Different types of institutional support arrangements in India: synthesis of findings from 20 case studies from the Community Water Plus project

Transcription

1 Different types of institutional support arrangements in India: synthesis of findings from 20 case studies from the Community Water Plus project Keep the water flowing, UNC, 27th October 2015 Ruchika Shiva

2 Introduction & Rationale Challenges of sustainability & moving up the service delivery ladder in rural water supply Community management is dominant but has reached limits so needs to adapt or perish?! Community Water Plus investigates successful examples of community management to understand the institutional setup and resource implications of effective support organisations

3 Community Water Plus 20 cases across India

4 Research Framework

5 Low Community involvement High Institutional set-up at the Community Service Provider level End of Community Management? Urban-Style Utilitisation M KA KI & KII CBM+ GI & GII P AP Community-Based Management plus O CM+ Community Management plus U HP WB MP S Direct provision with Community Involvement R TN I & II Direct with CI C MG J High PROFESSIONALISATION OF COMMUNITY MANAGEMENT Low?

6 Institutional Set-up at the Enabling Support Environment level Typology Characteristics Cases Public Health Engineering Department (PHED) Supported PHED-Local Government Institutions Supported Reformed Rural Water Supply Agencies Public-Donor Partnerships Public-NGO Partnerships NGO Supported Public agency, highly technical, implementation focus, low intensity on-going support for communities PHED with additional support from the PRI (localgovernment), PRI monitors and provides administrative support to communities, PHED provides technical support. Reformed PHEDs that provided integrated support including both hardware and software support within single public agency. International donors support public agencies with additional finance, technical expertise and monitoring. Public agencies operate as proto-rrwsa. NGOs in partnerships with public agencies to fulfill gaps in provision or pilot new approaches. NGOs act as primary ESE taking responsibility for both hardware and software support with minimal government involvement. Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Meghalaya, Rajasthan, Maharashtra Tamil Nadu (x2), Sikkim Gujarat (x2), Kerala Karnataka, Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Kerala Madhya Pradesh West Bengal Tamil Nadu (CEC) Orissa Andhra Pradesh Uttarakhand

7 Learning Bridging Long-term scale Institutional matching Typologies ESE/CSP Direct Provision with Community Involvement Community Management Plus Community Based Management Plus Urban Style Utilitisation Comments Public Health Engineering Department (PHED) "Low participation" PHED + Local Government Institutions (PRIs) "Direct provision or voluntary Community Management Plus" Reformed Rural Water Supply Agency "Professionalising Community Management" Public-Donor Partnership "Supporting transition towards professionalisation" Public-NGO Partnership NGO "Lower stage transition and experimentation" "Learning, pilots, small-scale"

8 Discussion but does the type of institutional model matter with wealth?

9 Common themes in successful support systems High-levels of specialist implementation support including software component Integrating post-construction support into decentralised bodies (i.e. local government & bodies) Standardisation of support functions to ensure minimal benchmark Yet enough flexibility to provide needs-based support (i.e. at times of disruption local elections, VWSC staff migrating away from village) Monitoring functionality, auditing & water quality testing Across many case studies significant external subsidy for Operational Expenditure (i.e. energy subsidy, labour subsidy)

10 Conclusions Different institutional set-ups are found in successful community management programmes across India The most diversity in successful models is found in richer states indicating the type of model becomes less relevant in richer contexts Synthesis findings only emerging so much more to come for further information, individual case study reports and updates please visit: Any further questions feel free to contact Ruchika, Stef Smits, IRC, at