Kompetensbaserad Träning

Transcription

1 Kompetensbaserad Träning

2 Context

3 A Thesis about MPL Why MPL as topic for thesis? Investigation and education in depth and objectively! Get info Analyse Repeat Background Now Future

4 Impact of the Thesis Personal comparison between theory and reality Acted as a foundation of learning and development of the MPL training at Lund University School of Aviation Prompted much training and industry discussion Limited content to be presented in the form of a SWOT analysis and student reflections

5 Study findings SWOT: Strengths Airlines rate line performance of MPL pilots very high, especially considering their limited experience, with overall success rates in line training around 98-99% MPL training is to a large extent performed in the exact same environment as work is later performed, allowing effective transfer Previous add-ons as company SOPs, TEM and CRM are integrated from the start

6 Study findings SWOT: Weaknesses Aircraft manual handling ATC communication and language proficiency Descent planning and energy management There is a need to review and adapt theoretical knowledge requirements

7 Study findings SWOT: Opportunities MPL is working but how about Competency-Based Training? MPL training providers states that they deliver ComBT, but is that really what they are all doing? The full MPL potential is not yet neither understood in depth, explored or put into practice in training

8 Study findings SWOT: Threats The MPL is caught in a political discussion that is potentially going nowhere fast Instructional Systems Design and the iterative process of developing training to be effective everyone has to be included Generational differences distort the view of MPL, as does the view of students as products

9 Competency-Based Training CORE COMPETENCIES 1. Application of Procedures 2. Communication 3. Flight Management, Guidance and Automation 4. Manual Aircraft Control Around the world authorities locally adapt the intentions of CBT in different forms of practice Core Competencies for pilots only? 5. Leadership and Teamwork 6. Problem Solving and Decision Making 7. Situational Awareness 8. Workload Management

10 Competency-Based Training cont. Competence the combination of Knowledge, Skills and Attitudes required to perform a task to a prescribed standard under a certain condition

11 Competence the combination of Knowledge, Skills and Attitudes required to perform a task to a prescribed standard under a certain condition

12 Instructional Systems Design

13 ISD in practice Task analysis Design Development Implementation Evaluation CORE COMPETENCIES 1. Application of Procedures 2. Communication 3. Flight Management, Guidance and Automation 4. Manual Aircraft Control 5. Leadership and Teamwork 6. Problem Solving and Decision Making 7. Situation Awareness 8. Workload Management

14 Competency-Based Training Core Competencies Knowledge Threat and Error Management

15 TEM Example THREAT: ATC call to give clearance which interrupts checklist ERROR: Pilot skipped checklist items Line-up checks are not completed UNDESIRED AIRCRAFT STATE: Aircraft is lined up for TO-roll with pitot heat OFF

16 TEM Management? Task fixation avoided (kept finger at CL item until CL is continued) Aircraft settings verified (start CL all over again after the clearance is read back) Effective task prioritization (request ATC to hold clearance until CL completed)

17 TEM Example THREAT: Crosswind Take-Off ERROR: Pilot did not turn aileron into the wind UNDESIRED AIRCRAFT STATE: Aircraft is accelerating in the take-off roll with flight controls incorrectly configured

18 TEM Management? Task fixation avoided Into wind aileron raised Aircraft settings and crew actions verified PM did not hesitate to query Actions openly verified

19 Competency-Based Training Training towards competency requires awareness and understanding about the core competencies at all levels New and different demands on student and instructor Competence the combination of Knowledge, Skills and Attitudes required to perform a task to a prescribed standard under a certain condition

20 The Competency Confusion Core Competencies Competency Units - Apply TEM principles - Perform ground and pre-flight operations - Perform take-off - Perform climb - Perform cruise - Perform descent - Perform approach - Perform landing - Perform after-landing and aircraft post-flight operations Competency Elements

21 Let s Design Clear for Take Off!

22 Perform Take-Off C O R E Competence the combination of Knowledge, Skills and Attitudes required to perform a task to a prescribed standard under a certain condition

23 Perform Take-Off A D V A N C E D

24 Wait a second. isn t this what we already do? CORE COMPETENCIES 1. Application of Procedures 2. Communication 3. Flight Management, Guidance and Automation 4. Manual Aircraft Control 5. Leadership and Teamwork 6. Problem Solving and Decision Making 7. Situation Awareness 8. Workload Management 2. Communication, COM - Ensures the recipient is ready when able to receive the information - Selects appropriately what, when, how and with whom to communicate - Conveys messages clearly, accurately and concisely - Confirms that the recipient correctly understands important information - Listens actively and demonstrates understanding when receiving information - Asks relevant and effective questions - Adheres to standard radio telephone phraseology and procedures - Accurately reads and interprets required company and flight documentation - Accurately reads, interprets, constructs and responds to datalink messages in English - Completes accurate reports as required by operating procedures - Correctly interprets non-verbal information - Uses eye contact, body movement and gestures that are consistent with and support verbal messages

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26 CPL MEIR+TR vs MPL NQ PIC CC MCC PPL CPL TR ME IR Instr PIC SPIC DUAL 70 NQ 240 Host Airline Upset

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35 But, what about the students?

36 Student Reflections MPL Training in General Training attitude - keen to learn even more! Realisation that much remains to be learned Well prepared airline pilot when finished

37 Student Reflections Flying in Small Aircraft Has a value that should not be underestimated Serves as a motivator during core training as well as an important catalyst to CBT 1.7% - 52%?

38 Student Reflections Flying in Simulators Excellent training tool throughout all forms of training Some difference to the actual aircraft in some phases Dahlstrom N. & Nählinder S. (2007). Mental Workload in Simulator and Aircraft during Basic Civil Aviation Training. International Journal of Aviation Psychology, 19(4),

39 Student Reflections The Instructors Single most important factor for success in flight training, even more so for MPL!

40 Who is responsible?

41 Communicate expectations

42 Instructor, Coach and Pedagog More than one way? The pedagogy philosophy should utilise the fact that students come to the MPL program with diverse experiences. The coach is not to teach the students what methods to use, what standpoint to take, or what strategies that are right or wrong but rather to facilitate the development of the student s own ability to reflect and argue for his or her standpoint.

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44 Self confidence is a S K I L L! Thoughts influence actions Self confidence/insight will provide a personal interpretation of what went right and wrong

45 Tack!