with the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) for the Kingdom of Eswatini 26 June 2018 Adaptation Planning

Transcription

1 with the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) for the Kingdom of Eswatini 26 June 2018 Adaptation Planning

2 Readiness and Preparatory Support Proposal How to complete this document? - A readiness guidebook (URL) is available to provide information on how to access funding under the GCF Readiness and Preparatory Support programme. It should be consulted to assist in the completion of this proposal template. - This document should be completed by National Designated Authorities (NDAs) or focal points with support from their delivery partners where relevant. - Please be concise. If you need to include any additional information, please attach it to the proposal. - Information on the indicative list of activities eligible for readiness and preparatory support and the process for the submission, review and approval of this proposal can be found on pages of the guidebook Where to get support? - If you are not sure how to complete this document, or require support, please send an to countries@gcfund.org. We will aim to get back to you within 48 hours. - You can also complete as much of this document as you can and then send it to countries@gcfund.org. We will get back to you within 5 working days to discuss your submission and the way forward. Note: Environmental and Social Safeguards and Gender Throughout this document, when answering questions and providing details, please make sure to pay special attention to environmental, social and gender issues, in particular to the situation of vulnerable populations, including women and men. Please be specific about proposed actions to address these issues. Consult page 4 of the readiness guidebook for more information.

3 LIST OF ACRONYMS ACCF ACMS AF COMESA COP CSO DP EbA GCF GDP GEF GHG GoS INDC LCE LDC LDCF MDT M&E MEAS MET MTEA NAP NAPA NCCC NCCP NCCRS NCCSAP NDA NDS NEF NERMAP NGO PM PMC PMU PO SDG TWG UNDP UN Environment UNFCCC UNISWA Africa Climate Change Fund Aid Coordination Management Section Adaptation Fund Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa Conference of the Parties Civil Society Organisation Delivery Partner Ecosystem-based Adaptation Green Climate Fund Gross Domestic Product Global Environment Facility Greenhouse Gas Government of Swaziland Intended Nationally Determined Contribution Low Carbon Economy Least Developed Country Least Developed Countries Fund Multi-disciplinary Team Monitoring and Evaluation Monitoring and Evaluation Association of Swaziland The Department of Meteorology Ministry of Tourism and Environmental Affairs National Adaptation Plan National Adaptation Programme of Action National Climate Change Committee National Climate Change Policy National Climate Change Response Strategy National Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan National Designated Authority National Development Strategy National Environment Fund National Emergency Response Mitigation and Adaptation Plan Non-Governmental Organisation Project Manager Project Management Costs Project Management Unit Programme Officer Sustainable Development Goal Thematic Working Group United Nations Development Programme United Nations Environment Programme United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change University of Swaziland

4 SECTION 1: SUMMARY 1. Country submitting the proposal 2. Date of initial submission 3. Last date of resubmission (if applicable) 4. Which entity will implement the Readiness and Preparatory Support project? (Provide the contact information if entity is different from NDA/focal point) Country name: Swaziland Name of institution (representing National Designated Authority or Focal Point): Ministry of Tourism and Environmental Affairs (MTEA) Name of official: Mr. Emmanuel Dlamini Position: Principal Secretary and GCF Focal Point Telephone: / Full Office address: 2 nd Floor Income Tax Building Mhlambanyatsi road Mbabane, Swaziland 17 July 2017 National Designated Authority Delivery partner Accredited entity Name of institution: United Nations Environment Programme (UN Environment) Name of official: Ermira Fida Position: Green Climate Fund Coordinator Telephone: (0) ermira.fida@unep.org Full Office address: UN Environment, UN Complex, PO Box , Nairobi, Kenya Name of contact person: Richard Munang Position: Regional Climate Change Coordinator richard.munang@unep.org Telephone: Office land line Mobile: Full office address: UN Environment, Africa Office, Nairobi. Kenya Block 1, NOF, Ground Floor, South Wing, PO Box 30552, (00100), Nairobi, Kenya 5. Title of the Readiness and Preparatory Support Proposal 6. Brief summary of the request (500 words) Please describe the current status of NAP in country and what the readiness support is aiming to achieve Building capacity to advance National Adaptation Plan process in Swaziland The land-locked Kingdom of Swaziland is vulnerable to the impacts of climate change and variability. In particular, extreme weather events such as droughts, bush fires, floods and cyclones are becoming increasingly severe and frequent. These events are threatening inter alia water resources, food security and health, thereby impeding Swaziland s progress towards sustainable development. The Government of Swaziland (GoS) is committed to reducing the vulnerability of its people and climate-sensitive economic sectors to the impacts of climate change. In 2015, Swaziland initiated the development of the National Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan (NCCSAP) for the period of , which informed the National Climate Change Policy (NCCP) that was adopted in The NCCP provides a framework for addressing national climate change challenges, through an integrated and participatory approach. Despite the creation of such guiding documents, there are still gaps in implementation, particularly the integration of climate change adaptation into sectoral policies, strategies and plans. At present, Swaziland depends heavily on external support technical and financial to implement project-based initiatives to cope with the impacts of climate change. These initiatives are primarily reactive, emergency relief efforts as opposed to proactive initiatives that focus on risk reduction and preparedness. This is largely because of the barriers to the implementation of the NAP process, including: i) limited access to knowledge that can inform climate-resilient planning processes; ii) limited financial and technical capacities to implement policies, strategies and plans that integrate climate

5 change; iii) absence of the required financial structures to coordinate and fund crosssectoral planning; and iv) limited institutional structures and technical capacity to initiate a cross-sectoral, integrated and iterative NAP process. 7. Total requested amount and currency 8. Anticipated duration This GCF NAP Readiness project seeks to address these barriers by strengthening the institutional, technical and financial capacity of the Swaziland government at national level to advance the NAP process, thereby facilitating Swaziland s transition to climate-resilient development. Although the primary focus will be at the national level where there is ministerial representation, because of the small size of the country, certain activities will be undertaken at the regional and local level. This is important because it is at the local level where many adaptation activities are actually implemented. In this context, the proposed project will have four expected outcomes: 1. National mandate, strategy and steering mechanisms in place; 2. Climate change information and knowledge available for appraisal of adaptation options; 3. Resources mobilised to inform and facilitate medium- and long-term adaptation options; 4. Planning units of relevant ministries monitor, review and communicate results of the NAP process. The NAP formulation and implementation process will build on existing institutional structures and coordination mechanisms specifically the National Climate Change Committee (NCCC). This will contribute to progress already made by the GoS with regards to long-term climate change planning. Lessons learned from the preparation of National Communications, the Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC), NCCSAP and the NCCP will be considered and incorporated into future NAP processes. 2,796,400 USD 36 months Yes No 9. Is the country receiving other Readiness and Preparatory Support related to the GCF? Swaziland has received US$300,000 from the GCF Readiness and Preparatory Support Programme to strengthen the capacity of the NDA, which will be responsible for ensuring complementarity between GCF Readiness activities. Currently, the NDA lacks the necessary capacities to perform all the responsibilities required to effectively engage with and facilitate the engagement of stakeholders in the country with the GCF. The support obtained from the GCF will build the necessary national and institutional capacity to undertake GCF-related activities as well as develop and implement GCF projects and programmes.

6 SECTION 2: COUNTRY READINESS LOGICAL FRAMEWORK Please complete the table below, which enables a country to assess its readiness for the GCF and set targets for strengthening its readiness, including proposed outputs and activities to improve the country s readiness. For further guidance on completing the table, please refer to the guidebook Accessing the GCF Readiness and Preparatory Support Programme. SUB-COMPONENTS [1] BASELINE TARGET Activities/Inputs (Including key outputs or deliverables where applicable) Sub-Component/Outcome 1. National mandate, strategy and steering mechanisms are in place. Output 1.1 Coordination mechanism to spearhead the NAP process is created. 2/6 5/ Strengthen the capacity of the existing National Climate Change Committee to spearhead the NAP process in Swaziland by: i) undertaking stakeholder mapping to identify and clearly define its mandate, roles and responsibilities; and ii) enhancing representation of relevant ministries and departments, local communities, academia, gender and vulnerable groups, and the private sector. Deliverable: NCCC workshop resulting in a report that outlines roles, responsibilities, and the new approach to the NAP process Timeframe: To be completed by month Establish Multi-disciplinary Teams (MDTs) to provide linkages between the ministries involved in climate change. These MDTs should build on the experiences of thematic and cross-cutting working groups in developing the Third National Communication and the National Climate Change Policy. Deliverable: Establishment of multi-disciplinary committees Timeframe: To be completed by month Develop policy briefs and conduct briefings to inform policy- and decision-makers on the challenges and opportunities associated with climate change adaptation and the NAP process. This will be done based on the reports developed under Activity Deliverable: Policy briefs Timeframe: To be completed by month Develop a roadmap, including a communication plan to be used in the NAP formulation process Deliverable: NAP roadmap and communication plan Timeframe: To be completed by month 6

7 1.1.5 Formally launch the NAP readiness programme. This will include high-level meetings with policy-makers, parliamentarians, youth organizations and local communities. Deliverable: NAP launch meeting minutes and report Timeframe: To be completed by month 6 Output 1.2 National and sectoral policies, plans and strategies identified and assessed to facilitate integration of climate change adaptation and periodic reviews Conduct a stocktaking exercise to identify information available and any information gaps at national and sectoral level, including inter alia: i) climate change impacts, vulnerability and resilience; ii) potential barriers to climate change adaptation; and iii) opportunities for climate change adaptation in the country. This exercise should build on existing strategies and frameworks such as the National Development Strategy, National Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan, Climate Change Policy, as well as sectoral policies and strategies on Biodiversity and Ecosystems, Water, Energy, Health, and Agriculture. Deliverable: Assessment report on available information and gaps Timeframe: To be completed by month Develop and implement a strategy for the periodic review of existing sectoral and crosssectoral legislation, policies, strategies, action and development plans, including the integration in an iterative manner of: i) updated climate information; ii) lessons learned from prior integration of climate change into these strategies and plans; iii) lessons learned from prior implementation of these policies, strategies and plans; and iv) knowledge generated through the study, as well as research programmes implemented under Output 3.3. The strategy should include updating the relevant line ministries on a quarterly basis regarding progress in promoting and integrating climate change into existing policies and legislation. Deliverable: Draft strategy for periodic review of legislation, policies, plans etc. Timeframe: To be completed by month Develop reports on: i) the vulnerability of each thematic and cross-cutting area in the face of climate change and opportunities for adaptation based on updated climate information; and ii) entry points for integrating adaptation to climate change into relevant policies, strategies and plans and programmes. Deliverable: Recommendations report Timeframe: To be completed by month Develop guidelines to support the integration of climate change adaptation into the design and approval processes of policies, plans and strategies to ensure medium- and long-term consideration, based on the reports developed under Activity Deliverable: Climate change integration guidelines Timeframe: To be completed by month 18

8 Output 1.3 Stakeholders engaged and capacity strengthened Build capacity of policy-makers, decision-makers and technical staff from relevant government institutions identified through stakeholder mapping under Activity (e.g. Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Economic Planning and Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Ministry of Health, Ministry of Housing and Urban Development, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Natural Resources and Energy) through tailored training on: i) the current climate vulnerability of each sector; ii) recommended revisions to current policies and institutions to integrate adaptation to climate change; and iii) a standardised approach to implementing the NAP process. The capacity building will take into account the results of the comprehensive gap analysis and capacity assessment under Activity Deliverable: Training sessions for policy-makers, decision-makers and technical staff Timeframe: To be completed by month Develop and implement an awareness raising campaign in each of the four regions for local authorities, private sector, CSOs and local communities on: i) the national priorities for climate change adaptation; ii) climate scenarios; and iii) opportunities for integrating adaptation into local development planning process. Deliverable: Four awareness-raising campaigns to advance the NAP process Timeframe: To be completed by month Review the school curricula and develop an education manual to mainstream climate change into the school curriculum, building on the initial groundwork done under the GEF Project "Adapting Transboundary Water Resources to the Impacts of Climate Change". Deliverable: Education/training manual Timeframe: To be completed by month Design and implement a training course for relevant government stakeholders, particularly the members of the MDT, on inter alia climate change adaptation planning and integration as well as vulnerability assessments. Deliverable: Training workshops Timeframe: To be completed by month 18 Sub-Component/Outcome 2. Climate change information and knowledge available for appraisal of adaptation options. 2/6 5/6

9 Output 2.1 Climate information and knowledge generated to inform medium- and long-term adaptation planning Conduct a gap analysis and capacity needs assessment of the climate information system to assess: i) weaknesses; ii) adequacy of available data and information; and iii) resources to effectively engage in the NAP process. This assessment should build on previous processes such as NCCRS, National Communications, INDC, Vulnerability Assessment Report, and the NERMAP. Deliverable: Climate change information review and gap analysis Timeframe: To be completed by month Develop climate scenarios, including temperature and precipitation, for the periods: i) ; ii) ; iii) ; and iv) , providing details at sub-national level. These periods are in line with the National Development Strategy 2022, the INDC and SDGs, as well as the African Union Agenda Deliverable: Climate scenarios Timeframe: To be completed by month Assess the current and future vulnerability and socio-economic impacts of climate change at national, and sub-national levels based on the: i) reports developed under Activity 1.2.3; and ii) climate scenarios developed under Activity Deliverable: Assessment report of current and future impacts of climate change. Timeframe: To be completed by month Rank and map climate change risks and vulnerabilities for all four regions (digital and hard copy). Deliverable: Map of prioritised climate change risks and vulnerabilities Timeframe: To be completed by month 24 Output 2.2 Knowledge information system upgraded to support the NAP process Establish a climate change information management system and central database for the collation and dissemination of climate information (including the results of the long-term research programme under Activity 3.3.1) to inform future adaptation assessments. Deliverable: Operational climate information management system and database Timeframe: To be completed by month Develop and implement a coordination mechanism for improving access to and sharing of data (including procedures for data collection and analysis). Deliverable: Coordination plan Timeframe: To be completed by month Develop a climate change information portal to disseminate information on climate change, NAP process and all knowledge information and materials developed during the NAP

10 process. Deliverable: Operational climate information portal Timeframe: To be completed by month Upgrade the climate data collection sources by procuring and installing 10 automatic weather stations. Deliverable: Installation of automatic weather stations Timeframe: To be completed by month Train staff from the National Meteorological Service on using climate monitoring equipment and calibration, use of multiple sources of climate data for developing climate change scenarios, impact scenarios and modelling. Deliverable: Technical training sessions Timeframe: To be completed by month Develop and implement a strategy for the operation and maintenance of the climate information system. Deliverable: Guidance manual with standardised approaches Timeframe: To be completed by month 24 Output 2.3 Adaptation options evaluated and prioritised using a cost-benefit analysis Review and appraise individual climate change adaptation options, including economic, ecosystem, and social costs and benefits for unintended impacts of such measures in Swaziland. Deliverable: Evaluation report of climate change adaptation options. Timeframe: To be completed by month Define national criteria for prioritising implementation based on development needs, climate vulnerability, risks, existing plans and valuation of ecosystem goods and services generated through study or research programme under Component 3. Deliverable: National criteria for prioritisation of climate change adaptation options. Timeframe: To be completed by month Train technical staff, including members of the MDTs, on the system to evaluate and prioritise climate change adaptation options developed in Activity Deliverable: Training workshops Timeframe: To be completed by month 30

11 Sub-Component/Outcome 3. Resources mobilised to inform and facilitate medium- and longterm adaptation options. Output 3.1 Economic assessment of adaptation options available. 1/6 5/ Review the National Emergency Response Mitigation and Adaptation Response Plan (NERMAP) and other reports produced on costing adaptation in Swaziland in the shortmedium- and long-term perspective, considering the vulnerability assessed in Activity This cost estimation should be conducted on all adaptation options prioritized in the National Adaptation Plans in Activity Deliverable: Economic assessment Timeframe: To be completed by month Identify information gaps for a reliable estimation of costs in key sectors for implementing climate change adaptation in the medium- and long-term. Deliverable: Gap analysis Timeframe: To be completed by month Undertake a detailed economic study to fill the information gaps and estimate the costs of implementing the adaptation interventions included in the policies, strategies and plans updated under Component 1. Deliverable: Economic study Timeframe: To be completed by month 24 Output 3.2 Mobilisation of financial resources for climate change adaptation Develop an adaptation finance strategy to: i) access new identified sources of adaptation finance; ii) review and strengthen the structure of the existing funding institutions; iii) support effective channelling of funds across sectors according to adaptation priorities identified in Component 1; and iv) integrate climate change adaptation into development planning and budget processes. Deliverable: Adaptation finance strategy Timeframe: To be completed by month Develop guidelines for the integration of climate change adaptation into national- and locallevel planning and budgets. Deliverable: Operational guidelines Timeframe: To be completed by month Organize annual donors' Round Table discussions to identify and mobilize potential new public, private, bilateral and multilateral sources of climate finance to address the adaptation needs assessed under Activity

12 Deliverable: Round Table discussion minutes and reports Timeframe: To be completed by month Develop and implement training programme for MTEA and other relevant government stakeholders to strengthen the capacity for the implementation of the adaptation finance strategy. Deliverable: Training workshops and manual Timeframe: To be completed by month Develop three GCF concepts and associated documents for accessing project preparation facilities toward developing full funding proposals for the installation of a fully operational and sustainable climate information system in Swaziland based on the gap analysis and needs assessment undertaken in Component 2, as well as for addressing other identified adaptation needs. Deliverable: Three GCF Concept Notes Timeframe: To be completed by month 30 Output 3.3 Climate change research programme to inform future investments in climate change adaptation Develop and support a study and research programme in collaboration with relevant organizations such as UNISWA and/or other government institutions to measure the effectiveness of past, present and future adaptation interventions to inform long-term adaptation planning; including integration of Ecosystem-based Adaptation (EbA) approach in the research programme. The study and research programme should focus on the following sectors: i) agriculture; ii) water and iii) biodiversity. Deliverable: Research/study programme Timeframe: To be completed by month Map responsibilities of key institutions in implementing, maintaining and monitoring relevant projects to inform climate change adaptation planning in the medium- and long-term, including strengthening of existing research team/steering committee. Deliverable: Stakeholder mapping Timeframe: To be completed by month Develop business plans and financial models, working closely with the private-sector, to demonstrate the financial value of ecosystem goods, products and services generated by EbA to local communities and different sectors. Deliverable: Draft business plans and financial models Timeframe: To be completed by month Develop reports for the dissemination of knowledge generated through the long-term

13 research in the priority sectors identified in Activity These reports should be disseminated to a wide range of public institutions and sectors via the climate information portal, which will be integrated into policies and strategies through the periodic review process established in Component 1. This will include the dissemination of initial results during the project lifespan. Deliverable: Research findings and at least one report per priority sector to be uploaded to climate information portal Timeframe: To be completed by month 36 Sub-Component/Outcome 4. Planning units of relevant ministries monitor, review and communicate results of the NAP process. Output 4.1 Monitoring and reviewing system for the NAP process established. 1/6 6/ Develop and implement a monitoring and reviewing system for the NAP process in Swaziland including: i) performance indicators at national- and local-level; ii) short-, medium- and long-term targets; iii) monitoring and reviewing tools and templates; iv) assessment planning; and vi) and follow-up actions. Deliverable: Operational M&R system Timeframe: To be completed by month Develop monitoring and reviewing guidelines and tools for technical staff of relevant government institutions including Ministry of Economic Planning and Development, Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Agriculture, Ministry of Tourism and Environmental Affairs, and other lead ministries and departments to facilitate data collection, analysis and dissemination of the results. Deliverable: M&R guidelines and training materials Timeframe: To be completed by month 30 Output 4.2 Technical training of national and local government representatives and stakeholders to implement the monitoring and reviewing system for the NAP Conduct technical training of relevant government institutions' staff including Ministry of Economic Planning and Development, Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Tourism and Environmental Affairs, CSOs, and other thematic lead ministries and departments on the use of the guidelines and tools to monitor, review and assess the NAP process. Deliverable: M&R training workshop Timeframe: To be completed by month Conduct an awareness-raising campaign including decision-makers, regional-, districtand sector-level officers on the monitoring and reviewing system and provide training to meet the performance targets.

14 Deliverable: M&R awareness-raising campaign Timeframe: To be completed by month 30 Output 4.3 NAP document and communication material on NAP formulation, implementation, funding and monitoring to learn from the NAP process in Swaziland Develop a National Adaptation Plan for endorsement by Parliament. Deliverable: NAP document Timeframe: To be completed by month Document, analyse and disseminate the NAP process' key findings and lessons learned, as well as previous relevant initiatives aligned with the NAP process in Swaziland using various global and regional networks and knowledge platforms, including the climate information portal developed under Output 2.2. Deliverable: Report on the NAP process Timeframe: To be completed by month Produce a documentary and videos on the implementation of the NAP process in Swaziland. Deliverable: Documentary and videos Timeframe: To be completed by month Submit Swaziland's NAP document to the UNFCCC and present it to the national and international stakeholders including during climate change related international meetings. Deliverable: NAP document and meeting minutes Timeframe: To be completed by month 36 TOTAL 6/24 21/24

15 PAGE 14 OF 78 ver. 19 August 2016 SECTION 3: ADDITIONAL INFORMATION Please explain how this grant will help deliver on the country s NAP as identified above and build on institutions, processes or existing work already underway in the country. Please provide a description of: a. Context b. Baseline situation with regards to each output c. Objectives, outcomes and impact d. Stakeholders consultation e. Gender f. Theory of change a) Context The Kingdom of Swaziland (hereafter referred to as Swaziland) is a small landlocked country in southern Africa that is bed by Mozambique in the East and South Africa elsewhere. The country has an estimated population of 1.3 million, of which ~70% live in rural areas and derive their livelihoods from agriculture 1. This climate-sensitive economic sector that supports the majority of rural communities is particularly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. Current climate change impacts that threaten inter alia water resources and food security in Swaziland, include: i) variations in rainfall; ii) higher air temperatures; and iii) an increased frequency and intensity of extreme weather events such as droughts, bush fires, floods and cyclones. Drylands that cover 54% of the nation s land area are also vulnerable to the increased risk of desertification expected under climate change conditions 2. Despite Swaziland s classification as a lower middle-income country, 26% of people aged are infected with HIV 3, 7% of the labour force are unemployed 4 and the country s economic growth declined to 1.7% in Furthermore, 63% of the population live below the national poverty line 6. These factors present numerous development challenges for Swaziland, which are exacerbated by the impacts of climate change and variability. Limited financial resources, for example, prevent rural communities from investing in the appropriate adaptation practices and infrastructure required to enhance their adaptive capacity. The Government of Swaziland (GoS) recognises that climate change and variability is severely impacting its population and national development objectives. Since becoming a member of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in 1996 and signing the Kyoto Protocol in 2006, Swaziland has made some progress in climate change planning. The Ministry of Tourism and Environmental Affairs (MTEA) has been mandated to manage national climate change challenges and is now the Nationally Designated Authority (NDA) to the Green Climate Fund (GCF). National Communications have also been developed and Swaziland s Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC) was prepared in accordance with and submitted to the UNFCCC. Swaziland s main adaptation action under the INDC is to develop a National Adaptation Plan by 2020 to: i) identify climate risks; ii) reduce vulnerability and build adaptive capacity; and iii) facilitate the coherent integration of climate change adaptation into new and existing policies, programmes and activities, through national development planning and budgeting processes. The extent to which Swaziland s adaptation contribution can be achieved is largely dependent on the level of international support received, because national budgets are constrained and financial resource mobilisation strategies do not exist. A shortfall in domestic financing for climate change adaptation is evident in the budget of the National Emergency Response Mitigation and Adaptation Plan (NERMAP). This plan was developed in response to the 2015/2016 El Niño-induced droughts and promotes a sustainable approach to disaster risk reduction outlining both immediate and long-term actions. The total estimated budget for implementation is US$80 million across eight sectors, however, the GoS has so far only been able to commit US$3 million. To date, only sectoral policies and legislation have been created which acknowledge and address the impacts of climate change, these include inter alia the Environmental Management Act (2002), the National Disaster Risk Management Policy (2011), the National Health Policy, the Comprehensive Agricultural Sector Policy (2005), the Second National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (2016). Swaziland has, however, recently started to create institutional frameworks to build national climate-resilience. For example, the National Climate Change Policy (NCCP) 1 Swaziland Government A Development Strategy for Swaziland Promoting Sustainable Development and Inclusive Growth. 2 Swaziland Government Swaziland s Second National Communication to the UNFCCC World Bank Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population).

16 PAGE 15 OF 78 ver. 19 August 2016 was adopted in This policy identifies the emerging impacts of climate change on agriculture and food security, water resources, biodiversity and ecosystems, health, tourism, energy and infrastructure, while identifying a framework for addressing such impacts. Public participation, capacity building and the use of scientific information to inform decision-making are guiding principles of the policy. To ensure compatibility with emerging climate knowledge and to incorporate lessons learned from past initiatives, the NCCP will be reviewed periodically at least every fifteen years. The NCCP was informed by the National Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan (NCCSAP) for the period , which was developed by the GoS with technical and financial support from the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA). Over a five-year period, the NCCSAP intends to build institutional capacity for the development and implementation of adaptation and mitigation actions, while building awareness and understanding of climate change. Although several priority areas have been recognised, funding is currently directed at: i) agriculture and food security; ii) biodiversity and ecosystems; and ii) water resources. The NCCSAP s short time-frame implies that long-term adaptation needs will not be prioritised. The NCCSAP is aligned with Swaziland s 2022 Vision for sustainable development, which was translated into a moving target in 2014 during the review of the original 1997 National Development Strategy (NDS). Although the original 25-year strategy did not consider climate change impacts, the newly revised NDS does. Swaziland s 2022 Vision is as follows: By the year 2022 the Kingdom of Swaziland will have attained a level of development akin to that of developed countries while ensuring, that all citizens are able to sustainably pursue their life goals, enjoy lives of value and dignity in a safe, secure and climate resilient environment in line with the objectives of sustainable development. Despite the development of these guiding documents, Swaziland s capacity to implement and enforce the integration of climate change adaptation is challenged by multiple factors. The problem that the proposed project seeks to address is that the national response to climate change and variability is largely project-based and reactive and is consequently inadequate to ensure long-term sustainable development. b) Baseline situation Despite Swaziland s efforts in implementing climate change adaptation projects and creating an institutional framework (see Context section), the country s capacity to implement an integrated and cross-sectoral approach to climate change adaptation is limited for various reasons. These include: i) limited access to knowledge that can inform climate-resilient planning processes; ii) limited financial and technical capacities to implement policies, strategies and plans that integrate climate change adaptation; iii) absence of the required financial structures to coordinate and fund cross-sectoral planning; and iv) limited institutional structures and technical capacity to initiate a cross-sectoral, integrated and iterative NAP process. These barriers are discussed further below. Component 1: Technical and institutional capacity for NAP process in place In 2010, the MTEA facilitated the establishment of the multi-stakeholder National Climate Change Committee (NCCC) which was endorsed by the Cabinet of the GoS in Members of the NCCC include representatives from; i) Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation; ii) Ministry of Finance; iii) Ministry of Economic Planning and Development; iv) Ministry of Health; v) Ministry of Agriculture; vi) Ministry of Natural Resources and Energy; vii) Ministry of Housing and Urban Development; viii) Swaziland Environment Authority; ix) Swaziland National Trust Commission; x) Federation of Swaziland Employers and Chamber of Commerce; xi) Coordinating Assembly for Non- Governmental Institutions; xii) University of Swaziland; xiii) World Vision; xiv) Ministry of Tourism and Environmental Affairs; xv) Swaziland Bankers Association; xvi) Association of Municipal Councils; xvii) Swaziland Tourism Authority; and xviii) Swaziland Sugar Association. The primary role of the NCCC is to ensure effective coordination of climate change challenges across all economic sectors. However, various barriers prevent the NCCC from being able to function efficiently including: i) low participation rates; ii) limited institutional capacity to coordinate the NCCC on a regular basis; and iii) limited representation from the private sector. The MTEA have developed both a NCCSAP for the period , and a NCCP. The NCCSAP identifies five strategic focus areas for Swaziland, namely: i) integration of climate change adaptation and mitigation measures into various sectoral policies and national development planning; ii) promotion of activities that contribute to the achievement of sustainable development, poverty eradication and the enhancement of adaptive capacity; iii) provision of mechanisms for mobilising and accessing support for technology development, capacity building and financial resources; iv) building awareness of climate change amongst various stakeholders; and v) strengthening legal and institutional frameworks for the effective coordination and implementation of climate change adaptation. Building on

17 PAGE 16 OF 78 ver. 19 August 2016 the NCCSAP, the NCCP provides the enabling policy framework to guide Swaziland towards the development of a sustainable, climate resilient and inclusive low-carbon green economy. The NDS states that Swaziland needs to increase its technical and institutional response to climate change by: i) building capacity among various stakeholders to increase understanding of climate change; ii) strengthening the legal and institutional framework for effective coordination; and iii) mainstreaming climate change mitigation and adaptation into national development, and sectoral planning and budgeting. Several barriers prevent Swaziland from building its technical and institutional capacity to adequately address climate change. For example, climate change adaptation in the country remains the sole responsibility of the Department of Meteorology (MET) within the MTEA. The MET, however, executes this function with increasing challenges as climate change affects many sectors some of which are in different ministries and departments thus limiting the coordination and influence of the department. The MET have noted that there is a specific need to build technical capacity on: i) climate risk assessment and monitoring; ii) adaptation planning; and iii) cost-benefit analysis. With an increasing awareness of climate change issues, the NCCSAP recognises that adaptation and mitigation measures need to be coordinated in a cross-sectoral nature. However, many of the country s Thematic Working Groups (TWGs) which were established during the preparation of the country s Third National Communication only operate on a project basis. These TWGs include: i) agriculture and food security; ii) water resources; iii) biodiversity and ecosystems; iv) health; and v) energy. These barriers will be addressed under Component 1 by: i) creating coordinating and cross-sectoral mechanisms to spearhead the NAP process; ii) assessing national and sectoral policies, plans and strategies to facilitate the institutionalisation of climate change adaptation; and iii) engaging relevant stakeholders to build capacity. Baseline projects Swaziland s National Capacity Needs Self-Assessment (US$210,000; 2003) was undertaken by the GoS and UNDP, with funding assistance from the GEF. This project assessed existing capacities within the country for each of the three UNFCCC thematic areas, namely land biodiversity, climate change and land degradation. The aim of the project is to build Swaziland s capacity at an individual, institutional and systemic level to implement multilateral environmental conventions to which it is a signatory. The First, Second and Third National Communications have been prepared and submitted to the UNFCCC in 2002, 2012 and 2016, respectively, with assistance from UN Environment and the GEF. GCF Readiness Support for Swaziland (US$300,000: ) will ensure that the capacity of the NDA to engage with the GCF is strengthened. The support obtained from the GCF will build the necessary national capacity to undertake GCF-related activities and enable national institutional capacity to implement and handle GCF projects and programmes. In addition, it will develop a strategic engagement framework with the GCF to enable implementation of Swaziland s long-term climate change priorities. Coordination between these two projects will be made through engagement with the NDA, including their participation in the Project Steering Committee of the NAP project. Component 2: Climate information system for prioritising adaptation needs is strengthened Presently, the provision of consistent and reliable climate information to inform decision making is the responsibility of the MET within the MTEA. The MET is currently leading the implementation of various climate change projects while the three parastatals under the MTEA Swaziland Environment Authority (SEA), Swaziland National Trust Commission (SNTC), and Swaziland Tourism Authority (STA) look after compliance to environmental sustainability, biodiversity and eco-tourism, respectively. The NCCSAP acknowledges that climate change information is critical for informing the design of appropriate adaptation policies, plans, strategies and legislation. This is dependent on both the adequacy and quality of climate data and information. Although some studies have been undertaken in Swaziland to generate climate information, these studies have not: i) assessed the current efficacy of adaptation planning and interventions within the country; ii) identified which economic sectors are most vulnerable to climate change; and iii) assessed adaptation from a crosssectoral perspective (including potential trade-offs between sectors). The availability of climate data in Swaziland is also limited because of low investments in both equipment and trained personnel 7. The NCCSAP highlights the country s challenges in climate monitoring, prediction and knowledge dissemination, which include: i) a lack of historical data, thus limiting the use of climate data; ii) coarse spatial and temporal resolution of forecasts; iii) the sparse distribution of weather stations, especially in rural areas where climate information is needed most; iv) limited 7 National Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan (2015).

18 PAGE 17 OF 78 ver. 19 August 2016 resources for equipment and computers that will enable climate monitoring; v) limited staff capacity to collate and analyse available data; vi) inadequate public knowledge of climate hazards, climate variability and climate change; and vii) inadequate communication facilities. These barriers will be addressed under Component 2 by: i) generating climate information and knowledge to inform medium- and long-term adaptation planning; ii) creating a climate change knowledge and information system; and iii) prioritising climate change adaptation options using a cost-benefit analysis. Baseline projects Enabling Activities for the Implementation of the UNFCCC (US$303,850; 1997) was undertaken by the GoS and UNDP, with funding assistance from the GEF. This project enabled Swaziland to produce its first National Communication to the UNFCCC. The components of the project consisted of: i) an inventory of greenhouse gases; ii) an assessment of potential impacts of climate change in Swaziland; iii) an analysis of measures to abate the increase in greenhouse gas emissions and to adapt to climate change; iv) the preparation of a national action plan to address climate change and its adverse impacts; and v) the preparation of the First National Communication of Swaziland. Swaziland s Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC) was developed and submitted to the UNFCCC in The INDC highlights the key sectors that will form the basis of Swaziland s adaptation and mitigation contributions. Component 3: Funding strategy for the NAP process developed Although there has been some climate change-related research undertaken in Swaziland, the research findings have not been used to inform policy or the implementation of adaptation initiatives. Generally, these studies have been undertaken in isolation and their practical application is limited. Examples of two such studies are: i) a water vulnerability study, which has only been undertaken at the surface level (i.e. river flows) and does not investigate the linkages between water vulnerability and livelihoods; and ii) an agricultural study which does not account for the knock-on effects of climate change on the agricultural sector. In addition, the agricultural study does not investigate potential solutions to reduce food insecurity. The Government of Swaziland has established an Aid Coordination Management Section (ACMS) within the Ministry of Economic Planning and Development, whose function is to mobilise and access funding for development activities. The implementation of the funded programmes and projects is then carried out by the relevant ministries and departments. The country s Environmental Act has established the National Environment Fund (NEF). The main function of the NEF is to mobilise financial resources for the implementation of environmental programmes and projects within the country. In the past, the GoS has been able to access financial resources from the GEF and the Adaptation Fund through multilateral agencies such as the UNDP and UN Environment. However, there are currently no structures in place that enable the country to access climate change funding specifically. The GoS recognises in its NCCSAP that new financing mechanisms, policies or strategies are needed to mobilise climate finance from different sources. Swaziland s current financial services sector has experienced various challenges that hampers both domestic and foreign direct investment into climate change adaptation 8. These challenges include: i) an inadequate legislative and regulatory environment; ii) limited and inadequate financial sector development; iii) the high cost of financial services within the country; iv) limited competition in the domestic banking sector; and v) lack of knowledge on the financial sector by potential clients. Barriers to the attainment of a climate change funding strategy will be addressed under Component 3 by: i) conducting an economic assessment of the various adaptation options; ii) mobilising financial resources for climate change adaptation; and iii) developing financial models to inform future investments in climate change. Baseline projects The Africa Climate Change Fund (ACCF) disbursed funding to Cape Verde, Kenya and Swaziland to mobilise climate finance and achieve national sustainable development goals within these three countries. Through this project, Swaziland s MTEA would be capacitated to: i) assess and prioritise adaptation and mitigation actions; ii) develop concept notes and proposals for submission to climate finance sources; and iii) provide training to managers and coordinators in different institutions on project development and management. 8 National Development Strategy (2014).

19 Component 4: Monitoring and reviewing of the NAP process undertaken PAGE 18 OF 78 ver. 19 August 2016 The GoS recognises that, in to inform future planning for climate change adaptation, an efficient monitoring and evaluation (M&E) framework is critical. Effective M&E facilitates timely intervention and the adjustment of plans, where necessary. Lessons learned through M&E can be disseminated to relevant stakeholders across all levels. Typically, however, M&E and knowledge dissemination is conducted on a project-by-project basis, with a limited long-term monitoring and reviewing strategy for climate change adaptation policies, strategies and projects. For example, Swaziland s NDS did not implement an M&E framework and this resulted in a lack of understanding of the strategy s outputs and outcomes. There were no regular reviews of the strategy, and thus limited opportunity to disseminate and share the lessons learned from the implementation of this strategy. Conversely, the country s NCCSAP made use of a results-based framework as its M&E planning and implementation tool. A mid-term review of the NCCSAP was undertaken in 2016, and this review was then used to inform the implementation of the strategy for the remaining period. The Office of the Deputy Minister will prepare a national report on the state of the implementation of the NCCSAP every 2 years. The reasons for the limited implementation of a monitoring and reviewing system for projects, policies and strategies include: i) a lack of consistent monitoring and reviewing guidelines for technical staff of government institutions; ii) limited awareness of M&E implementation amongst decision-makers; and iii) limited technical skills to design an effective monitoring and reviewing system. These barriers will be addressed under Component 4 by: i) establishing a monitoring and reviewing system for the NAP process; ii) providing technical training on monitoring and reviewing for national and local government representatives and stakeholders; and iii) development of communication material to disseminate the lessons learned from the NAP process. Baseline projects The Monitoring and Evaluation Association of Swaziland (MEAS) is a non-profit organisation that was established in 2016, with funding from the EU. The MEAS seeks to improve cooperation, participation and collaboration of civil society in development processes in Swaziland. c) Objectives, outcomes and impacts Objective: The proposed project will strengthen the capacity of Swaziland s government, at the national level, to advance the NAP process. This will be done in line with decision 5/CP.17 and UNFCCC NAP Technical Guidelines developed by the LDC Expert Group. All four elements of the NAP process will be considered during the development and implementation of NAP prioritised adaptation options. These include: i) laying the groundwork; ii) preparatory elements; iii) implementation strategies; and iv) reporting, monitoring and review. Outcomes: This project will integrate climate change adaptation into new and existing national policies, strategies, plans and programmes of the main climate-sensitive and economic development sectors. Climate change adaptation will also be institutionalised as a 'development strategy' for Swaziland. The four expected outcomes of this project are as follows: 1. National mandate, strategy and steering mechanisms in place; 2. Climate change information and knowledge available for appraisal of adaptation options; 3. Resources mobilised to inform and facilitate medium- and long-term adaptation options; and 4. Planning units of relevant ministries monitor, review and communicate results of the NAP process. Impacts: Integrating climate change adaptation into national, regional and local level planning processes in different economic, environmental and social development sectors is expected to have several impacts, including: 1. Enhanced climate-resilient development resulting from the promotion of climate change adaptation at systemic, institutional and individual levels; 2. Increased support for the integration of climate change adaptation into national and sectoral development plans from improved awareness and understanding of climate change among relevant stakeholders; 3. Continued access to financial resources resulting from the establishment of an adaptation finance strategy for priority adaptation actions; and 4. Improved medium- to long-term climate change adaptation actions resulting from the dissemination of lessons learned through monitoring, reviewing and reporting on the NAP process. The project is consequently aligned with a wide range of Swaziland s policies, strategies and programmes to avoid duplication and foster sustainability of the progress already made. The project will build on the experiences and lessons learned from, and will be fully aligned with, the NERMA, NCCSAP, TNC, INDC, NCCP and the GCF Readiness project.

20 PAGE 19 OF 78 ver. 19 August 2016 d) Stakeholders consultation The MTEA is mandated to sustainably manage the environment and address climate change adaptation and mitigation challenges in Swaziland. As the lead coordinating institution for the national response to climate change, the MTEA has been assigned the role of NDA to the GCF. This will allow the MTEA to directly and efficiently engage with the GCF to advance the NAP process. In November 2016, the MTEA requested UN Environment to function as the accredited Delivery Partner to support the implementation of the NAP process. The development of this project involved extensive stakeholder consultations, including dialogues, workshops and meetings between stakeholders at both the national and sub-national level. Where possible, the NAP process has drawn upon the experiences and lessons learned from the development and implementation of the NCCSAP, NCCP, INDC and the National Communications. This has been facilitated under the NCCC Thematic Working Groups where each thematic and cross-cutting working group ensures participation of civil society organizations, local governments, academic and research organisations, and the private sector. In the implementation of the NAP, representation of minorities, marginalised and disadvantaged groups will be ensured during consultation at different geographical areas at national and sub-national levels. Swaziland's NAP process underscores the importance of 'leaving no one behind'. Multi-stakeholders will be engaged in working, reference or expert groups, as appropriate. During the NAP process, efforts will be made to communicate to the different constituencies and parliamentary committees on environment and thematic areas affected by climate change. Interest groups and vulnerable communities will be given ample opportunity to raise their needs, ideas and concerns that will help make Swaziland s NAP inclusive. This NAP project will promote the culture of multi-stakeholder engagement. The NAP process will build on the lessons learned from prior stakeholder engagement processes in Swaziland. For example, one of the lessons learned from the development of the Third National Communication was that capacitybuilding activities undertaken at the outset greatly improved the value of inputs from participants. Building trust between stakeholders has proven effective in stakeholder engagement processes in Swaziland and will be maintained throughout the implementation process to ensure effective stakeholder participation. In the case of NGOs, the Coordinating Assembly of NGOs (CANGO) has been extremely effective in engaging a wide array of stakeholders. CANGO is organised in different thematic forums, which serve as platforms through which they are able to have a dialogue with civil society. Similarly, private sector representatives interact with their constituents via the Federation of Swaziland Employers and Chamber of Commerce (FSE&CC), which is the coordinating body for business in Swaziland. Experienced steering committees have proven to be critical for effective stakeholder engagement in Swaziland. For example, in prior projects that successfully engaged with stakeholders, individuals of the NCCC formed part of the respective project steering committees. The abovementioned best practices and lessons learned will be taken into account when engaging with stakeholders throughout the NAP process. For example, the capacity of stakeholders will be strengthened at the outset of the NAP process to ensure cross-cutting and meaningful contributions. A steering committee made up of experienced steering committee members will be established. For example, individuals from the NCCC will be requested to serve on the project steering committee of this NAP readiness project, thereby strengthening existing stakeholder relationships and building on coordination structures that have proved effective in the past. Stakeholder engagement for the NAP process will involve an array of regional, local and consultative meetings. Examples of such activities will include inter alia: i) technical expert working sessions; ii) regional stakeholder meetings during which oral submissions can be made by a variety of stakeholders; iii) national stakeholder workshops; iv) training workshops; and v) consultative sessions with government departments, CSOs and private sector actors. Consultative stakeholder workshops will be held at the national-, regional- and local-levels, to ensure the continued engagement of a wide range of stakeholders. At these workshops the stakeholders will be invited to participate in the NAP process and will be informed of the best practises and lessons learned pertaining to their thematic sectors. Awareness-raising activities will be undertaken at the local-level to ensure that there is a common understanding of climate change issues particularly adaptation and the NAP process among rural and urban communities. This will develop public confidence in the formulation and implementation of the NAP. Synergies with relevant institutions on climate change issues will, wherever possible, be promoted. This will ensure the effective implementation of activities

21 PAGE 20 OF 78 ver. 19 August 2016 and the strengthening of the national and local institutional structures. Stakeholders involved in the awareness-raising activities will include representatives from different constituencies (including women, youth and business) and will build on prior consultation processes of inter alia the National Communications. Existing structures at the local level such as those used for the development of Rural Development Plans (RDPs) will be used for the consultation process. The use of such structures will ensure the mainstreaming of adaptation into the RDPs. The NAP process will ensure that all activities are not only gender-balanced but also gender-responsive to the differentiated needs and capacities of women and men within the national context. Training will take place to ensure that both men and women will engage meaningfully in national adaptation planning and decision-making. Extensive stakeholder engagements will be promoted throughout the NAP process. For example, national workshops will be conducted in a central location to ensure accessibility for a wide range of stakeholders, regional workshops will be undertaken in each of the four regions and local consultations will be undertaken in each of the 55 tinkhundla of the country. At present, administrative functions relating to stakeholder engagements are mostly centralised. Responsibilities will be decentralised to ensure the increased involvement of stakeholders. For example, after identifying the roles and responsibilities of the parties, through stakeholder mapping, agreements will be signed with the relevant ministries/departments regarding the research programme and its long-term management. Ensuring the involvement of relevant stakeholders during project preparation, planning and implementation will enhance country ownership and ensure sustained engagement in the process. e) Gender Until recently, gender considerations have not been integral to the development planning process in Swaziland. For example, ensuring an equal representation of men and women in stakeholder consultations has not previously been a priority. The newly adopted NCCP, however, is intending to engage women, youth and other vulnerable groups in climate change decision-making and planning. Because this policy was only adopted in 2016, work is still ongoing to include such groups in decision-making processes. It is apparent that government ministries and departments are largely dominated by men. For example, only 27% of all government departments are led by women 9. This limited representation of women in high-level government positions is, therefore, reducing their role in high-level decisionmaking processes. The NAP process will seek to address these gender inequalities by ensuring that there is a gender balance in the Implementing Unit staff composition and a representation of women s needs and interests throughout the stakeholder engagement process. This will include actively promoting the engagement of national women s groups during the stakeholder consultations. Organisations, such as Women and Law, will represent women groups in the National Climate Change Committee to ensure that they are actively engaged throughout the process (Activity 1.1.1). Under Activity 1.1.2, one of the MDTs to be established will include a cross-cutting gender and social inclusion group to be led by the Gender Coordination Unit under the deputy Prime Ministers office. This will ensure that cross-cutting gender issues are appropriately integrated into the development of the NAP from the outset of the process. Awareness-raising and capacity building will focus on women s groups and associated umbrella organisations to ensure that they understand climate change adaptation and can engage meaningfully in the NAP process. This will ensure that they are able to engage meaningfully in stakeholder consultations (Activity 1.3.2). Capacity building initiatives will serve as a decision support tool for women to choose appropriate entry points that will enhance efficiency and effectiveness of the NAP. The stocktaking exercise under Activity and reports to be developed under Activity will include genderrelated issues and vulnerability to climate change. A gender-based analysis will highlight the differentiated gender implications of climate change, including the differing needs, experiences and capacities of both genders. This will provide an understanding of the links between climate change and: i) gender gaps in labour; and ii) gender implications in inter alia the agricultural, water, biodiversity and ecosystems, health and tourism sectors. Finally, a gender officer/coordinator will be hired (as part of the PMC) to ensure that gender issues are adequately addressed throughout project implementation. The strategy to mainstream gender into the NAP process will follow the GCF recommendations outlined in Mainstreaming Gender in Green Climate Fund Projects (2017, P16). As detailed above, the following genderresponsive approaches will be adopted: i) it will be ensured that representatives of women s groups are involved in 9 Kingdom of Swaziland, His Majesty s Government Programme of Action Ministries Action Plans to 2018 and 2020.

22 PAGE 21 OF 78 ver. 19 August 2016 stakeholder consultations at all levels; and ii) awareness-raising activities (e.g. Activity 1.3.2) will place a special focus on reaching out to a female audience. f) Theory of Change The Theory of Change is set out below and the rationale behind it is as follows: Component 1 focuses on the national mandate, ensuring that the requisite steering mechanisms are in place and that the relevant stakeholders are engaged and capacitated for the NAP process. It builds on existing process, structures and mechanisms, where possible. For example, Activity strengthens the existing National Climate Change Committee. Dedicated support for awareness raising among all levels of government, lawmakers and private sector will facilitate the development and implementation of the NAP. The establishment of MDTs will build ownership over the NAP process and the implementation of NAP priorities. This will be underpinned by analysing existing information needed for the effective implementation of the NAP process, particularly: i) climate change projections; ii) policy analysis gaps and successes; iii) institutional barriers and opportunities; and iv) economic appraisal. Improved quality of, and access to, information on risks and opportunities will be integral to generating interest and political support. Consequently, improving the evidence basis of planning (scientific, economic, policy and regulatory needs) will help to build political support for the NAP. The above activities will promote political and community buy-in and will be part of the formal launch proceedings of the NAP. Component 2 complements Component 1 by ensuring the policy- and decision-makers capacitated under Component 1 have access to adequate information to inform planning. Component 2 focuses on climate change knowledge and information management which is integral to developing the overarching adaptation strategy. This component relies upon the information gathered under Component 1 to determine which adaptation options to appraise on the basis of the climate change risk considered (at different timescales) and the assets and people at risk. National- and local-level government will, therefore, be supported in developing evidence-based climate change vulnerability assessments and integrating climate change adaptation into planning and budgeting processes. Planning structures exist in Swaziland, but the information available for planning is poor. Activities will, therefore, include downscaling the climate change risk and vulnerability scenarios, which will inform the mapping of climate change risks. A climate information management system and central database will improve the access to climate risk and vulnerability information by planners and the private sector which will enable evidence to be brought into policy- and decision-making. Qualitative and quantitative assessments of the adaptation options in combination with the detailed economic analysis of adaptation options under Component 3 will inform the national criteria for prioritisation of such options and the basis for addressing climate change in Swaziland. Furthermore, this will support the mainstreaming of the NAP into sectoral and local development planning and budgeting. Under Component 3, the information on the financial and economic costs and benefits related to the adaptation options will be brought together into an adaptation funding strategy. This will include innovative sources of financing and measures to integrate climate change adaptation into national budgets. Round table discussions will be held with a variety of donors, including public, private, bilateral and multi-lateral sources of climate finance to address the adaptation needs prioritised under Component 2. By creating opportunities for long-term research and study programmes, the NAP process will provide science-based evidence for policy- and decision-makers, as well as investors. This is particularly relevant in developing business plans and financial models for private sector investment. Component 4 of the project will focus on the monitoring, reviewing and communicating results of the NAP process. The preceding analysis will be consolidated under Component 4 into one NAP based on the sectoral and sub-national adaptation priorities. This will include sectoral targets and indicators (SMART), roles and responsibilities, and a process review timeline. Once finalised, various forms of media will be used to disseminate information on the implementation of the NAP. The process will culminate in the endorsement of the NAP by Parliament and the submission thereof to the UNFCCC. Implementation of the NAP will be monitored through a monitoring and reporting process. Guidelines and tools will be developed which will facilitate data collection, analysis and dissemination and inform the periodic review of the NAP.

23 PAGE 22 OF 78 ver. 19 August 2016 Figure 1: Theory of Change Diagram SECTION 4: PROJECT/PROGRAMME DESCRIPTION The following activities have been planned to meet the above objectives and outcomes. Sub-Component/Outcome 1. National mandate, strategy and steering mechanisms are in place Output 1.1 Coordination mechanism to spearhead the NAP process is created Strengthen the capacity of the existing National Climate Change Committee to spearhead the NAP process in Swaziland by: i) undertaking stakeholder mapping to identify and clearly define its mandate, roles and responsibilities; and ii) enhancing representation of relevant ministries and departments, local communities, academia, gender and vulnerable groups, and the private sector. The stakeholder mapping will identify the roles and responsibilities of stakeholders and ensure that there is representation from various government departments, ministries, academia, NGOs, CSOs etc. throughout the NAP development and implementation process. For example, organisations such as the NGO Women and Law who represent women s interests and needs will be included in the National Climate Change Committee Establish Multi-disciplinary Teams (MDTs) to provide linkages between the ministries involved in climate change. These MDTs should build on the experiences of thematic and cross-cutting working groups in developing the Third National Communication and the National Climate Change Policy. The cross-cutting working groups will include a gender and social inclusion group to be led by the Gender Coordination Unit under the Deputy Prime Minister s office. Some of the stakeholders identified in the stakeholder mapping of Activity 1.1.1, will be incorporated into the MDTs Develop policy briefs and conduct briefings to inform policy- and decision-makers on the challenges and opportunities associated with climate change adaptation and the NAP process. This will be done based on the reports developed under Activity Develop a roadmap, including a communication plan to be used in the NAP formulation process Formally launch the NAP readiness programme. This will include high level meetings with policy-makers, parliamentarians, youth organizations and local communities. Output 1.2 National and sectoral policies, plans and strategies identified and assessed to facilitate integration of climate change adaptation and periodic reviews Conduct a stocktaking exercise to identify information available and any information gaps at national and sectoral level, including inter alia: i) climate change impacts, vulnerability and resilience; ii) potential barriers