Preliminary guide regarding diverse conceptualization of multiple values of nature and its benefits, including biodiversity and ecosystem functions

Transcription

1 Preliminary guide regarding diverse conceptualization of multiple values of nature and its benefits, including biodiversity and ecosystem functions and services (deliverable 3 (d) 4. Nationales Forum zu IPBES Martin Quaas, Kiel University

2 Chapter 1 Introduction The second session of the IPBES Plenary approved the initiation of scoping for a methodological assessment on the conceptualization of values of biodiversity and nature s benefit to people and development of a preliminary guide, for consideration by the Plenary at its third session (IPBES/2/17, Annex V).

3 Introduction The IPBES conceptual framework acknowledges the different paradigms/world views guiding the human expressions of value and aims to integrate definitions, classification of biodiversity and stakeholders, concepts and valuation methodologies as well as culturally rooted success criteria within this broader framework.

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6 Main issues This guide addresses six key issues: i. major concepts; ii. valuation methodologies; iii. data and knowledge needs; iv. integrating into IPBES activities; v. capacity building; and vi. policy support tools Corresponding to chapters 2-7.

7 Chapter 2 Major concepts of values

8 The word value has different meanings A value can express: a principle or core belief, a preference someone has for something or a particular state of the world the importance of something for itself or for other things, or a measure.

9 Values relevant to IPBES have different foci, orientation and are of different types They can be divided in concordance with IBPES conceptual framework into values of Nature non-anthropocentric orientation values of Nature s benefits to people anthropocentric orientation including biophysical and instrumental values values of a Good quality of life anthropocentric orientation including relational values.

10 Chapter 3 Valuation Methodologies

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12 Clearly identifying the purpose of a valuation is key. In IPBES assessments identifying the purpose helps the assessors to establish clear boundaries of the assessment process.

13 The choice of valuation method is not a neutral decision: address scoping considerations before choosing valuation methods, information sources, and integrative approaches In IPBES assessments scoping considerations help to make the assessment comprehensive.

14 The choice of methods is a critical part of the valuation process, as it is an important determinant of the valuation outcome. In IPBES assessments the heterogeneity of valuation methods (reviewed and included in the assessment) reflects the diversity and plurality of values.

15 Some integration or bridging approaches aim to aggregate valuation results into a unique outcome, while others do not. In IPBES assessments Up-scaling of values in space or time may be desirable, if studies are available only for specific places or periods in time. Yet, it is not always feasible, as different scales may require different valuation methods.

16 Valuation results can be communicated in various ways, and the representation of values can include quantitative, narrative, visual, performative, and other forms. Confidence limits to the valuation refer to the uncertainty involved in the single study and the number of studies on a particular type of value, as well as the limits of scope, with respect to the scoping considerations, and scale of values.

17 Review the process to analyse its strengths and weaknesses and improve it in the next process of valuation. The overall process may be considered iterative, starting again with the scoping step.

18 Chapter 5 - How to assess values in IPBES assessments?

19 Chapter 5: llustrations for planned and ongoing assessments of how to apply the guidance provided Steps for assessing diverse values in: Regional assessments Land degradation Sustainable use of biodiversity & ESS Invasive alien species

20 Table Create awareness of diversity of values - Search the literature - Structure the sources found - Identify and describe the gaps in the literature Focus of values NATURE Intrinsic value Table 5.1: Types Key targets of of valuation values Nonanthrop ocentric Individual organisms Biophysical assemblages Biophysical processes Examples of key things of value to be specified according to assessment topic Examples of policy relevant questions Key stakeholders, knowledge sources, expertise Methods/ approaches Biodiversity It has been filled with examples for all planned assessments to inspire and trigger debate in assessment teams Data & Inf. sources

21 Chapter 6 Capacity Building (Key component of IPBES work programme for )

22 Three priority areas of capacity building Capacity 1. generating data & information 2. carry out valuations / assessments 3. influence policy & decision making Target audience Multi-disciplinary experts, municipal & local government, NGOs, private sector, universities & research centers Multi-disciplinary experts, municipal and local government, NGOs, private sector, universities & research centers Governments, experts, universities, civil society, resource managers

23 Chapter 7 Policy Support Tools, Methodologies and Instruments for Diverse Conceptualization and Assessment of the Multiple Values of Nature and its Benefits

24 Policy Instruments & Valuation Policy instruments can be viewed according to various contexts and worldviews IPBES conceptual framework highlights the central role of institutions and governance as they influence all aspects of relationships between people and nature and thus values.

25 Institutional failures behind the problem The main underlying reason behind biodiversity loss and ecosystem degradation is due to various institutional failures law and policy failures market failures organizational failures informal institutional failures Valuation is a way to address such failures

26 A 5 step Guide

27 Step 1: Identifying value dimensions & understanding where values play a role in your assessment What worldviews are involved, and what issues are at stake? (see Sections 2.1 and 2.3) What scale or scales are relevant and how do they interact? (see Section 2.3.3) Does the team have the expertise required to address the worldviews and scale issues involved? ILK, ecological science, economics, and other social sciences such as anthropology and human geography. How are values associated with nature, nature s benefits to people and good quality of life? (see Table 2.1) What is the possible scope of values that may be relevant in the assessment? (see Table 2.1 and Chapter 5 for illustrations of its use).

28 Step 2: Searching the literature Be deliberative and expansive in looking for research that includes diverse values and worldviews, as well as ILK research papers, going beyond standard peerreviewed papers. Consider using workshops to gather relevant information. See Chapter 4 for potential sources, specifically also where you might find published versions of ILK (indigenous and local knowledge). Table 5.1 guides you through the search process, be sure to include the policy-relevant questions of your assessment and identify which values are most appropriate to informing these. Document the literature search process and make the arguments for your approach explicit.

29 Step 3: Categorizing, sorting & assessing values which values have been elicited (in the literature) and how? Questions included to guide your assessment of the literature on the following points: Collecting and assessing information about Values, valuation perspectives, and valuation methods included in the information sources. Information addressing synthesis or integration of diversity of values and/or value perspectives E.g. Have values have been aggregated/up-scaled? If so, how and by whom? Has the study attempted to integrate and bridge different types of values, where relevant? (see chapter 3, section 3.3)

30 Step 3: Categorizing, sorting & assessing values which values have been elicited (in the literature) and how? (II) Gaps in individual sources Gaps based on the collected body of knowledge E.g. What gaps are there in the existing data on sociocultural and ecological values of nature, nature s benefits, and good quality of life? E.g. What are the implications of these gaps? Information about interpretation of values in the sources E.g. What types of policy implications are derived from the values documented in the existing data? Synthesize and evaluate what you have found in each of the studies, describe the gaps and their implications.

31 Step 4: Synthesis, up-scaling and integration Information on diverse values can be synthesized using Narratives Integrated modeling (see section 3.3.2) Multi-criteria analysis (see sections and 3.4) Deliberative valuation (see section 3.3.1) Confidence limits to the valuation refer to three levels the level of values available in the literature the level of synthesis, taking into account the number of studies available the limits of scope with respect to the scoping considerations

32 Step 5: Deriving and communicating results Addressing the following questions can effectively guide communication: What are the implications of the value assessments on the policy relevant questions your assessment is addressing? How do results of the value assessment inform scenarios? What are the implications of having incomplete information on values? What are the confidence limits of the results both from the existing body of literature and from the incomplete coverage of diverse values and conceptualizations? Be explicit about how you derive results and where in the assessment more background information can be found.

33 Thank You!