economy? 2. How have developments in IT helped the UK move to a post-industrial economy? Task 8: Service industries have grown rapidly since the 1970s. Complete the fact file below on the UK service and finance industries using page 236 of the e-textbook. Fact File: Service and Finance industries in the UK Today it contributes % to UK economy up from % in 1948 Service jobs include jobs like Finance includes Financial sector accounts for about % of the UKs GDP It employs over people Task 9: Complete the fact file for the research industry using page 237. Fact File: UKs Research Sector Research sector is part of the. sector It employs over highly qualified people in the UK. Estimated to contribute to the UK economy. Research takes place in both such as and Examples of some research organisations include;,, 6

8 The development of science and business parks in the UK (p e-textbook) Task 10: Read through the information below on science and business parks and then answer the questions below. Science parks Q1: What is a science park?... Q2: How many science parks are located across the UK? Q3: Where do most science parks associate and why do they locate in that area? Q4: How many people work in UK science parks?... Business Parks Q1: What is a business park?... Q2: Where are business parks usually located?... Q3: Why do they locate hear? Give 3 reasons

9 Science and Business Parks in the UK- Examples Task 11: Using page 238/239 of the e-textbook, complete the table below. Science Park - Southampton Describe where the science park is located, using the map (right) How has the area around the science park developed since 1986 and what companies can be found there? Benefits for companies locating in science parks (note down 4 benefits below) Business Park Colbalt p239 e-textbook Describe where Colbalt business park is located include the 4 figure grid reference. Using map evidence identify transport links in the area and suggest why good transport links might be important to the Colbalt Business Park. Why did the government provide assistance for businesses to relocate to this area? 8

10 Changing rural landscape in the UK and the impact of industry on the Environment (p e-textbook) Photo A Photo B Task 12: Using the two photo s above, identify how industry is impacting the environment Task 13: Read page 240 describe the different ways industry can impact the landscape and the environment Task 14: Explain what industry can do to be more sustainable (use the internet and p240) Look up the definition of sustainable first

11 Task 15: Quarrying is a primary activity that extracts raw materials from the ground. They often cover very large areas and can be very harmful to the environment. Watch the following video clip make notes on why environmentalist groups want quarrying to stop. (you could also use page 240 to help you) Task 16 Using what you have learnt from task 14, p240 and your own knowledge, look at the image below and suggest how the quarrying/mining industry is damaging the environment. Annotate your suggestions around the image. Task 17 If the quarry was closed down, would this make the area more sustainable? Justify your response. 10

12 How can industry become more sustainable? Example (Torr Quarry, Somerset) Task 18 Using page 241 in the text book, complete the table below Torr Quarry, Somerset Sustainability within a rural area What rock is quarried at Torr Quarry and what is it used for? How many people does Torr Quarry employ? How much does Torr Quarry generate for the local economy? How is rock transported away from the quarry? How does this reduce this reduce the impact on the environment? Identify 3 others ways in which Torr Quarry is being sustainable, that is not related to transport. 11

13 Changing rural landscapes Task 19: Watch the video clip make notes about how rural areas in the UK are changing Task 20: Complete the comparison table below on rural population growth and decline. (p of the e-textbook) Rural population growth and decline South Cambridgeshire - Growth The Outer Hebrides - Decline Where is it located? Where is it located? Why has there been population growth? Why has there been population decline? What are the social effects of a growing population? What are the social effects of a declining population? 12

14 What are the economic effects of a growing population? What are the economic effects of a declining population? Task 21: Exam Practice- Using an example explain the social and economic impacts of rural change? [6 marks]

15 The North-South Divide in the UK (p e-textbook) The north south divide refers to the real or imagined cultural and economic differences between the South (London and the south east and south west) and the North (Yorkshire and the Humber, the north east and north west) Task 22: Read page 248 and explain how industrialisation in the past has led the northsouth divide we see today. Task 24a Study the statistics below. What evidence is there to support the idea of a north-south divide? What differences can you identify? North East North West Yorkshire & Humberside West Midlands South West East Midlands East Anglia South East Average pay ( ) % unemployed % in poverty Life expectancy (against average) Task 24b Using just the statistics above, answer the two questions below: Q1 What is the evidence that the South East has the highest wealth and quality of life? Q2: Which region appears to be most disadvantaged and why? (use evidence from the table) 14

16 Task 25: Read page 249, it provides a number of ways the UK government is trying to address the issue using regional strategies. Using the information on p249 complete the table below Enterprise zones Local enterprise partnerships Lancashire LEP Transport improvements Task 26: Using the notes from your completed table, explain how investments in superfast broadband might help reduce the north-south divide. Task 27: Which strategy do you think will be most effective? Justify your choice. 15

17 The changing transport infrastructure of the UK (p e textbook) Task 28 Complete the graph below using the data from the table Region No. of jobs created North East and Yorkshire North West Midlands East of England London and South east South West ? Task 29: A total of 6,200 regional jobs were created by the Road Investment Strategy. Calculate and complete the column graph above for the South West region. Task 30: Read the key information below and highlight/underline key points about the road & rail improvements and new developments in the UK. Transport involves the movement of people, goods and services. Improvements in transport have enabled the UKs economy to grow and develop. This remains a major issue for the future. Transport developments affect both employment and regional growth. The government has announced a 15 billion Road Investment Strategy to increase capacity and conditions of roads, boosting local and regional economies as well as creating thousands of jobs. Investment in rail aims to bring the north and the south of the UK closer together by shortening travel times. The biggest project is the HS2 (High Speed 2) rail line which will connect London to Birmingham and then to Sheffield, Leeds, Manchester, Newcastle, Glasgow and Edinburgh. This is expected to cost upwards of 50billion and is due to be completed by However, the process is being slowed as many people are against it, due to the damage it will cause to rural landscapes, wildlife and habitats and the noise it will create for people living close by. Once complete it should increase access to London which will open up new job opportunities for those willing to commute and make the north a more attractive location for new investment and businesses. 16

18 Task: 31: Complete the table below with the details of UK transport improvements. (You will need pages of the e-textbook) Transport improvement Smart Motorways Location & type of improvement M25 & M1 Extra lanes added to main motorways Cost Economic benefits Social benefits billion invested in improving UK roads South-West Super Highway Road from. 2 billion HS2 Railway line from London s Crossrail Liverpool 2 Port: new container terminal Expansion of Heathrow Airport Airport: New runway 17

19 Task 32: Describe how either a road or rail project in the UK will benefit the economy (4) Task 33: Read the information below on how improvements to UK airports and sea ports have benefited the UK s economy, highlight key points. (pages of the e-textbook) Key information to read about port & airport improvements and new developments in the UK The UK port industry is the largest in Europe due to the length of coastline and trade history. The largest port for containers is Felixstowe and for freight it s Dover. About 32 million passengers travel through UK ports each year and they employ over 120,000 people. Airports are also very important to the UK economy as they create vital global links. They provide over 300,000 jobs and boost the economic growth, both regionally and nationally. The aviation industry contributes 3.6% of the UK s GDP. More than 750,000 international flights depart from the UK annually to over 114 countries. They provide opportunities for trade and tourism as well as connecting people and businesses. Task 34: Using the information above and your own knowledge, explain how improvements in ports and airports can benefit both the regional and national UK economy. [6marks]

20 The UK in the wider world (p e-textbook) Task 35: Use the diagram in UK trade to answer the following questions Q1: State the UK s main export trading partner (1)... Q2: State the UK s main import trading partner (1)... Q3: What does this suggest about trade between the UK and the wider world? (2) Task 36: Look at the images below and identify the different links that the UK has with the wider world: Match the terms below with one of the images. Trade Culture (television / fashion/ music/ films/ festivals/food) Transport Electronic communication 19

21 Task 37: Using page 250/251 of the textbook, complete the table below on how, trade, culture, transport and electronic communication, link the UK to the rest of the world. Trade How the UK links to the wider world Culture Transport Electronic communication Task 38: In your opinion, do you think the UK benefits by having close links with the rest of the world? Justify your response

22 Task 39: Look at the diagram below on how the EU affects the UK. Using 2 colours and the key below, categorise whether it is a positive effect or a negative effect. Positive effect Negative effect Challenge In your opinion, should the UK have stayed in the EU or was it right to leave? Justify your opinion below... 21