The Circumplex --In Other Words. Dr. Robert A. Cooke CEO Human Synergistics International 2011

Transcription

1 The Circumplex --In Other Words Dr. Robert A. Cooke CEO Human Synergistics International

2 The Circumplex The Conceptual Framework: The Circumplex Cooke & Lafferty (1987) based on Louis Guttman (1954) Timothy Leary (1957) 2

3 Satisfaction versus Security Needs Higher-Order Satisfaction Needs Lower-Order Security Needs Needs Hierarchy from Abraham Maslow (1944) 3

4 Task versus People Orientation Task Orientation People Orientation Leadership Factors from Hemphill & Coons Stodgill (1957) Blake & Mouton (1964) Seashore & Bowers (1966) 4

5 The Constructive Styles Achievement Self-Actualizing Humanistic- Encouraging Affiliative Interacting with others and approaching tasks in ways that will help them to meet their higher-order satisfaction needs. Copyright 2011 by Human Synergistics International. All rights reserved. 5

6 The Passive/Defensive Styles Approval Conventional Dependent Avoidance Interacting with people in self-protective ways that will not threaten their own security. Copyright 2011 by Human Synergistics International. All rights reserved. 6

7 The Aggressive/Defensive Styles Oppositional Power Competitive Perfectionistic Approaching tasks in forceful ways to protect their status and security. Copyright 2011 by Human Synergistics International. All rights reserved. 7

8 Cultural Norms and Behaviors Set unrealistic goals Take care of every detail 10 Try to look good Outperform others 9 Work toward self-set goals Take on challenging tasks 11 Maintain personal integrity Emphasize quality 12 Develop others Resolve conflicts constructively 1 Cooperate Be friendly 2 Set goals to please others Agree with everyone 3 Stay on the offensive Maintain tight control 8 Resist ideas that are different Follow policies and practices 4 Look for mistakes Stay aloof and detached 7 Wait for others to act first Be a good follower Lay low when things get tough 5 Stay away from problems 6

9 Conceptual Framework: The Circumplex Clusters Constructive Aggressive/ Defensive Passive/ Defensive Profile Clusters from Cooke & Rousseau (1983)

10 Impact on Outcomes across Levels + Positive? Variable Negative

11 Change Across System Levels Integrated Multi-Level Diagnostic System

12 Connections between Systems Levels Societal Values Ideal Organizational Culture Leaders Strategies & Impact Behavioral Norms and Expectations Systems Structures Technology Subsystem & Group Dynamics Members Personal Styles Boundary Spanning Dynamics Outcomes - Effectiveness Individual Group - Organizational

13 Integrated Diagnostic Tools Organizational Societal Values Culture Ideal Organizational Culture Inventory - Ideal Leadership/ Leaders & Management/ Strategies Impact & Impact Organizational Behavioral Norms Culture and Expectations Inventory Organizational Systems Effectiveness Structures Technology Inventory Subsystem Group Styles & Group Inventory Dynamics Members Life Personal Styles Inventory Styles Boundary Customer ServiceStyles Spanning Dynamics. Outcomes All of the - Effectiveness Above (Outcome Survey Items) Individual Group - Organizational

14 Ideal versus Actual Culture Ideal Actual

15 Levers for Change Leadership/ Leaders & Management/ Strategies Impact & Impact Organizational Societal Values Culture Ideal Organizational Culture Inventory - Ideal Organizational Behavioral Norms Culture and Expectations Inventory Organizational Systems Effectiveness Structures Technology Inventory Subsystem Group Styles & Group Inventory Dynamics Members Life Personal Styles Inventory Styles Boundary Customer ServiceStyles Spanning Dynamics. Outcomes All of the - Effectiveness Above (Outcome Survey Items) Individual Group - Organizational

16 Goal Setting Culture Goals are Set Jointly Challenging Unrealistic Ambiguous Easy

17 Reinforcement Culture Reinforcement Reward Punishment Reward Punishment Reward Punishment

18 Performance Appraisal Culture Appraisals are Developmental Fair Comparative Linked to Punishment Fair Subjective

19 Personal Styles Leadership/ Leaders & Management/ Strategies Impact & Impact Organizational Societal Values Culture Ideal Organizational Culture Inventory - Ideal Organizational Behavioral Norms Culture and Expectations Inventory Organizational Systems Effectiveness Structures Technology Inventory Subsystem Group Styles & Group Inventory Dynamics Members Life Personal Styles Inventory Styles Boundary Customer ServiceStyles Spanning Dynamics. Outcomes All of the - Effectiveness Above (Outcome Survey Items) Individual Group - Organizational

20 Culture Personal Needs/Motivators Self-Enhancing Self-Promoting Self-Protecting Life Styles Inventory Self-Development Guide (1983)

21 Culture Personal Objectives Doing Good Looking Good Being Good

22 Culture Activity Patterns Proactive Interactive Reactive Retractive Counteractive Inactive Active Circumplex Clusters (Cooke, 2000)

23 Culture Risk Taking Managing Uncertainly Seeking Risk Avoiding Risk

24 Group Styles and Processes Organizational Societal Values Culture Ideal Organizational Culture Inventory - Ideal Leadership/ Leaders & Management/ Strategies Impact & Impact Organizational Behavioral Norms Culture and Expectations Inventory Organizational Systems Effectiveness Structures Technology Inventory Subsystem Group Styles & Group Inventory Dynamics Members Life Personal Styles Inventory Styles Boundary Customer ServiceStyles Spanning Dynamics. Outcomes All of the - Effectiveness Above (Outcome Survey Items) Individual Group - Organizational

25 Personal Status in Groups In Balance with Group and Organization Superordinate to Group and Organization Subordinate to Group and Organization Status Levels from Group Styles Inventory Guide (Cooke & Szumal)

26 Conflict Resolution in Groups Collaborating (Problem-Solving) Competing (Forcing) Compromising Accommodating Avoiding Conflict Styles from Kenneth Thomas and Ralph Kilmann (1974, 2009)

27 Outcomes Leadership/ Leaders & Management/ Strategies Impact & Impact Organizational Societal Values Culture Ideal Organizational Culture Inventory - Ideal Organizational Behavioral Norms Culture and Expectations Inventory Organizational Systems Effectiveness Structures Technology Inventory Subsystem Group Styles & Group Inventory Dynamics Members Life Personal Styles Inventory Styles Boundary Customer ServiceStyles Spanning Dynamics. Outcomes All of the - Effectiveness Above (Outcome Survey Items) Individual Group - Organizational

28 Styles and Outcomes Effective and Successful Ineffective and Successful Ineffective and Unsuccessful

29 Styles and Individual Well-Being Optimistic Anxiety Depression

30 Styles and Organizational Performance Sustainability Volatility Vulnerability