WORKFORCE SKILLS ANALYSIS: SOUTHWEST VIRGINIA WORKFORCE INVESTMENT BOARD AREA ONE. Prepared by: Virginia Tech Office of Economic Development

Transcription

1 WORKFORCE SKILLS ANALYSIS: SOUTHWEST VIRGINIA WORKFORCE INVESTMENT BOARD AREA ONE Prepared by: Virginia Tech Office of Economic Development

2 Acknowledgements This report was prepared by the Virginia Tech Office of Economic Development, The Office of Economic Development (OED) connects Virginia Tech faculty, companies, and communities in ways that help create, retain, and enhance the quality of jobs and opportunities around the Commonwealth. OED provides training, applied research, and technical assistance services to increase clients abilities to prudently manage economic change and improve their quality of life. Examples of such services include completion of feasibility studies, economic impact analysis, industry and occupational analysis, strategic planning and community visioning, and performance management and benchmarking studies. A number of OED faculty and staff contributed to the report including Whitney Bonham, Scott Tate, Adam Mawyer, Jasmin Thomas, Ebonie Atkins, Dave Nutter, and Leeann Budzevski. The Southwest Virginia Workforce Investment Board for Area One commissioned the report and its staff contributed input and assistance throughout the process. Numerous individuals and organizations contributed information, resources or assistance. Some of these include Mountain Empire Community College, Southwest Virginia Community College, UVA Wise, Alpha Natural Resources, Consol Energy, Wise County, Virginia Employment Commission, and People Incorporated. Prepared by: VIRGINIA TECH OFFICE OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT P a g e 1

3 Table of Contents Executive Summary page 3 SECTION 1: Background and Overview page 11 SECTION 2: Coal Industry Overview and Competency Analysis page 26 SECTION 3: Manufacturing Industry Overview and Competency Analysis page 86 SECTION 4: Health Care and Social Assistance Industry Overview and Competency Analysis page 134 SECTION 5: Professional, Scientific, and Technical Industry Overview and Competency Analysis page 172 SECTION 6: Tourism Industry Overview and Competency Analysis page 211 SECTION 7: Synthesis and Recommendations page 259 APPENDIX A: Competency Definitions page 276 END-NOTES page 279 Prepared by: VIRGINIA TECH OFFICE OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT P a g e 2

4 SECTION 6: Tourism This section provides an overview of the region s tourism industry and charts the top occupations, along with corresponding competencies and skill transferability for those occupations. Nationally, tourism in the United States is experiencing growth. Over the period from 2001 to 2014, domestic tourism-related employment increased by 23%. The Southwest Virginia WIA One region has not experienced the same sector growth, as depicted in Figure 1 below. Figure 1: Average Hospitality & Tourism Employment 1 in Southwest Virginia I, Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW) Trends for Hospitality and Tourism (LWIA I) Industry Graph Aggregate of all types ownership Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages for Hospitality and Tourism Tourism employment in the WIA One region has remained fairly stable over the past 14 years, with just over 4,000 jobs in Instead of being designated as one specific industry in 4,000 NAICS, the hospitality and tourism industry is made up of several different 2,000 industries, which can be found in Appendix A of this portion of the report. 0 Tourism employment data was obtained from Economic Modeling Source: Economic Modeling Specialists Intl., QCEW Specialists Intl. (EMSI), and was gathered from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages from the Bureau of Labor Statistics. For some tourism-related sub-sectors, data was not readily available, suggesting that some subsectors are not present in WIA One or that certain data is not publicly available. Employment numbers referenced in this section of the report are an estimate for the tourism industry. Employment in some of the industries detailed in Appendix A may not all be directly generated by tourism. However, these industries have a sizable number of occupations related to tourism and would likely be directly affected by tourism. At the national level, the tourism industry employs over 13 million workers. The top five industries with the most employment in the tourism industry include Full-Service Restaurants, Limited-Service Restaurants, Hotels (except Casino Hotels) and Motels, Snack 6,000 Prepared by: VIRGINIA TECH OFFICE OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT P a g e 3

5 and Nonalcoholic Beverage Bars, and Fitness and Recreational Sports Centers. From , the tourism industry increased in employment nationally by 23%. The national tourism industry did not seem to be negatively affected by the 2001 recession as employment increased by 78,834 jobs in between While the national tourism industry did see a 3.1% decline in employment from due to the Great Recession, the industry quickly recovered with a 2.2% increase in employment from For the state of Virginia, there are 345,623 people employed in the tourism industry. The counties which employ the most workers in the tourism industry are Fairfax County, Virginia Beach, Arlington County, Henrico County, and Prince William County. The top five industries with the most employment in the tourism industry include Full-Service Restaurants, Limited-Service Restaurants, Hotels (except Casino Hotels) and Motels, Fitness and Recreational Sports Centers, and Snack and Nonalcoholic Beverage Bars. From , employment in the tourism industry for Virginia increased by 20%. While the state tourism industry was not severely affected by the 2001 recession, there was a 3% decline in employment from However, the industry recovered with a 7.3% increase in employment from The employment data for the hospitality and tourism industry in WIA One suggests that employment in the industry has been relatively steady over the past 14 year time span. As noted earlier, while tourism-related employment has had slight fluctuations throughout this time span, the total jobs numbers have hovered just above 4,000 jobs. Out of the industries included in the hospitality and tourism industry for WIA One, the largest employers were Limited and Full Service Restaurants, Hotels, and Motels. At 29%, employment in the tourism industry for WIA One is noticeably smaller than the national average. In regards to the two recessions that occurred in the time span measured, there are strikingly different outcomes between the 2001 recession and the Great Recession. Employment increased by 9% in 2002, a year after the 2001 recession. However, the Great Recession may have had a more lasting impact on the tourism industry in WIA One. During the Great Recession ( ), employment decreased by a modest 1.9%, but never fully recovered momentum. Tourism-related employment in WIA One has decreased by 3.2% from , in contrast to the national and state tourism industry employment totals which have both increased since the Great Recession. In 2013, Americans spent $748.3 billion dollars on domestic travel. i Domestic travelers spent over $21.5 billion dollars in the state of Virginia in ii The tourism expenditures generated over $335.9 million in tax revenue for the state and $226.3 million for local governments. iii Domestic tourism expenditures in the WIA One region were $ million, generating $2.67 million in local tax receipts. iv The largest amount of tourism expenditures were in Tazewell County ($48.91 million), Wise County ($32.31 million), and Buchanan County ($19.35 million). v The most visited sites in the WIA One region include the Civil War Trail, The Crooked Road, and the Natural Tunnel State Park. vi Prepared by: VIRGINIA TECH OFFICE OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT P a g e 4

6 Figure 2 below lists the top tourism-related occupations in the WIA region, in terms of number of workers. It is important to note that some tourism-related occupations are not included in this list, such as artists and some creative industry occupations which are a significant presence in the regional tourism landscape. Some of these are also occupations which development professionals are actively working to support and develop which such as artists, crafters, musicians, and self-employed small business owners in tourism-related enterprises. Self-employed workers may be in any category and are not limited to tourism. US Census data indicates that there were 3,405 self-employed workers in the WIA One region in Some of the self-employed workers are counted in other industry groupings, such as the professional, research and technical industry. The greatest number of self-employed workers in the WIA One region appear to be in fields related to landscaping, temporary help, vehicle and equipment cleaning, and health care. Figure 2: Top Occupations Southwest Virginia WIA One All Hospitality and Tourism Industry Subsectors with Employment Greater than 10 or greater: 2014 SOC Code Job Title 2014 Jobs Job Change Job Title as % of Industry Employment Combined Food Preparation and Serving Workers, Including Fast Food 1, % Waiters and Waitresses 466 (22) 11.1% First-Line Supervisors of Food Preparation and Serving Workers % Cooks, Restaurant 243 (5) 5.8% Cashiers 142 (2) 3.4% Food Preparation Workers 137 (4) 3.3% Counter Attendants, Cafeteria, Food Concession, and Coffee Shop 111 (3) 2.6% Cooks, Fast Food 90 (3) 2.2% Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners 81 (6) 1.9% Dishwashers 77 (3) 1.8% Driver/Sales Workers % Hotel, Motel, and Resort Desk Clerks 65 (5) 1.6% Hosts and Hostesses, Restaurant, Lounge, and Coffee Shop 37 (1) 0.9% Food Service Managers 26 (1) 0.6% Dining Room and Cafeteria Attendants and Bartender Helpers 25 (1) 0.6% Janitors and Cleaners, Except Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners 25 (1) 0.6% Maintenance and Repair Workers, General 24 (1) 0.6% Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers % General and Operations Managers % Bartenders 20 (1) 0.5% Fitness Trainers and Aerobics Instructors 16 (4) 0.4% Prepared by: VIRGINIA TECH OFFICE OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT P a g e 5

7 Amusement and Recreation Attendants 14 (1) 0.3% Chefs and Head Cooks 14 (1) 0.3% Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerks % Office Clerks, General % Bakers 10 (1) 0.2% Identifying Regional Baseline Hospitality and Tourism Competency Areas and Levels A deeper understanding of the specific knowledge and skills necessary for regional occupations is a first step to identifying specific skills needs of regional employers, and also helping workers, and workforce development providers, to identify opportunities to apply the skills workers learn in one job to new jobs in different industry sectors or related occupations. Identifying knowledge levels is a two part task which first requires identification of the regional knowledge baseline across all hospitality and tourism employment, followed by identification of occupation-specific knowledge levels. To construct a scorecard outlining knowledge competency levels of workers employed in the regional hospitality and tourism industry, this report first identified the industry staffing pattern for the entire sector. Next, this list was refined to reflect only job titles which employ at least ten workers across the region. This process created a list of 26 job titles, representing 94.9% of all regional hospitality and tourism employment. From this point, the report examines each top job title individually, using the U.S. Department of Labor s O*NET database to identify knowledge levels for competency requirements. Utilizing 2014 employment totals for each job title, this report then developed weighted averages for each competency area. Knowledge competency areas for hospitality and tourism were then compared to the overall knowledge competency levels of the regional workforce. The regional workforce averages were derived using a similar approach. Definitions for each competency area are included in the Appendix. Figure 3: Top Knowledge Competencies of WIA 1 Regional Industries and Hospitality and Tourism Regional Hospitality and Tourism All Regional industries (NAICS 2-Digit) Workforce Rank Rank Customer and Personal Customer and Personal 57.0 Service 52.4 Service English Language 39.1 English Language 46.3 Mathematics 37.2 Education and Training 42.6 Education and Training 36.9 Mathematics 42.3 Food Production 33.6 Clerical 40.0 Sales and Marketing 32.2 Administration and Management 38.7 Prepared by: VIRGINIA TECH OFFICE OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT P a g e 6

8 Administration and Computer and Electronics 37.0 Management 31.5 Production and Processing 29.6 Public Safety and Security 36.3 Public Safety and Security 29.3 Psychology 36.2 Personnel and Human 29.2 Psychology 23.8 Resources Transportation 21.9 Law and Government 28.6 Communications and Media 21.6 Mechanical 26.7 Personnel and Human Communications and Media 26.2 Resources 20.9 Economics and Accounting 20.9 Transportation 25.8 Computers and Electronics 20.7 Sales and Marketing 25.0 Telecommunications 19.8 Production and Processing 24.8 Chemistry 19.1 Sociology and Anthropology 20.6 Clerical 19.0 English 19.5 Mechanical 17.5 Design 19.2 Below, this report provides a detailed analysis of regional occupation employment, worker demographics, industry hiring patterns, growth trends, and relevant education/training completions for the top ten occupations in the hospitality and tourism industry. Job descriptions and common job duties, educational attainment requirements, and common knowledge and skills sets most frequently required for employment nationally are also explored in each job title profile. A total of 10 occupations will be examined for the regional hospitality and tourism industry sector. These job titles include: Combined Food Preparation and Serving Workers, Including Fast Food Waiters and Waitresses First-Line Supervisors of Food Preparation and Serving Workers Cooks, Restaurant Cashiers Food Preparation Workers Counter Attendants, Cafeteria, Food Concession, and Coffee Shop Cooks, Fast Food Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners Dishwashers To help assist regional stakeholders in understanding how skills sets of the occupation may be transferable to other types of employment opportunities, this report uses national knowledge and skills competency data provided by O*NET and EMSI Analyst to crosswalk knowledge and skills sets across job titles and industry sectors. A full description of skills transferability mapping methodology can be referenced in the report s Part A. Prepared by: VIRGINIA TECH OFFICE OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT P a g e 7

9 The compatible occupations were chosen on a set of criteria. They are based on the knowledge and skill levels that the person holds in their current occupation compared to the knowledge and skill levels of the transferable occupation. Other criteria that were taken into account were the number of people currently employed in these occupations, the wages of the occupations and how closely the knowledge and skills match. For the purposes of determining where there gaps in the knowledge or skills levels of the two occupations, a gap was considered a difference of ten in knowledge levels and a gap of five in skill levels. Occupation 1: Combined Food Preparation and Serving Workers, Including Fast Food (SOC ) Description: Perform duties which combine preparing and serving food and nonalcoholic beverages. vii Sample of Related Job Titles: Dietary Aide, Deli Clerk (Delicatessen Clerk), Crew Member, School Cafeteria Cook, Server, Car Hop, Deli Worker (Delicatessen Worker), Food Service Worker, Prep Cook (Preparation Cook), Counter Attendant viii Figure 4: Combined Food Preparation and Serving Workers, Including Fast Food Employment Trends ( , with Projections to 2017) 2 2 The Kentucky Border Counties include Bell County, Harlan County, Letcher County, and Pike County. The West Virginia Border Counties include McDowell County, Mercer County, and Mingo County. All these counties directly border the Southwestern Virginia WIB. Prepared by: VIRGINIA TECH OFFICE OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT P a g e 8

10 3,000 2,500 2,349 2,357 2,394 2,500 2,000 1,500 1,000 1,744 2,201 1,061 1,843 1,725 1,745 1,731 1,058 1,049 1,017 1, WIA 1 Kentucky Border Counties West Virginia Border Counties Figure 5: Top Jurisdictions for Combined Food Preparation and Serving Workers, Including Fast Food Employment, 2014: Southwest Virginia WIA 1 (Data for All Industries Employing this Occupation*) 2004 Jobs 2009 Jobs 2014 Jobs Median Hourly Earnings (All Industries for this Occupation) Tazewell $8.66 Wise $8.55 Buchanan $9.09 Russell $8.26 Lee $8.73 Scott $7.80 Norton City $8.34 Dickenson $8.75 Total 2,201 2,393 2,394 $8.53 Prepared by: VIRGINIA TECH OFFICE OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT P a g e 9

11 Figure 6: Age Distribution for Combined Food Preparation and Serving Workers, Including Fast Food, Southwest Virginia WIA 1 40% 21% 16% 13% 8% 3% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Age 24 and Younger Age Age Age Age Age 65+ Summary of Knowledge and Skill Findings: Combined Food Preparation and Serving Workers, Including Fast Food Workers in this occupation possess competencies in areas that include customer service, speaking, English language and mathematics. The most compatible occupations for Combined Food Preparation and Serving Workers, Including Fast Food include Food Preparation and Serving Related Occupations, Personal Care and Service Occupations, and Sales and Related Occupation. For the compatible occupations listed in the crosswalk, workers face some significant knowledge competency gaps in areas such as biology and chemistry. There appear to be a number of skill competency overlaps but gaps do exist in areas such as critical thinking and science. To understand how knowledge, skill, and abilities for this occupation align to baseline and regional hospitality and tourism characteristics, this report identified top O*NET competencies for Combined Food Preparation and Serving Workers, Including Fast Food. A summary of these findings, and an example of how the knowledge and skill compatibility shows transferability to other occupations follows. Figure 7: Top 10 Knowledge, Skill, and Abilities Competencies for Combined Food Preparation and Serving Workers, Including Fast Food, by Aptitude (Based on O*NET Index) Knowledge Skill Abilities 1. Customer and Personal Service Coordination Speech Recognition 2. English Language Service Orientation Speech Clarity 3. Mathematics Speaking Near Vision 4. Education and Training Learning Strategies Oral Expression 5. Food Production Social Perceptiveness Oral Comprehension 6. Sales and Marketing Instructing Problem Sensitivity 7. Production and Processing Persuasion Information Ordering 8. Administration and Management Critical Thinking Trunk Strength 9. Public Safety and Security Reading Comprehension Time Sharing Prepared by: VIRGINIA TECH OFFICE OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT P a g e 10

12 10. Telecommunications Judgment and Decision Making Written Comprehension Figure 8: Top 10 Compatible Occupations to Combined Food Preparation and Serving Workers, Including Fast Food O*NET Code Occupation Title 2014 Jobs (WIA 1) WIA 1 Job Change Median Hourly Earnings (All Industries) Compatibility Index Food Servers, Nonrestaurant 46 (7) $ Hosts and Hostesses, Restaurant, Lounge, and Coffee Shop 38 (8) $ Nonfarm Animal Caretakers 29 0 $ Cashiers 2,704 (17) $ Food Preparation Workers 300 (29) $ Waiters and Waitresses 497 (78) $ Cooks, Fast Food 94 (8) $ Counter Attendants, Cafeteria, Food Concession, and Coffee Shop Gaming Change Persons and Booth Cashiers Ushers, Lobby Attendants, and Ticket Takers 169 (15) $ <10 1 $ <10 (8) $ Prepared by: VIRGINIA TECH OFFICE OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT P a g e 11

13 Figure 9: Example of Knowledge and Skill Transferability to Compatible Occupations for Combined Food Preparation and Serving Workers, Including Fast Food Occupation 2: Waiters and Waitresses (SOC ) Description: Take orders and serve food and beverages to patrons at tables in dining establishment ix Sample of Related Job Titles: Waitress, Server, Waiter, Food Server, Banquet Server, Cocktail Server, Restaurant Server, Room Service Server, Food Runner, Waitstaff x Figure 10: Waiters and Waitresses Trends ( , with Projections to 2017) Prepared by: VIRGINIA TECH OFFICE OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT P a g e 12

14 WIA 1 Kentucky Border Counties West Virginia Border Counties Figure 11: Top Jurisdictions for Waiters and Waitresses, 2014: Southwest Virginia WIA 1 (Data for All Industries Employing this Occupation*) 2004 Jobs 2009 Jobs 2014 Jobs Median Hourly Earnings (All Industries for this Occupation) Wise $8.19 Tazewell $8.98 Scott $8.04 Buchanan $8.94 Russell $9.25 Lee $8.19 Dickenson $8.19 Norton City $9.33 Total $8.65 Prepared by: VIRGINIA TECH OFFICE OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT P a g e 13

15 Figure 12: Age Distribution for Waiters and Waitresses, Southwest Virginia WIA 1 42% 22% 15% 12% 6% 2% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Age 24 and Younger Age Age Age Age Age 65+ Summary of Knowledge and Skills Workers in this occupation may possess competency strengths in areas such as customer and personal service, critical thinking, food production, English language and sales and marketing. Most of the occupations that are compatible with Waiters and Waitresses are Food Preparation and Serving Related Occupations. However, given their competency strengths a wider range of potentially comparable occupations are possible in areas such as office, business, marketing and related fields. With the two occupations listed in the crosswalk, Waiters and Waitresses are already at the necessary knowledge levels to transfer into these occupations. However, they are lacking a bit more in the skill levels necessary. The skills gaps listed for example include only one skill (Reading Comprehension) that is listed in their top ten knowledge competencies. This means they will have to develop these skills in order to transfer into these jobs. To understand how knowledge, skill, and abilities for this occupation align to baseline and regional hospitality and tourism characteristics, this report identified top O*NET competencies for Waiters and Waitresses. A summary of these findings follows, along with an example of how the knowledge and skill compatibility shows transferability to other occupations. Figure 13: Top 10 Knowledge, Skill, and Abilities Competencies for Waiters and Waitresses (Based on O*NET Index) Knowledge Skill Abilities 1. Customer and Personal Service Critical Thinking Trunk Strength 2. Food Production Monitoring Speech Recognition 3. English Language Service Orientation Speech Clarity 4. Sales and Marketing Coordination Oral Expression 5. Education and Training Social Perceptiveness Oral Comprehension 6. Mathematics Active Listening Near Vision 7. Public Safety and Security Learning Strategies Extent Flexibility 8. Psychology Speaking Memorization 9. Computers and Electronics Reading Comprehension Problem Sensitivity 10. Production and Processing Persuasion Stamina Prepared by: VIRGINIA TECH OFFICE OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT P a g e 14

16 Figure 14: Top 10 Compatible Occupations for Waiters and Waitresses O*NET Code Occupation Title 2014 Jobs (WIA 1) Hosts and Hostesses, Restaurant, Lounge, and Coffee Shop Combined Food Preparation and Serving Workers, Including Fast Food Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners WIA 1 Job Change Median Hourly Earnings (All Industries) Compatibility Index 38 (8) $ ,394 1 $ (34) $ Food Servers, Nonrestaurant 46 (7) $ Nonfarm Animal Caretakers 29 0 $ Dining Room and Cafeteria Attendants and Bartender Helpers 34 (7) $ Stock Clerks, Sales Floor 1,062 (18) $ Food Preparation Workers 300 (29) $ Shampooers <10 1 $ Cooks, Fast Food 94 (8) $ Prepared by: VIRGINIA TECH OFFICE OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT P a g e 15

17 Figure 15: Example of Knowledge and Skill Transferability to Compatible Occupations for Waiters and Waitresses Prepared by: VIRGINIA TECH OFFICE OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT P a g e 16

18 Occupation 3: First Line Supervisors of Food Preparation and Serving Workers (SOC ) Description of First Line Supervisors of Food Preparation and Serving Workers: Directly supervise and coordinate activities of workers engaged in preparing and serving food. xi Sample of Related Titles: Food Service Supervisor, Kitchen Manager, Assistant Manager, Cafeteria Manager, Food Service Manager, Executive Chef, Restaurant Manager, Dietary Manager, Dietary Supervisor, Food Service Director xii Figure 16: First Line Supervisors of Food Preparation and Serving Workers Employment Trends ( , with Projections to 2017) WIA 1 Kentucky Border Counties West Virginia Border Counties Figure 17: Top Jurisdictions for First Line Supervisors of Food Preparation and Serving Workers, 2014: Southwest Virginia WIA 1 (Data for All Industries Employing this Occupation*) 2004 Jobs 2009 Jobs 2014 Jobs Median Hourly Earnings (All Industries for this Occupation) Tazewell County, VA $11.76 Wise County, VA $11.29 Buchanan County, VA $12.76 Russell County, VA $11.09 Lee County, VA $11.24 Prepared by: VIRGINIA TECH OFFICE OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT P a g e 17

19 Scott County, VA $11.23 Norton City County, VA $11.89 Dickenson County, VA $11.20 Total $11.55 Figure 18: Age Distribution for First-Line Supervisors of Food Preparation and Serving Workers, Southwest Virginia WIA 1 38% 21% 16% 14% 9% 3% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Age 24 and Younger Age Age Age Age Age 65+ Summary of Knowledge and Skills Workers employed in this occupations have a variety of occupations into which they might transfer. For the two occupations listed in the crosswalks, the comparable occupations are similar in their skills competencies, but are lacking in some of the knowledge competencies. The prominent gaps in knowledge and skills for both of the compatible occupations seems to be Education and Training and Negotiation. However, one good indication of compatibility is that Education and Training is also listed as one of the top ten knowledge competencies for First-Line Supervisors, indicating that workers already have some baseline knowledge in this area. To understand how knowledge, skill, and abilities for this occupation align to baseline and regional hospitality and tourism characteristics, this report identified top O*NET competencies for First-Line Supervisors of Food Preparation and Serving Workers. A summary of these findings is below, along with an example of how the knowledge and skill compatibility shows transferability to other occupations. Prepared by: VIRGINIA TECH OFFICE OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT P a g e 18

20 Figure 19: Top 10 Knowledge, Skill, and Abilities Competencies for First-Line Supervisors of Food Preparation and Serving Workers (Based on O*NET Index) Knowledge Skill Abilities 1. Administration and Management Coordination Oral Expression 2. Food Production Critical Thinking Oral Comprehension 3. Customer and Personal Service Speaking Near Vision 4. Education and Training Reading Comprehension Written Comprehension 5. Mathematics Monitoring Problem Sensitivity 6. English Language Social Perceptiveness Far Vision 7. Production and Processing Time Management Speech Recognition 8. Personnel and Human Resources Service Orientation Information Ordering 9. Management of Personnel Clerical Resources Deductive Reasoning 10. Economics and Accounting Systems Evaluation Written Expression Figure 20: Top 10 Compatible Occupations for First-Line Supervisors of Food Preparation and Serving Workers SOC O*NET Code Occupation Title 2014 Jobs (WIA 1) WIA 1 Job Change Median Hourly Earnings (All Industries) Compatibility Index Chefs and Head Cooks 20 (2) $ First-Line Supervisors of Retail Sales Workers $ Food Service Managers 35 (3) $ First-Line Supervisors of Housekeeping and Janitorial Workers First-Line Supervisors of Helpers, Laborers, and Material Movers, Hand 42 (6) $ (5) $ Dietetic Technicians 16 (3) $ Storage and Distribution Managers 14 (3) $ Childcare Workers 143 (26) $ Retail Salespersons 1,823 3 $ Log Graders and Scalers <10 (1) $ Prepared by: VIRGINIA TECH OFFICE OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT P a g e 19

21 Figure 21: Example of Knowledge and Skill Transferability to Compatible Occupations for First-Line Supervisors of Food Preparation and Serving Workers Occupation 4: Cooks, Restaurant (SOC ) Description: Prepare, season, and cook dishes such as soups, meats, vegetables, or desserts in restaurants. May order supplies, keep records and accounts, price items on menu, or plan menu. xiii Sample of Related Titles: Cook, Line Cook, Prep Cook (Preparation Cook), Grill Cook, Fry Cook, Banquet Cook, Breakfast Cook, Back Line Cook, Pastry Baker xiv Figure 22: First-Line Supervisors of Cooks, Restaurant Employment Trends ( , with Projections to 2017) Prepared by: VIRGINIA TECH OFFICE OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT P a g e 20

22 WIA 1 Kentucky Border Counties West Virginia Border Counties Figure 23: Top Jurisdictions for Cooks, Restaurant 2014: Southwest Virginia WIA 1 (Data for All Industries Employing this Occupation*) 2004 Jobs 2009 Jobs 2014 Jobs Median Hourly Earnings (All Industries for this Occupation) Tazewell County, VA $8.34 Wise County, VA $9.16 Scott County, VA $9.55 Buchanan County, VA $9.44 Russell County, VA $8.54 Lee County, VA $8.34 Dickenson County, VA $8.36 Norton City County, VA < $8.93 Total $8.84 Prepared by: VIRGINIA TECH OFFICE OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT P a g e 21

23 Figure 24: Age Distribution for Cooks, Restaurant Southwest Virginia WIA 1 44% 22% 15% 12% 6% 2% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Age 24 and Younger Age Age Age Age Age 65+ Summary of Knowledge and Skills Cooks possess a number of competencies related to food production in addition to knowledge of general production and processing, public safety and education and training. Skill competencies for this occupation include critical thinking, monitoring, coordination, and active learning. The three occupation categories listed in the compatible occupations for Cooks are: Food Preparation and Serving Related Occupations, Office and Administrative Support Occupations, and Production Occupations. For the two comparable occupations listed in the crosswalk, Cooks are a little lacking in some of the skills and knowledge competencies for both occupations. In particular, cooks appear to have a gap in competency levels for STEM skills. Also, both occupations require Mechanical knowledge which is not a top competency for Cooks. However, while there are gaps in these and other areas, some are still listed in their top ten knowledge competencies, such as Education and Training and English language. To understand how knowledge, skill, and abilities for this occupation align to baseline and regional hospitality and tourism characteristics, this report identified top O*NET competencies for Cooks, Restaurant. A summary of these findings follows, along with an example of how the knowledge and skill compatibility shows transferability to other occupations. Figure 25: Top 10 Knowledge, Skill, and Abilities Competencies for Cooks, Restaurant SOC (Based on O*NET Index) Knowledge Skill Abilities 1. Food Production Monitoring Oral Expression 2. Production and Processing Coordination Visual Color Discrimination 3. Public Safety and Security Critical Thinking Oral Comprehension 4. Education and Training Active Learning Near Vision 5. Customer and Personal Service Time Management Manual Dexterity 6. Mathematics Quality Control Analysis Information Ordering 7. Administration and Management Active Listening Perceptual Speed 8. Chemistry Instructing Problem Sensitivity Prepared by: VIRGINIA TECH OFFICE OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT P a g e 22

24 9. English Language Speaking Arm-Hand Steadiness 10. Sales and Marketing Social Perceptiveness Category Flexibility Figure 26: Top 10 Compatible Occupations for Cooks, Restaurant SOC O*NET Code Occupation Title 2014 Jobs (WIA 1) WIA 1 Job Change Median Hourly Earnings (All Industries) Compatibility Index Butchers and Meat Cutters 81 0 $ Cooks, Institution and Cafeteria 178 (19) $ Sewing Machine Operators 39 (49) $ Combined Food Preparation and Serving Workers, Including Fast Food Shipping, Receiving, and Traffic Clerks Mail Clerks and Mail Machine Operators, Except Postal Service 2,394 1 $ (35) $ (3) $ Bakers 62 1 $ Cooks, Short Order 14 (3) $ Food Batchmakers 15 (2) $ Counter Attendants, Cafeteria, Food Concession, and Coffee Shop 169 (15) $ Prepared by: VIRGINIA TECH OFFICE OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT P a g e 23

25 Figure 27: Example of Knowledge and Skill Transferability to Compatible Occupations for Cooks, Restaurant 3 Occupation 5: Cashiers (SOC ) Description: Receive and disburse money in establishments other than financial institutions. May use electronic scanners, cash registers, or related equipment. May process credit or debit card transactions and validate checks. xv Samples of Job Titles: Cashier, Sales Associate, Checker, Clerk, Customer Assistant, Mutuel Clerk, Admissions Gate Attendant, Central Aisle Cashier, Customer Service Representative (CSR), Toll Collector xvi 3 Virginia Industry Sector Employment for Solderers and Brazers is based on two occupations: Welders, Cutters, and Welder Fitters (SOC ) and Solderers and Brazers (SOC ). Prepared by: VIRGINIA TECH OFFICE OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT P a g e 24

26 Figure 28: Top Jurisdictions for Cashiers : Southwest Virginia WIA 1 (Data for All Industries Employing this Occupation*) 3,000 2,500 2,785 2,720 2,737 2,704 2,750 2,000 1,500 2,020 1,156 1,902 1,203 1,769 1,771 1,716 1,075 1, , WIA 1 Kentucky Border Counties West Virginia Border Counties Figure 29: Top Jurisdictions for Cashiers Employment Trends, 2014: Southwest Virginia WIA 1 (Data for All Industries Employing this Occupation*) 2004 Jobs 2009 Jobs 2014 Jobs Median Hourly Earnings (All Industries for this Occupation) Tazewell County, VA $8.87 Wise County, VA $8.43 Scott County, VA $8.04 Russell County, VA $8.92 Buchanan County, VA $8.18 Lee County, VA $8.30 Norton City County, VA $9.30 Dickenson County, VA $8.17 Total 2,785 2,721 2,704 $8.58 Prepared by: VIRGINIA TECH OFFICE OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT P a g e 25

27 Figure 30: Age Distribution for Cashiers WIA 1 26% 20% 19% 19% 12% 5% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Age 24 and Younger Age Age Age Age Age 65+ Summary and Knowledge of Skills Cashiers possess high levels of competency in areas that include mathematics, customer and personal service, sales and marketing, critical thinking, active listening, and English language. These competency strengths suggest a broad range of potentially compatible occupations. The most prevalent compatible jobs for Cashiers are Food Preparation and Serving Related Occupations. The suggested occupations in the crosswalk for Cashiers indicate that Cashiers do have the knowledge competencies necessary for Gaming Change Persons and Booth Cashiers. However, Cashiers have significant competency gaps in the skill Quality Control Analysis, which is one of the top skills for this occupation. Cashiers also have competency gaps in some of the knowledge and skill areas for Receptionists and Information Clerks. However, the knowledge and skills that are listed as gaps for Receptionists and Information Clerks are also listed in the top ten competencies for Cashiers, suggesting workers do have some level of knowledge and skills in these areas. To understand how knowledge, skill, and abilities for this occupation align to baseline and regional hospitality and tourism characteristics, this report identified top O*NET competencies for Cashiers. A summary of these findings follows, along with an example of how the knowledge and skill compatibility shows transferability to other occupations. Figure 31: Top 10 Knowledge, Skill, and Abilities Competencies for Cashiers SOC (Based on O*NET Index) Knowledge Skill Abilities 1. Customer and Personal Service Active Listening Oral Comprehension 2. Mathematics Critical Thinking Oral Expression 3. Sales and Marketing Service Orientation Near Vision 4. English Language Reading Comprehension Speech Recognition 5. Computers and Electronics Speaking Written Comprehension 6. Education and Training Social Perceptiveness Inductive Reasoning 7. Public Safety and Security Coordination Deductive Reasoning 8. Psychology Monitoring Speech Clarity 9. Clerical Time Management Problem Sensitivity 10. Administration and Management Writing Trunk Strength Prepared by: VIRGINIA TECH OFFICE OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT P a g e 26

28 Figure 32: Top 10 Compatible Occupations for Cashiers SOC O*NET Code Occupation Title 2014 Jobs (WIA 1) Hosts and Hostesses, Restaurant, Lounge, and Coffee Shop WIA 1 Job Change Median Hourly Earnings (All Industries) Compatibility Index 38 (8) $ Marking Clerks 1,062 (18) $ Gaming Change Persons and Booth Cashiers <10 1 $ Gaming Dealers <10 0 $ Food Servers, Nonrestaurant 46 (7) $ Cooks, Fast Food 94 (8) $ Combined Food Preparation and Serving Workers, Including Fast Food 2,394 1 $ Counter and Rental Clerks 97 (8) $ Locker Room, Coatroom, and Dressing Room Attendants <10 (1) $ Tellers 451 (71) $ Figure 33: Example of Knowledge and Skill Transferability to Compatible Occupations for Cashiers Prepared by: VIRGINIA TECH OFFICE OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT P a g e 27

29 Occupation 6: Food Preparation Workers (SOC ) Description: Perform a variety of food preparation duties other than cooking, such as preparing cold foods and shellfish, slicing meat, and brewing coffee or tea. xvii Similar Job Titles: Dietary Aide, Prep Cook (Preparation Cook), Food Service Worker, Diet Aide, Food Service Aide, Dietary Assistant, Nutrition Aide, Food Preparer, Pantry Cook, Slicer xviii Prepared by: VIRGINIA TECH OFFICE OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT P a g e 28

30 Figure 34: Food Preparation Workers Employment Trends SOC ( , with Projections to 2017) WIA 1 Kentucky Border Counties West Virginia Border Counties Figure 35: Top Jurisdictions for Food Preparation Workers Employment Trends, SOC : Southwest Virginia WIA 1 (Data for All Industries Employing this Occupation*) 2004 Jobs 2009 Jobs 2014 Jobs Median Hourly Earnings (All Industries for this Occupation) Tazewell County, VA $8.77 Wise County, VA $8.11 Buchanan County, VA $8.91 Lee County, VA $8.22 Russell County, VA $8.15 Scott County, VA $8.26 Dickenson County, VA $8.22 Norton City County, VA $8.88 Total $8.44 Prepared by: VIRGINIA TECH OFFICE OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT P a g e 29

31 Figure 36: Age Distribution for Food Preparation Workers WIA 1 34% 20% 17% 16% 10% 3% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Age 24 and Younger Age Age Age Age Age 65+ Summary of Knowledge and Skills Food Preparation Workers possess competencies in knowledge and skill areas that include mathematics, customer and personal service, food production, active listening, coordination, English language, chemistry and public safety. Based on the top ten compatible occupations table, there are a variety of different occupation categories with potential transferability for Food Preparation Workers. In assessing potential occupations for transferability, workers in food preparation do have some prominent knowledge gaps, such as competencies in Sales and Marketing, for the two compatible occupations listed in the crosswalk below. Food Preparation Workers also face skills gaps in areas such as Social Perceptiveness and Critical Thinking. However, these skills are listed among the top ten knowledge skill competencies of Food Preparation Workers. To understand how knowledge, skill, and abilities for this occupation align to baseline and regional hospitality and tourism characteristics, this report identified top O*NET competencies for Food Preparation Workers. Below is a summary of these findings and an example of how the knowledge and skill compatibility shows transferability to other occupations. Figure 37: Top 10 Knowledge, Skill, and Abilities Competencies for Food Preparation Workers SOC (Based on O*NET Index) Knowledge Skill Abilities 1. Food Production Coordination Extent Flexibility 2. Mathematics Active Listening Oral Comprehension 3. Customer and Personal Service Monitoring Manual Dexterity 4. English Language Time Management Trunk Strength 5. Chemistry Service Orientation Near Vision 6. Public Safety and Security Social Perceptiveness Arm-Hand Steadiness 7. Administration and Management Critical Thinking Finger Dexterity 8. Education and Training Speaking Category Flexibility 9. Production and Processing Reading Comprehension Selective Attention 10. Psychology Judgment and Decision Making Problem Sensitivity Prepared by: VIRGINIA TECH OFFICE OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT P a g e 30

32 Figure 38: Top 10 Compatible Occupations for Food Preparation Workers SOC O*NET Code Occupation Title 2014 Jobs (WIA 1) WIA 1 Job Change Median Hourly Earnings (All Industries) Compatibility Index Packers and Packagers, Hand 230 (9) $ Cooks, Fast Food 94 (8) $ Dining Room and Cafeteria Attendants and Bartender Helpers Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners 34 (7) $ (34) $ Food Servers, Nonrestaurant 46 (7) $ Waiters and Waitresses 497 (78) $ Laundry and Dry-Cleaning Workers 80 (22) $ Shampooers <10 1 $ Nonfarm Animal Caretakers 29 0 $ Janitors and Cleaners, Except Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners 734 (75) $ Prepared by: VIRGINIA TECH OFFICE OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT P a g e 31

33 Figure 39: Example of Knowledge and Skill Transferability to Compatible Occupations for Food Preparation Workers Occupation 7: Counter Attendants, Cafeteria, Food Concession, and Coffee Shop (SOC ) Description: Serve food to diners at counter or from a steam table. xix Sample of Job Titles: Food Service Worker, Cafeteria Worker, Crew Member, Cafeteria Server, Food Service Assistant, Line Server, Server, Cafe Attendant, Cafe Server, Cafe Worker xx Prepared by: VIRGINIA TECH OFFICE OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT P a g e 32

34 Figure 40: Counter Attendants, Cafeteria, Food Concession, and Coffee Shop Employment Trends SOC ( , with Projections to 2017) WIA 1 Kentucky Border Counties West Virginia Border Counties Figure 41: Top Jurisdictions for Counter Attendants, Cafeteria, Food Concession, and Coffee Shop SOC Employment Trends, 2014: Southwest Virginia WIA 1 (Data for All Industries Employing this Occupation*) 2004 Jobs 2009 Jobs 2014 Jobs Median Hourly Earnings (All Industries for this Occupation) Tazewell County, VA $9.05 Wise County, VA $8.05 Scott County, VA $7.86 Buchanan County, VA $9.49 Russell County, VA $8.21 Lee County, VA $8.90 Norton City County, VA $8.63 Dickenson County, VA <10 <10 <10 -- Total $8.55 Prepared by: VIRGINIA TECH OFFICE OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT P a g e 33

35 Figure 42: Age Distribution for Counter Attendants, Cafeteria, Food Concession, and Coffee Shop WIA 1 36% 21% 16% 15% 9% 3% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Age 24 and Younger Age Age Age Age Age 65+ Summary of Knowledge and Skills Counter attendants appear to have knowledge competencies that include customer and personal service, administration and management, and English language as well as skill competencies in areas such as speaking, comprehension, social perceptiveness, and service orientation. Most of the compatible occupations for Counter Attendants fall into these three categories: Food Preparation and Serving Related Occupations, Personal Care and Service Occupations, and Office and Administrative Support Occupations. Based on the two compatible occupations provided in the crosswalk example below, Counter Attendants face gaps in many of the knowledge competency areas necessary for these occupations. However, most of the skills gaps listed are also skills listed in the top ten skill competencies for Counter Attendants, suggesting that workers possess some existing level of skill in these areas. To understand how knowledge, skill, and abilities for this occupation align to baseline and regional hospitality and tourism characteristics, this report identified top O*NET competencies for Counter Attendants, Cafeteria, Food Concession, and Coffee Shop. A summary of these findings follows, and an example of how the knowledge and skill compatibility shows transferability to other occupations. O*NET bright outlook and green economy occupation designations are indicated using the sun and leaf icons. Figure 43: Top 10 Knowledge, Skill, and Abilities Competencies for Counter Attendants, Cafeteria, Food Concession, and Coffee Shop SOC (Based on O*NET Index) Knowledge Skill Abilities 1. Customer and Personal Service Reading Comprehension Oral Expression 2. Administration and Management Service Orientation Near Vision 3. English Language Speaking Speech Recognition 4. Education and Training Social Perceptiveness Oral Comprehension 5. Food Production Active Listening Speech Clarity Prepared by: VIRGINIA TECH OFFICE OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT P a g e 34

36 6. Personnel and Human Resources Persuasion Finger Dexterity 7. Sales and Marketing Writing Selective Attention 8. Mathematics Critical Thinking Written Expression 9. Clerical Coordination Problem Sensitivity 10. Chemistry Complex Problem Solving Written Comprehension Figure 44: Top 10 Compatible Occupations for Counter Attendants, Cafeteria, Food Concession, and Coffee Shop SOC O*NET Code Occupation Title 2014 Jobs (WIA 1) Hosts and Hostesses, Restaurant, Lounge, and Coffee Shop WIA 1 Job Change Median Hourly Earnings (All Industries) Compatibility Index 38 (8) $ Gaming Dealers <10 0 $ Weighers, Measurers, Checkers, and Samplers, Recordkeeping Gaming Change Persons and Booth Cashiers Combined Food Preparation and Serving Workers, Including Fast Food Ushers, Lobby Attendants, and Ticket Takers 25 1 $ <10 1 $ ,394 1 $ <10 (8) $ Gaming Cage Workers <10 0 $ Nonfarm Animal Caretakers 29 0 $ Manicurists and Pedicurists <10 1 $ Food Servers, Nonrestaurant 46 (7) $ Prepared by: VIRGINIA TECH OFFICE OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT P a g e 35

37 Figure 45: Example of Knowledge and Skill Transferability to Compatible Occupations for Counter Attendants, Cafeteria, Food Concession, and Coffee Shop Occupation 8: Cooks, Fast Food (SOC ) Description: Prepare and cook food in a fast food restaurant with a limited menu. Duties of these cooks are limited to preparation of a few basic items and normally involve operating large-volume single-purpose cooking equipment. xxi Sample of Reported Job Titles: Cook, Pizza Cook, Grill Cook, Crew Member, Line Cook, Crew Person, Crew Trainer, Fry Cook, Pizza Maker, Prep Cook xxii Prepared by: VIRGINIA TECH OFFICE OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT P a g e 36

38 Figure 46: Cooks, Fast Food ( , with Projections to 2017) WIA 1 Kentucky Border Counties West Virginia Border Counties Figure 47: Top Jurisdictions for Cooks, Fast Food Employment Trends, 2014: Southwest Virginia WIA 1 (Data for All Industries Employing this Occupation*) 2004 Jobs 2009 Jobs 2014 Jobs Median Hourly Earnings (All Industries for this Occupation) Tazewell County, VA $9.06 Wise County, VA $8.62 Russell County, VA < $8.41 Buchanan County, VA <10 <10 <10 -- Lee County, VA <10 <10 <10 -- Norton City County, VA <10 <10 <10 -- Scott County, VA <10 <10 <10 -- Dickenson County, VA <10 <10 <10 -- Total $8.68 Prepared by: VIRGINIA TECH OFFICE OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT P a g e 37

39 Figure 48: Age Distribution for Cook, Fast Food Workers WIA 1 44% 22% 15% 11% 6% 2% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Age 24 and Younger Age Age Age Age Age 65+ Summary of Knowledge and Skills Fast Food Cooks share many competencies with Cooks and food preparation workers and possess customer and personal service and English language knowledge competencies, as well. The largest category of occupations that Fast Food Cooks could transfer into is Food Preparation and Serving Related Occupations. While workers seem to match most of the knowledge competencies for the occupations laid out in the crosswalk, Fast Food Cooks do have skill competency gaps for both of the potentially compatible occupations. To understand how knowledge, skill, and abilities for this occupation align to baseline and regional hospitality and tourism characteristics, this report identified top O*NET competencies for Cooks, Fast Food. A summary of these findings is below, and an example of how the knowledge and skill compatibility shows transferability to other occupations. Figure 49: Top 10 Knowledge, Skill, and Abilities Competencies for Cooks, Fast Food (Based on O*NET Index) Knowledge Skill Abilities 1. Customer and Personal Service Social Perceptiveness Oral Comprehension 2. Food Production Reading Comprehension Written Comprehension 3. English Language Speaking Speech Recognition 4. Mathematics Coordination Trunk Strength 5. Education and Training Active Listening Oral Expression 6. Production and Processing Critical Thinking Near Vision 7. Personnel and Human Active Learning Selective Attention Resources 8. Sales and Marketing Service Orientation Arm-Hand Steadiness 9. Public Safety and Security Monitoring Manual Dexterity 10. Administration and Management Operation Monitoring Problem Sensitivity Prepared by: VIRGINIA TECH OFFICE OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT P a g e 38

40 Figure 50: Top 10 Compatible Occupations for Cooks, Fast Food O*NET Code Occupation Title 2014 Jobs (WIA 1) WIA 1 Job Change Median Hourly Earnings (All Industries) Compatibility Index Packers and Packagers, Hand 230 (9) $ Food Servers, Nonrestaurant 46 (7) $ Combined Food Preparation and Serving Workers, Including Fast Food 2,394 1 $ Food Preparation Workers 300 (29) $ Stock Clerks, Sales Floor 1,062 (18) $ Nonfarm Animal Caretakers 29 0 $ Hosts and Hostesses, Restaurant, Lounge, and Coffee Shop Laundry and Dry-Cleaning Workers 38 (8) $ (22) $ Shampooers <10 1 $ Cashiers 2,704 (17) $ Prepared by: VIRGINIA TECH OFFICE OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT P a g e 39

41 Figure 51: Example of Knowledge and Skill Transferability to Compatible Occupations for Cooks, Fast Food Prepared by: VIRGINIA TECH OFFICE OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT P a g e 40

42 Occupation 9: Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners (SOC ) Description: Perform any combination of light cleaning duties to maintain private households or commercial establishments, such as hotels and hospitals, in a clean and orderly manner. Duties may include making beds, replenishing linens, cleaning rooms and halls, and vacuuming. xxiii Sample of Reported Job Titles: Breakfast and Room Attendant, Cottage Attendant, Environmental Services Aide, Environmental Services Worker, Housekeeper, Housekeeping, Housekeeping Aide, Housekeeping Laundry Worker, Room Attendant, Room Cleaner xxiv Figure 52: Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners SOC ( , with Projections to 2017) WIA 1 Kentucky Border Counties West Virginia Border Counties Figure 53: Top Jurisdictions for Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners Employment Trends, 2014: Southwest Virginia WIA 1 (Data for All Industries Employing this Occupation*) 2004 Jobs 2009 Jobs 2014 Jobs Median Hourly Earnings (All Industries for this Occupation) Tazewell County, VA $9.49 Norton City County, VA $9.49 Wise County, VA $9.49 Prepared by: VIRGINIA TECH OFFICE OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT P a g e 41

43 Buchanan County, VA $8.74 Russell County, VA $9.49 Lee County, VA $8.76 Scott County, VA <10 -- Dickenson County, VA <10 <10 12 $8.10 Total $9.27 Figure 54: Age Distribution for Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners WIA 1 12% 20% 21% 23% 18% 7% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Age 24 and Younger Age Age Age Age Age 65+ Summary of Knowledge and Skills Workers in this occupation possess a number of customer service and coordination related competencies. The most compatible occupations for Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners are Food Preparation and Serving Related Occupations and Personal Care and Service Occupations. Based on the crosswalks of compatible occupations, Maids and Household Cleaners do have some prominent knowledge gaps in Production and Processing and prominent skill gaps in Monitoring (which is also listed in their top then skill competencies) and Operation and Control. Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners also appear to have gaps in STEM knowledge competencies, as none of the STEM knowledge competency areas are listed among the top ten knowledge competencies for the occupation. To understand how knowledge, skill, and abilities for this occupation align to baseline and regional hospitality and tourism characteristics, this report identified top O*NET competencies for Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners. A summary of these findings is below, and an example of how the knowledge and skill compatibility shows transferability to other occupations. Prepared by: VIRGINIA TECH OFFICE OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT P a g e 42

44 Figure 55: Top 10 Knowledge, Skill, and Abilities Competencies for Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners (Based on O*NET Index) Knowledge Skill Abilities 1. Customer and Personal Service Service Orientation Extent Flexibility 2. Education and Training Coordination Trunk Strength 3. English Language Time Management Oral Comprehension 4. Administration and Management Monitoring Oral Expression 5. Public Safety and Security Active Listening Near Vision 6. Transportation Reading Comprehension Stamina 7. Foreign Language Speaking Speech Recognition 8. Economics and Accounting Critical Thinking Written Comprehension 9. Psychology Social Perceptiveness Far Vision 10. Clerical Complex Problem Solving Inductive Reasoning Figure 56: Top 10 Compatible Occupations for Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners O*NET Code Occupation Title 2014 Jobs (WIA 1) WIA 1 Job Change Median Hourly Earnings (All Industries) Compatibility Index Food Servers, Nonrestaurant 46 (7) $ Janitors and Cleaners, Except Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners 734 (75) $ Packers and Packagers, Hand 230 (9) $ Dining Room and Cafeteria Attendants and Bartender Helpers Ushers, Lobby Attendants, and Ticket Takers 34 (7) $ <10 (8) $ Shampooers <10 1 $ Locker Room, Coatroom, and Dressing Room Attendants <10 (1) $ Food Preparation Workers 300 (29) $ Nonfarm Animal Caretakers 29 0 $ Mail Clerks and Mail Machine Operators, Except Postal Service 22 (3) $ Prepared by: VIRGINIA TECH OFFICE OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT P a g e 43

45 Figure 57: Example of Knowledge and Skill Transferability to Compatible Occupations for Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners Prepared by: VIRGINIA TECH OFFICE OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT P a g e 44