Research Article The Synergy between City Human Resources and City Economy Development Based on the City Marketing: The Case of Chengdu

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1 Mathematcal Problems n Engneerng, Artcle ID , 9 pages Research Artcle The Synergy between Cty Human Resources and Cty Economy Development Based on the Cty Marketng: The Case of Chengdu Bo Pu 1 and Yanjun Qu 2 1 School of Economcs and Management, Southwest Jaotong Unversty, Chengdu , Chna 2 Department of Internatonal Cooperaton and Exchange and School of Cvl Engneerng, Southwest Jaotong Unversty, Chengdu , Chna Correspondence should be addressed to Bo Pu; ppuubo@hotmal.com Receved 21 July 2014; Accepted 1 August 2014; Publshed 18 August 2014 Academc Edtor: Guwu We Copyrght 2014 B. Pu and Y. Qu. Ths s an open access artcle dstrbuted under the Creatve Commons Attrbuton Lcense, whch permts unrestrcted use, dstrbuton, and reproducton n any medum, provded the orgnal work s properly cted. Cty human resources and the cty economc have a synergstc effect to attract hgh-qualty talent and to encourage the sustanable of the urban economy n the cty marketng. Based on synergetcs, we fnd out the evaluaton ndexes between the cty human resources subsystem and urban economc subsystem and constructed the evaluaton system and model, and then used the yearbook data of Chengdu human resources and economc from 2002 to 2012 and carred on emprcal research. The results show that the level of coordnated s weak between cty human resources and cty economc at Chengdu, but t keeps rsng slowly. The strong polcy support shall be provded to Chengdu human resources and economc by Chengdu government. 1. Introducton The cty s an mportant node and fulcrum of economc actvtes, poltcal lfe, and cultural. Wth the economc globalzaton, talents have been attracted by the cty to expand ts human resources and to promote the of economy, so talent s crtcal to economc and socal progress of the cty. As a platform of the talent and economc, the cty should mplement cty marketng, n order to meet the demands of cty human resources and economc growth. Therefore, t has a crucal practcal sgnfcance for promotng the cty economc growth and the cty sustanablty to measure and test the synergy degree between cty human resources and cty economc. Chna s facng the pressure of urbanzaton; how to mprove cty brandng, to attract hgh-qualty talent, and to stmulate and promote economc sustanable are an essental problem now. Chengdu s an mportant economc center n the West; the status of cty human resources and economc drectly mpact on urbanzaton level, and wll affect the process of Chengdu s dream about Constructon of World Modern Garden Cty. Especally regardng the Wenchuan earthquake n 2008, whether t hadmpactonchengduhumanresourcesandeconomc s just an nterestng queston. Talent, as a major competton n the world, has a huge promotng and pushng effect on the economc. Under the background of cty marketng, talent aggregaton effect promotes the of an urban economy effectvely. Evaluaton of cty human resources and economc has mportant practcal sgnfcance for makng talent ntroducton polcyofthectyandopenngthemuncpalfscalplace. Accordngly, the research technque route was descrbed about the synergy degree between cty human resources and cty economc, as shown n Fgure Lterature Revew 2.1. Synergy and Synergetcs. As early as 1984, Haken had clamed that synergetcs s a rather feld of nterdscplnary research and can be of assstance to the management subject

2 2 Mathematcal Problems n Engneerng Quantty of cty human resources The subsystem of cty human resources Qualty of cty human resources Demand of cty human resources Data acquston Order degree of cty human resources Synergetc system of cty human resources and cty economc Cty marketng Supply of cty human resources Level of cty economc management Synergy degree Analyss of result The subsystem of cty economc Level of cty prmary ndustry Level of cty secondary ndustry Data processng Order degree of cty economc Level of cty tertary ndustry Message feedback and polcy makng Fgure 1: The research technque route. [1]. Later, Knyazeva advocated that synergetcs wll go for a wde applcaton feld [2]. Today ntegraton concept and synergetc theory are largely followed n modern management [3], such as a synergetc model for mplementng an envronmental management, occupatonal health, and safety management systems [4]. Some researchers pad great attenton to the synergy among the ndustry, scentfc nnovaton, energy resources, and self-organzaton. For example, Rofqul Islam et al., Varga, and Kuehr studed the synergy on the recovery and renewable resources [5, 6]; d Vta and ElíassonandTurnovskyfocusedonthesynergy of renewable resources and the techncal substtuton [7, 8]. To sum up, these studes try to use synergetcs n management research but have yet to be further appled n technology and economy, busness, and management studes Cty Marketng. Cty marketng began n the 1930s, ncludng three stages roughly, such as Fragmented Promotonal Actvtes, Cty Marketng Mx, and Towards Cty Brandng [9 11], and several academc schools came nto beng on the cty marketng. For nstance, n the school of poltcal orentaton, Ashworth and Voogd clamed that essentally cty marketng nvolves the establshment of a partcular relatonshp between producers and consumers, that s both close and permanent. Ths n turn necesstates the study of both the spatal and organzatonal structures ofthectyasaproductaswellasthecharacterstcs,market behavor, and needs of the dentfed users as consumers [12]. In the school of economcs, economc as the ultmate goal of cty marketng amed at promotng urban growth n wealth [13, 14]. Specfcally, Kotler manly focused on two aspects between the economy (ctzens, companes, and communtes) and socety (toursts and nvestors), analyzed the cty marketng customers the cty human resources, such as local resdents, employees, and nvestors. Meanwhle, Brotche et al. scholars focused on cty marketng to enhance cty compettveness and to promote the of cty economy [15]. So the cty marketng s the means to acheve a cty polcy; cty managers break through the bottleneck of urban through the use of varous marketng strateges, to enhance compettveness [16, 17]. In addton, Kavaratzs s nterested n the theory of cty brand [18], Zenker et al. researched the cty marketng ctzen satsfacton [19], and so on. Accordng to these studes, some subjects attract the attenton of the scholars, such as the concept and scope of cty marketng, the relatonshp between cty marketng and economc, the relatonshp between cty marketng and human resources, cty brandng, and the means and motve of cty marketng Human Resources and Economc Development. There exsts a strong connecton between economc growth and human [20, 21]. Importance of human resource can be undenable rrespectve of developed and underdeveloped economes [22]. So the ultmate goal of economc progress s the sustanable of human

3 Mathematcal Problems n Engneerng 3 bengs, and talent can effectvely promote the of economy. The relatonshp between human resource and economc has been attracted by scholars from the perspectve of macro. What s the relatonshp of t to the cty?mancaandflesheretal.focusonthehumancaptal and economc growth on regon [23, 24]. It s worth notng that Flesher studed a related queston about Chna and suggested that talent ntroducton should be undertaken for the of socal economy about the cty. From what has been revewed above, the exstng research focuses on the relatonshp between human resource and economc but has not been concerned wth what the coordnated of both does. So, ths study uses synergetcs theory and analyses the synergy degree of cty human resources and cty economc to promote the orderly of both under the background of cty marketng. 3. Model Constructon Accordng to the research synergetcs [25, 26], the model should nclude the changng of the assocated elements between the subsystem of human resource and the subsystem of economc, the order degree of order parameter, and the mportant nfluental factors between subsystems Order Parameters. Some ndexes of the level of human resources have been selected on the order parameters of the cty human resources subsystem, such as quantty of cty human resources, qualty of cty human resources, the demand of cty human resources, and the supply of cty human resources. Meanwhle, Some ndexes of the level of cty economc have been found out about the order parameters of the cty economc subsystem, such as the management level of cty economcs, the level of cty prmary ndustry, the level of cty secondary ndustry, and the level of cty tertary ndustry. Precse quanttatve system s shown n Table Subsystem Order Degree. The composte system s an organc whole of cty human resources and cty economc wthn the jursdcton area of a cty. In ths system, the subsystem of cty human resources and the subsystem of the cty economy nteracted wth each other. Therefore, the composte system on cty human resources and economc s expressed as s=f(x 1,x 2 ),where x 1 represents the subsystem of cty human resources, x 2 s on behalf of the subsystem of cty economc, and f s a composte functon. The order parameter of the subsystem of cty human resources and cty economc s x j = (x j1, x j2,...,x jk ), [1,l], j [1,m], l 1, m 1; t can descrbe the runnng state of the second subsystem (j) about cty human resources and economc, where α jk s upper lmt and β jk s lower lmt. There are β jk x jk α jk, k [1,n]and n 2. In addton, the ndcator has two knds: one s postve ndex. The order degree s better when the parameter values are hgher; conversely, t s the lower. The other s negatve ndex; the order degree s better when the parameter values are lower. Order degree of order parameter (x jk ) can be defned { Y j (x j )= α jk x jk { { x jk β jk α jk β jk α jk β jk ( [1, 2],j [1, 4],k [1, t]) when order degree ncreases wth x jk, ( [1, 2],j [1, 4],k [t+1,n]) when order degree decreases wth x jk, where y j (x j ) [0,1]; ts value s greater and ts contrbuton s hgher n systematc order degree. Overall, the contrbuton of order parameter (y )canbe shown by y j (x j ). For usng dfferent forms of data, t s necessarytousethelnearweghtedsummethodfordata processng. The order degree model of subsystem s followed: Y (x )= n k=1 w k Y j (x j ), w k 0, n k=1 (1) w k =1. (2) 3.3. Index Weght. At present, common methods nclude subjectve values and objectve method. The former has expert scorng method and Delph method; the later nclude entropy value method, the standard devaton method, and CRITIC method [27]. Ths study selected CRITIC method to wegh the ndex. Frstly, confrmng the effect of ndexes k=1 C k =δ k n (1 r jk ), k=1,...,n. (3) Among them, C k represents the mpact of the ndex (k) on the subsystem, δ k s half on the standard devaton of the ndex (k), andr jk represents the correlaton coeffcent between the ndex (j) and the ndex (k). ThegreatertheC k value, the more mportant t s to the subsystem. Secondly, confrmng the weght of ndex C k w k = n k=1 C, k=1,...,n, (4) k where w k s the objectve weght of the ndex (k); then the weght coeffcent was ganed Synergy Degree Model. Synergy degree model s sutable for the quanttatve descrpton of the system and s a functon of the ndependent varable of the order parameter. So the functon value s the system synergy degree (SD). The subsystem order degree s Y j (x ) when the system s at a gven ntal moment; after a perod of tme or at the next

4 4 Mathematcal Problems n Engneerng Table 1: The evaluaton ndex of cty human resources and cty economc. Total system subsystem Order parameters of the second system The Order parameters ndex of the second system unts Quantty of human resources (x 11 ) Sze of urban populaton (x 111 ) Sze of urban labor (x 112 ) Ten thousand people Ten thousand people The annual growth rate of urban employment (x 113 ) Qualty of human resources (x 12 ) Cultural qualty of human resources (x 121 ):proportonofemploymentgot Junor hgh school Rate of professonal and techncal labor (x 122 ):proportonofprofessonaland techncal personnel Subsystem of cty human resource (x 1 ) Demand of human resources (x 13 ) Rate of Innovatve busness labor (x 123 ): proporton of prvate persons Consumer demand of human resources (x 131 ): annual dscretonary ncome per capta about urban resdents household Investment demand of human resources (x 132 ): urban resdents depost balance (Yuan) (Bllon Yuan) Growng demand of human resources (x 133 ): annual per capta wage (Yuan) The system of cty human resource and cty economc (s) Supply of human resources (x 14 ) Educaton sze (x 141 ):Thetotalnumberof students Educaton nvestment (x 142 ): educaton from fscal spendng every year Learnng resources (x 143 ): per capta amount of books Ten thousand people (Bllon Yuan) A book Output effect per km2 (x 211 ):GDPper square klometers Bllon Yuan GDP per square klometers The level of cty economc management (x 21 ) Output effect per person (x 212 ):GDPper ten thousand people Water consumpton of GDP (x 213 ):water consumpton per ten thousand Yuan GDP Bllon Yuan GDP per ten thousand people hundred mllon tons of water per ten thousand Yuan of GDP Subsystem of cty economc (x 2 ) The level of cty prmary ndustry (x 22 ) Power consumpton of GDP (x 214 ):power consumpton per ten thousand Yuan GDP The annual growth rate of prmary ndustral producton (x 221 ) The annual growth rate of prmary ndustral practtoners (x 222 ) hundred mllon kwh per ten thousand Yuan of GDP The level of cty secondary ndustry (x 23 ) The annual growth rate of secondary ndustral producton (x 231 ) The annual growth rate of secondary ndustral practtoners (x 232 ) The level of cty tertary Industry (x 24 ) The annual growth rate of tertary ndustral producton (x 241 ) The annual growth rate of tertary ndustral practtoners (x 242 )

5 Mathematcal Problems n Engneerng 5 Table2:ThectymarketngeventsofChengdufrom2002to2012. Year Events of cty marketng Effect 2002 The Western Chna Investment Forum Attracted the nvestment Chengdu Real Estate Industry Expo, The 68th Chna Food and Drnks Far Chengdu Bg Temple Far, The 70th Chna Food and Drnks Far, The 1st Internatonal Food and Tour Festval of Chna Chengdu Image Ads Chengdu: enjoy your lfe, Schuan Internatonal Frendshp Ctes Cooperaton and Development Week, Chengdu Real Estate Industry Expo, The 72nd Chna Food and Drnks Far, The 2nd Internatonal Food and Tour Festval of Chna Chna Frst Rural Toursm Festval, The 74th Chna Food and Drnks Far, The3rdInternatonalFoodandTourFestvalofChna The Reform Plot Area of Natonal Urban and Rural Development, Chengdu Gourmet Festval, The Urban Forest Forum n Chna, The4thInternatonalFoodandTourFestvalofChna The Actvty Thanks Supports, Enjoy New Lfe, The 78th Chna Food and Drnks Far, The 5th Internatonal Food and Tour Festval of Chna The Gold Panda Card for Vstng 11 Chengdu Attractons Freely, The 80th Chna Food and Drnks Far, The6thInternatonalFoodandTourFestvalofChna The 82nd Chna Food and Drnks Far, The 7th Internatonal Food and Tour Festval of Chna The 84th Chna Food and Drnks Far, The8thInternatonalFoodandTourFestvalofChna The 86th Chna Food and Drnks Far, The9thInternatonalFoodandTourFestvalofChna Showed habtable envronment EmbodedtheChengduculture Showed the new mage Opened the nternatonal market on toursm Ganed the polcy support, won the honor the best toursm cty of Chna Showed the new mage of Dujangyan Recalled the vstors confdence Ganed the name World Food Cty Won the honor the most famous cultural cty n Chna and the people s lvelhood model cty n Chna Won the honor the best lesure cty of Chna and the fourth happest ctes n Chna moment (t j+1 ), the subsystem order degree wll be changed Y j+1 (x ): 2 SD = n [Y j+1 (x ) Y j (x )], (5) =1 where SD [0, 1]; t embodes the synergy between subsystems. When ts value s close to 1, the level of synergysverygoodbetweenctyhumanresourcesandcty economc. When ts value s close to 0, the level s very terrble. It s notced that the synergy degree s 0 when Y j+1 (x ) or Y j (x ) have some questons. 4. Emprcal Study on Chengdu Cty 4.1. Samplng and Data. Marketng campagns are great weapon for cty marketng, such as the cultural events [28], sports events [29], the World EXPO [30, 31], and conferences [32]. Through careful plannng, these one-tme and seral marketng campagns brstle wth nnovatve themes capable of great effect. Not only t s newsworthy, but also t s an applcable standard n the cty marketng. In ths respect, Chengdu has gathered a wealth of experence n ts promoton (Table 2). Many marketng campagns have gotten the attenton of toursts and nvestors, such as Chna Food and Drnks Far every year, Internatonal Food &TourFestvalofChnaeveryyear,FortuneGlobalForum n 2013, and Olympc Games n Detals are shown n Table 1. In addton, correlated data of human resources and economc were collected about Chengdu cty. Index data came from Chengdu statstcal yearbook ( ), Schuan statstcs yearbook ( ), and Chnese cty statstcs yearbook ( ). The specfc data are gven n Tables 3 and 4,respectvely.

6 6 Mathematcal Problems n Engneerng Table 3: Raw data of human resources subsystem of Chengdu. Year x 111 x 112 x 113 x 121 x 122 x 123 x 131 x 132 x 133 x 141 x 142 x Table 4: Raw data of economc subsystem of Chengdu. Year x 211 x 212 x 213 x 214 x 221 x 222 x 231 x 232 x 241 x Data Processng. Frstly, the orgnal data of the ndex were standardzed by the statstcal software (SPSS21). The result was presented n Tables 5 and 6. Secondly, confrmng the weght. Accordng to the data from Tables 5 and 6,thestandarddevaton(δ) and coeffcent of correlaton (r) of the subsystem were found out. Then the relateddatawereusednformula(3)andformula(4); t was not dffcult to get the weght coeffcent (w) of the second subsystem. The weght of the second subsystem of cty human resources s w 1 = 0.099, w 2 = 0.051, w 3 = 0.269, w 4 = 0.055, w 5 = 0.051, w 6 = 0.049, w 7 = 0.064, w 8 = 0.069, w 9 = 0.059, w 10 = 0.059, w 11 = 0.055, w 12 = Theweghtof the second subsystem of cty economc s w 1 = 0.059, w 2 = 0.063, w 3 = 0.072, w 4 = 0.349, w 5 = 0.064, w 6 = 0.080, w 7 = 0.067, w 8 = 0.084, w 9 = 0.060, w 10 = Thrdly, confrmng the synergy degree. Usng the data Tables 5 and 6,theweght,andformula(2), the order parameterwasdrawnup.specfcdataareshownntables7 and 8 about an order parameter. Fnally, usng the order parameter and formula (5), the synergy degree was calculated, respectvely. Specfc data are shown n Table Data Analyss. Order degree of Chengdu human resources subsystem presented a rsng trend snce 2002, but there was a sharp declne n 2006, 2008, and Fgure Order parameter of cty human resources Order parameter of cty economc Synergy degree Fgure 2: Synergy degree of human resources and economc of Chengdu. demonstrates that the human resources of Chengdu have been developng orderly drecton. Just t was slowly and halfway down. It s notable that the order degree of subsystem was decreased n 2008; because of the earthquake, Chengdu was mstaken as unsafe cty. Wth the polcy support of bran gan and natonal dsaster relef, the order degree presented a tendency of ncreasng n Order degree of Chengdu economc subsystem showed a good upward trend snce 2002, but there

7 Mathematcal Problems n Engneerng 7 Table 5: Standardzed data of human resources subsystem of Chengdu. Year x 111 x 112 x 113 x 121 x 122 x 123 x 131 x 132 x 133 x 141 x 142 x Table 6: Standardzed data of economc subsystem of Chengdu. Year x 211 x 212 x 213 x 214 x 221 x 222 x 231 x 232 x 241 x Table7:OrderparameterofhumanresourcessubsystemofChengdu. Year x 111 x 112 x 113 x 121 x 122 x 123 x 131 x 132 x 133 x 141 x 142 x was downgradng n 2003 and The order degree was affected by the SARS n 2003 and the earthquake n Some cty mage Ads were created under the cty marketng, such as Chengdu, enjoy your lfe n 2004 and I love my cty n The advertsng vdeo especally showed the safety of cty after an earthquake and helped recovery ablty of economc. After the Wenchuan earthquake, the economc was not only attrbuted to the cty marketng strategy, but also attrbuted to the fnancal support of the natonal strategy of Chengdu. Such as the reform plot area of natonal urban and rural, the polcy on the of the western regon of Chna, and the postdsaster rebuldng work. Synergy degree of human resources and economc of Chengdu s not stable, to some extent that s obvously low. The synergy degree presented a slowly rse from 2002 to 2007, but ts absolute value s very slght and has great potental to ncrease. The synergy degree showed a gradual declne slghtly from 2008 to Here, the economc of Chengdu was rapd; the talent also has

8 8 Mathematcal Problems n Engneerng Table 8: Order parameter of economc subsystem of Chengdu. Year x 211 x 212 x 213 x 214 x 221 x 222 x 231 x 232 x 241 x Table 9: Synergy degree about cty human resources and cty economc. Year Order parameter of human resources Order parameter of economc Synergy degree been progressng, but there were no consstent, whch s affected by the earthquake and aftershocks. In 2012, the order degree of both Chengdu human resources and Chengdu economc progress demonstrated a good upward trend. Overall, human resources and economc of Chengdu are not completely synchronous, but t s at the low-level stage, so t s necessary to strengthen the cty marketng strategy for promotng the of the cty. 5. Conclusons and Implcatons Usng the dea and method of synergetcs, the model of synergy degree about cty human resources and cty economc was establshed and the advance state of them was evaluated. These are a basement of urbanrural ntegraton progress wth the human resources polcy and economc strategy. At the same tme, ths study has ts lmtatons; for example, the data are only from yearbook, the research s not covered wth the socal progress, and the ndex has yet to be further perfect. In order to promote synergy and sustanable of human resources and economc of Chengdu, some work should be carred out by the government. Frstly, deepen the talent ntroducton polcy, attract a large number of excellent talents, format talent accumulaton effect, and safeguardtherghtsandnterestsofthepeoplelvngstandards, for promotng the sustanable of human resources. Secondly, open the nvestment polcy, attract the worldhgh-techenterprse,makethendustrychanand ndustralcluster,andcreateasoundecologcalenvronment for nvestment. Fnally, strengthen the synergy of human resources and economy and promote the common of both. Conflct of Interests The authors declare that there s no conflct of nterests regardng the publcaton of ths paper. Authors Contrbuton Bo Pu conceved and desgned the study, collected and analyzedthedata,andwrotethepaper.yanjunqujontly desgned the study, asssted n analyss, and cowrote the paper. Bo Pu and Yanjun Qu contrbuted equally to ths work. Acknowledgments The authors thank Yude He for assstance wth research methodology and Junhua Xu for Englsh assstance. They are grateful to Southwest Jaotong Unversty n Chna, for hs valuable nputs. Ths research was possble due to fnancal support from the Mnstry of Educaton of Humantes and Socal Scence Project of Chna (no. 13YJA880058) and the Natonal Educaton System Reform Plot Project of Chna (no ). References [1] H. Haken, Can synergetcs be of use to management theory? n Self-Organzaton and Management of Socal Systems,pp.33 41, Sprnger, [2] H. Knyazeva, Synergetcs and the mages of future, Futures, vol.31,no.3-4,pp ,1999.

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10 Advances n Operatons Research Advances n Decson Scences Appled Mathematcs Algebra Probablty and Statstcs The Scentfc World Journal Internatonal Dfferental Equatons Submt your manuscrpts at Internatonal Advances n Combnatorcs Mathematcal Physcs Complex Analyss Internatonal Mathematcs and Mathematcal Scences Mathematcal Problems n Engneerng Mathematcs Dscrete Mathematcs Dscrete Dynamcs n Nature and Socety Functon Spaces Abstract and Appled Analyss Internatonal Stochastc Analyss Optmzaton