Paris Agreement. Seminar on international climate negotiations 11 October 2016, Chisinau Tomasz Chruszczow, Chair of UNFCCC SBI

Transcription

1 Paris Agreement Seminar on international climate negotiations 11 October 2016, Chisinau Tomasz Chruszczow, Chair of UNFCCC SBI

2 Acknowledgments A numer of slides developed by the UNFCCC Secretariat and some other institutions have been used with original formatting and templates left unchanged, including: 1) Presentations by Adaptation Programme for the LEG and AC meetings 2) Concept of economic diversification in the context of response measures presentation of UNFCCC Secretariat s Technical Paper Kusum Lata PhD

3 Content Preamble is an integral part of Paris Agreement Countries obligations NDCs and its implementation Adaptation to climate change Mechanisms Transparency Framework Decision 1/CP.21 and its implementation What next after 4th of November 2016

4 Main components of the Agreement Global goals / efforts Individual efforts Cooperation Transparency framework Global stocktake Global limit of temperature well below 2 (Art. 2) Long-term goal on mitigation (Art. 4.1) Global goal on adaptation (Art. 7.1) Mobilizing climate finance (Art. 9.3) Context of sustainable development Mitigation Adaptation Capacitybuilding Policy coordination Mobilization of support Response measures Etc. To enhance transparency of action & support, implementation and compliance. Existing tools (BUR/BR, NCs, inventories etc.) will continue to play a very important role Registry (registries?) of NDC To assess progress against the purpose of the Paris Agreement and its long-term goals First global stock-take to take place in 2023, and every 5 years thereafter

5 Preamble to the Agreement Being Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, hereinafter referred as the Convention, Pursuant to the Durban Platform for Enhanced Action established by decision 1/CP.17 of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention at its seventeenth session, In pursuit of the objective of the Convention, and being guided by its principles, including the principle of equity and common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities, in the light of different national circumstances, Recognizing the need for an effective and progressive response to the urgent threat of climate change on the basis of the best available scientific knowledge, It is under the UNFCCC - the Convention, and open to UNFCCC parties Durban Platform (1/CP.17) applicable to all, protocol, agreement or other outcome with legal force, Objective of the Convention, and its principles do not change, including CBDR-RC referred to different national circumstances not anexes, Science will be telling what needs to be done,

6 Preamble to the Agreement Also recognizing the specific needs and special circumstances of developing country Parties, especially those that are particularly vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change, as provided for in the Convention, Taking full account of the specific needs and special situations of the least developed countries with regard to funding and transfer of technology, Recognizing that Parties may be affected not only by climate change, but also by the impacts of the measures taken in response to it, Specific needs and special circumstances of additional safeguard, to take into account developing countries Least Developed Countries the need to provide them with MOI - funding and transfer of technology, Response measures can also impact Parties (ALL)

7 Preamble to the Agreement Emphasizing the intrinsic relationship that climate change actions, responses and impacts have with equitable access to sustainable development and eradication of poverty, Recognizing the fundamental priority of safeguarding food security and ending hunger, and the particular vulnerabilities of food production systems to the adverse impacts of climate change, Taking into account the imperatives of a just transition of the workforce and the creation of decent work and quality jobs in accordance with nationally defined development priorities, Climate change actions enable equitable access to sustainable development and poverty eradication remains a priority Food security - agriculture is particularly vulnerable and needs protection, Just transition of work force, creation of descent jobs nationally defined development remain priorities

8 Preamble to the Agreement Acknowledging that climate change is a common concern of humankind, Parties should, when taking action to address climate change, respect, promote and consider their respective obligations on human rights, the right to health, the rights of indigenous peoples, local communities, migrants, children, persons with disabilities and people in vulnerable situations and the right to development, as well as gender equality, empowerment of women and intergenerational equity, Recognizing the importance of the conservation and enhancement, as appropriate, of sinks and reservoirs of the greenhouse gases referred to in the Convention, Human rights / equity health, indigenous peoples, local communities, migrants, children, persons with disabilities and people in vulnerable situations, the right to development, as well as gender equality, empowerment of women and intergenerational equity, Forests, soil agrable land, are sinks and reservoirs of the GHG referred to in the Convention as important as technology,

9 Preamble to the Agreement Noting the importance of ensuring the integrity of all ecosystems, including oceans, and the protection of biodiversity, recognized by some cultures as Mother Earth, and noting the importance for some of the concept of climate justice, when taking action to address climate change, Affirming the importance of education, training, public awareness, public participation, public access to information and cooperation at all levels on the matters addressed in this Agreement, Recognizing the importance of the engagements of all levels of government and various actors, in accordance with respective national legislations of Parties, in addressing climate change Also recognizing that sustainable lifestyles and sustainable patterns of consumption and production, with developed country Parties taking the lead, play an important role in addressing climate change, Integrity of all ecosystems, named by some cultures as Mother Earth, climate justice, when taking climate change related action, Education, training, public awareness & participation, public access to information and cooperation at all levels, All levels of government and various actors, in accordance with national legislations should get engaged. Sustainable lifestyles as well as consumption & production important in addressing climate change,

10 Key goals of the Paris Agreement Temperature must never rise above the limit of well below 2 deg, and striving not to exceed 1,5 Adaptation and resilience building became equally important components of climate action, recognised as enabler for future climate neutral development Climate finance bn USD annually by 2020 with developed countries taking a lead SDGs context

11 Main components of the Agreement Global goals / efforts Individual efforts Cooperation Transparency framework Global stocktake Global limit of temperature well below 2 (Art. 2) Long-term goal on mitigation (Art. 4.1) Global goal on adaptation (Art. 7.1) Mobilizing climate finance (Art. 9.3) Context of sustainable development Mitigation Adaptation Capacitybuilding Policy coordination Mobilization of support Response measures Etc. To enhance transparency of action & support, implementation and compliance. Existing tools (BUR/BR, NCs, inventories etc.) will continue to play a very important role Registry (registries?) of NDC To assess progress against the purpose of the Paris Agreement and its long-term goals First global stock-take to take place in 2023, and every 5 years thereafter

12 New (?) elements in PA Nationally driven policies and actions, in line with identified circumstances and needs ( Adaptation communications NDCs, National Communications, NAPs. Recognition of the impacts of response measures. Intrinsic linkage to the sustainable development, access to which has been named a right. LDCs needs have been clearly identified. Just transition (of workforce, jobs, etc.) social aspects Climate action need to address human rights and social / societal aspects of development. Role of ecosystems as carbon reservoirs, contributing to carbon neutrality. Important role for the non-state actors and observers. SBI is debating possible modalities for more inclusive participation of observers in the process.

13 Some existing institutions/mechanisms REDD+ framework result based payments. ICA/IAR International Consultation and Analysis / International Assessment & Review. Loss & Damage currently under the review meant to help in alleviating risks (risk retention, risk transfer, ) of extreme weather and slow onset events. NWP for Impacts and Vulnerabilities. Action for Climate Empowerment (better known as Article 6 work programme on education, awarness raising. UNDP UNEP

14 SDGs climate is number 13 quvbjnahxrzrokhtxta4uqjb0ibg&url=http%3a%2f%2fwww.csm4cfs.org%2fworking-groups%2fsdg%2f&psig=afqjcne2mn2xrrfie4ljckac4brs6tlx5g&ust=

15 Cooperation in PA Article 6 1. Cooperative approaches (6.1) - the general concept that Parties may choose, voluntarily, to cooperate in the implementation of their NDCs. 2. Transfers of mitigation outcomes (6.2 & 6.3) - the concept that Parties, when involved in the specific case of cooperative approaches, which involve mitigation outcomes being transferred internationally ITMOs, need to observe CMA guidance on accounting. It is about international transfers of mitigation outcomes (ITMOs) which can be produced from any multilateral, bilateral, global, regional mechanism / procedure / protocol. 3. Mechanism to contribute to mitigation and support sustainable development (6.4 to 6.7) - the establishment of a mechanism to produce mitigation outcomes and support sustainable development, and which operates under the authority of the COP (some call it CDM+). 4. Framework for non-market approaches ( ). The framework for NMAs will aim to achieve the three issues that are outlined in Article 6.8

16 Implementation of PA (Article 6) Cooperative approaches of any kind coud be considered as appropratie for inclusion The governance rules as well as the institutional arrangements need to be developed NMA ITMO balance need to be defined

17 Economic diversification and sustainable development Building resilience against fluctuation in extra regional economic activity Reducing vulnerability to income loss due to volatility of product price on the international market Creating more job oppourtunities Improve economic tolerance Economic diversification Alleviating poverty

18 Strategies for economic diversification Import substitution or export-led policy? Soft or hard industrial policy? Special economic zone Extensive or intensive margin?

19 Sustainable development Action Chart

20 Adaptation under the Agreement (Article 7) Global goal on adaptation Enhancing adaptive capacity Strengthening resilience Reducing vulnerability to climate change Sustainable development Global average temperature to well below 2 C Recognition of adaptation efforts of developing country Parties To also be considered under the global stocktake Adaptation communications To include Priorities Implementation and support needs Plans and actions Link to disaster risk reduction Parties recognize that pursuing efforts towards 1.5 C would significantly reduce the risks and impacts of climate change Global stocktake To recognize adaptation efforts Enhance implementation of adaptation Review adequacy and effectiveness of adaptation and support Review progress in achieving the global goal on adaptation

21 Transparency Framework for action and support To track progress towards the global (collective) goals and individual contributions set out in the Paris Agreement for mitigation, adaptation and support Adaptation elements: Adaptation actions, including good practices, priorities, needs and gaps Support provided and received (financial, technology transfer and capacity-building) Technical expert review (Art ) Modalities, procedures and guidelines to be adopted by CMA 1 to inform Capacitybuilding Initiative for the Transparency Framework Global stocktake

22 1/CP.21 Clear distribution of responsibilities and tasks amongst the bodies to prepare for entry into force SBSTA SBI APA TEC AC Champions pre 2020 action All mandates are coming from the decision and not from the PA. All bodies are accountable to the COP

23 Means of Implementation Finance 100 bn US$ pledge Capacity Building Paris Committee for CB Durban Forum on Capacity Building Technology Transfer North South & South South cooperation TEC Technology Executive Committee TNA (Technical Needs Assessment), technology for adaptation, mitigation, role in the TEP (Technical Examination Process Mitigation)

24 MOI in the pillars of the Agreement Global goals / efforts Individual efforts Cooperation Transparency framework Global stocktake Global limit of temperature well below 2 (Art. 2) Long-term goal on mitigation (Art. 4.1) Global goal on adaptation (Art. 7.1) Mobilizing climate finance (Art. 9.3) Context of sustainable development Mitigation Adaptation Priorities, Planning, Support Capacitybuilding Policy coordination Mobilization of support Response measures Etc. To enhance transparency of action & support, implementation and compliance. Existing tools (BUR/BR, NCs, inventories etc.) will continue to play a very important role Registry (registries?) of NDC To assess progress against the purpose of the Paris Agreement and its long-term goals First global stock-take to take place in 2023, and every 5 years thereafter

25 Implementation timeline Global goals Individual efforts < 2 C global temperature limit Long-term goal on mitigation Global goal on adaptation Mobilization of climate finance Mitigation Adaptation GCF GCF $100 $100bn billion mobilisation mobilization goal goal COP, SBI, SBSTA, CMA, APA processes 4 Nov 2016 Entry into force CMA1 in Marrakech SBI review of progress on made on NAPs Preparatory work to give effect to the Paris Agreement by CMA 1 and beyond Technical examination process on adaptation (TEP-A) First Global Stocktake

26 Transparency Framework for action and support To track progress towards the global (collective) goals and individual contributions set out in the PA for mitigation, adaptation and support MOI related element: Support provided and received (financial, technology transfer and capacity-building) Technical expert review (Art ) Modalities, procedures and guidelines to be adopted by CMA 1 to inform Capacitybuilding Initiative for the Transparency Framework Global stock take

27 Means of Implementation Paris spirit is not given forever! We need trust-building proofs of life Joint initiatives are needed - team-work effect. Developed parties are tasked to take a lead but are not the only responsible. The others will join when they see Copenhagen / Cancun pledges fulfilled. Capacity gaps are major constraints. Cooperation might be a very cost efficient way to address them. It is not only about NAI countries. MOIs could alleviate investors risks (political, financial, weather & climate, work force related).

28 New timeline will be agreed at COP22 Global goals Individual efforts < 2 C global temperature limit Long-term goal on mitigation Global goal on adaptation Mobilization of climate finance Mitigation Adaptation GCF $100bn mobilization goal COP, SBI, SBSTA, CMA, APA processes 4 Nov 2016 Entry into force CMA1 in Marrakech SBI review of progress on made on NAPs Preparatory work to give effect to the Paris Agreement by CMA 1 and beyond Technical examination process on adaptation (TEP-A) First Global Stocktake

29 What will happen in Marrakech The first meeting of the CMA A number of reviews 1/CP.21 we need a renewed road map for PA implementation Gender decision from Doha; Warsaw International Mechanism Loss & Damage. Continuation of so far established work - programmes. Mandated events and meetings which do not belong to negotiations but to convention s implementation ICA/IAR related meetings WS2 process TEP/TEM Not much of revolution lots of implementation instead

30 How to contact The project team can be contacted at personal addresses (Team Leader: and: Clima East Office, c/o Milieu Ltd Chaussée de Charleroi No. 112, First Floor 1060 Brussels (Belgium) Tel: Website: English: - Russian: Follow us on Facebook: look for CLIMA EAST PROJECT