Use of household surveys for measuring entrepreneurship from a gender perspective

Transcription

1 Use of household surveys for measuring entrepreneurship from a gender perspective Social and Housing Statistics Section - UNSD

2 Building on existing household-level data collection Introducing changes in existing household-level data collection is most feasible strategy to pursue within time frame of EDGE project Design of household surveys is generally more flexible than design of enterprise surveys Relevant synergies can be exploited with the EDGE household survey modules on asset ownership and control

3 3 household-level options proposed in EDGE methodological guidelines 1. Add two additional questions to existing labour force or general household surveys 2. Add roughly 6 questions to same instrument 3. Canvas full entrepreneurship module Ideally using mixed 1-2 survey approach, otherwise appended to existing household survey

4 Option 1 Add 2 internationally standardized questions to labour force or general household survey that identify enterprise owners, with and without employees, from the broader set of self-employed

5 Option 1 (cont d.) Q1. Are you a) paid a salary or a wage by an employment agency? b) a sole director of your own limited-liability enterprise? c) a partner/associate in your own limited-liability enterprise? d) running alone your own enterprise or a professional practice? e) a partner in an enterprise or a professional practice? f) none of the above

6 Option 1 (cont d.) Q2. Excluding yourself, has any paid employee worked for your enterprise or professional practice over the last month? a) yes, 1-5 paid employees b) yes, 6-15 paid employees c) yes, more than 15 paid employees d) no, I only receive unpaid help e) no, I do not have any paid or unpaid employees

7 Option 1 (cont d.) These 2 questions: Overcome uncertainties and comparability issues of cross-country analysis based on the number of selfemployed Enable derivation of core participation indicators: Percentage of enterprise owners who are women, by number of employees Percentage of adult population who are entrepreneurs, by sex

8 Option 2 Add roughly 6 internationally standardized questions to labour force or general household survey, asked of all individuals who jointly own an enterprise to identify primary ownership and management

9 Option 2 (cont d.) Individuals who report that they jointly own an enterprise in Q1 (Option 1) should be asked: the gender, relationship and ownership shares of the 4 main owners of the enterprise who has the main responsibility for day-to-day production and selling activities who has the main responsibility for managing dayto-day operations who holds financial control of the enterprise (signs loans/contracts, hires/fires)

10 Option 2 (cont d.) These 6 questions: Slightly increase data collection and response burdens But allow for finer insights on gendered participation in entrepreneurship by focusing on owners with primary decision-making responsibilities Also enable derivation of core indicator: percentage of women who are the main owners and managers of enterprises, by presence of employees

11 Option 3 Add a full module on entrepreneurship to labour force or general household survey that enables measurement of the four dimensions of the EDGE conceptual framework

12 EDGE conceptual framework Determinants Outcomes Impact Motivations and aspirations Entrepreneurial resources and constraints Entrepreneurial participation Enterprise performance Employment creation Growth with poverty reduction Women s empowerment EDGE indicators on entrepreneurship Analysis

13 Mapping module questions to EDGE conceptual framework Framework Dimension Motivations and Aspirations Indicator, by sex of owner A1. Percentage of necessity entrepreneurs A2. Percentage of entrepreneurs who were unemployed before starting enterprise A3. Percentage of enterprise founders A4. Percentage of entrepreneurs satisfied with the size of their enterprise Module Questions Q726 HH Roster Q216-Q217 Q715 Q725 (code P)

14 Mapping module questions to EDGE conceptual framework (cont d.) Framework Dimension Entrepreneurial Resources and Constraints Indicator, by sex of owner B1. Percentage of entrepreneurs who completed secondary education or higher B3. Percentage of founders who used credit from banks to start enterprise B4. Percentage of entrepreneurs who used credit from banks to finance operating investments B5. Percentage of entrepreneurs identifying access to finance as major constraint for enterprise growth B6. Percentage of entrepreneurs identifying lack of time as major constraint for enterprise growth Module Questions HH Roster Q215 Q716 Q721 Q725 (code c) Q725 (code o)

15 Mapping module questions to EDGE conceptual framework (cont d.) Framework Dimension Entrepreneurial Participation Indicator, by sex of owner C1. Percentage of adult population who are entrepreneurs C2. Percentage of entrepreneurs, by size of enterprise and industry C3. Percentage of women who are main owners and managers of enterprise, by size of enterprise C4. Percentage of firms owned by women, by size of enterprise and industry C5. Percentage of women among owners of unregistered enterprises Module Questions Q711 Q709, Q711, Q720 Q711, Q712, Q713, Q714, Q720 Business IDS, Q709, Q711, Q720 Q711, Q718, Q719

16 Mapping module questions to EDGE conceptual framework (cont d.) Framework Dimension Entrepreneurial Performance Indicator, by sex of owner D1. Gender gap in earnings from enterprise D2. Gender gap in enterprise turnover D6. Average age of enterprise Q717 Module Questions Q710, Q723 Q710, Q722

17 Additional questions needed to measure following proposed indicators Framework Dimension Entrepreneurial Resources and Constraints Enterprise Performance Indicator, by sex of owner B2. Percentage of entrepreneurs who received training or education on how to start an enterprise B7. Average hours spent working on the enterprise, per week B8. Percentage of entrepreneurs who regularly receive managerial advice, by source of advice D3. Percentage of enterprises with employment growth D7. Job satisfaction of entrepreneurs

18 Thank you!