SOS THINKING JO ANN LANE

Transcription

1 SOS THINKING JO ANN LANE

2 OVERVIEW Thinking tradespace Systems thinking vs. SoS thinking Tools and techniques to facilitate SoS thinking

3 THINKING TRADESPACE FOR SYSTEMS AND SOS THINKING Needs-based Conceptualization of alternatives Application of Laws of physics and other science disciplines Engineering principles Analysis Synthesis Information assessment Iteration Identification of opportunities with mutual benefits Win-win negotiations

4 SYSTEMS THINKING* Purpose: Systems thinking is a set of synergistic analytic skills used to improve the capability of identifying and understanding systems, predicting their behavior, and devising modifications to them in order to produce desired effects. These skills work together as a system. Top-level model elements Understanding system structure Understanding dynamic behavior Reducing complexity by modeling system conceptually Understanding systems at different scales *Ross Arnold and Jon Wade (2015); A Definition of Systems Thinking: A Systems Approach, Proceedings of the Conference on Systems Engineering Research, March 17-29, Hoboken, NJ

5 SYSTEM OF SYSTEMS THINKING GUIDANCE: DOD SOSE KEY ACTIVITIES* * Department of Defense Systems engineering guide for system of systems, version 1.0

6 SOS THINKING SoS Situational Awareness SoS Evolution Understanding systems and their relationships Capability: Identifying solution options for stated needs/objectives Informs/Updates Anticipating and assessing impacts of changes Understanding performance with respect to capability objectives Understanding SoS architecture Informs Updates Performance: Identifying options for evolving architecture Identifying and negotiating strategies to implement desired SoS upgrades Informs/Updates Purpose of SoS Thinking (evolved from Arnold/Wade purpose for systems thinking): Set of synergistic analytic skills used to improve the ability to identify and understand a set of related systems that function as an SoS, predicting their behaviors, and devising modifications to or replacements for them in order to produce desired effects. These skills work together as a system of systems, providing technical, administrative, and strategic insights to CSs, SoS s, and multi-sos capabilities and the ability to evolve these capabilities.

7 EXAMPLE QUESTIONS TO GUIDE SOS THINKING: THE WHAT, WHO, WHY, HOW, WHEN, HOW MUCH SoS situational awareness What are the constituents and their relationships What is current SoS/capability performance Who are the owners/stakeholders of the constituents and what are their priorities How is funding managed Why are new/enhanced capabilities needed How are constituents evolving, how long are they going to be maintained When is an older system scheduled for replacement/retirement What constituent system changes are occurring in the near term? Longer term? What are the impacts of these changes SoS evolution What are the new needs and their priorities? What are the technical/operational options to meet new needs/enhance performance What is the status of current constituent system upgrades What new standards are on the horizon? What are the opportunities to evolve the SoS through constituent system changes How compatible are all of the constituent system planned upgrades with SoS capabilities and planned upgrades What is the associated cost/schedule with each option

8 TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES TO SUPPORT SOS THINKING* SysML models Responsibility/dependability modeling Net-centricity/interoperability matrices Technical debt assessments Performance assessments/modeling Trades with respect to data fusion needs/formats Cost modeling *J. Lane (2014); Systems of Systems Capability to Requirements Engineering, Proceedings of the IEEE 9 th Annual System of Systems Engineering Conference, Adelaide, Australia

9 TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES TO SUPPORT SOS THINKING* Risk Target Hazard Condition Consequence Severity SysML models Responsibility/ dependability modeling Net-centricity/interoperability matrices Technical debt assessments Performance assessments/modeling Trades with respect to data fusion needs/formats Cost modeling 4 Reverse 911 system 5 Low-risk inmates Responsibility 6 Canadian Fight fire water tanker Evacuate homes and businesses Evacuate assisted living homes Insufficient Various may be unskilled, may escape custody Fire trucks Not all residents notified to evacuate Fire-fighting capability is less than that of experts Sheriff cars Late or never Local Reduced Local due to other Regionalfire-fighting commitments Military capability Local volunteer Residents at risk for being trapped/affected by crisis e.g., fire, hazardous material Additional resources Resources required to train and monitor Water inmates tankers UAV Low to high, depending on type of crisis requiring evacuation Low severity with respect to crisis, but medium severity with respect Reverse to costs related to 911 training and monitoring system More Canadian extensive Military Medium to high, fire company damage, depending on other longer to put fires available resources out Local CCC personnel Local Local Local CCC personnel Prevent looters Local Military *J. Lane (2014); Systems of Systems Capability to Requirements Engineering, Proceedings of the IEEE 9 th Annual System of Systems Engineering Conference, Adelaide, Australia

10 TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES TO SUPPORT SOS THINKING* SysML models Responsibility/ dependability modeling Net-centricity/ interoperability matrices Technical debt assessments Performance assessments/modeling Trades with respect to data fusion needs/formats Cost modeling Fire-fighting constituents Local Regional Military Local Regional Military Canadian Volunteer Functional Isolated Canadian Connected Connected Isolated Volunteer Low-risk inmates Connected via handheld devices Connected via handheld devices Isolated Isolated Isolated Isolated Isolated Isolated Connected via handheld devices Isolated à Connected à Functional *J. Lane (2014); Systems of Systems Capability to Requirements Engineering, Proceedings of the IEEE 9 th Annual System of Systems Engineering Conference, Adelaide, Australia

11 TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES TO SUPPORT SOS THINKING SysML models Responsibility/ dependability modeling Net-centricity/ interoperability matrices Technical debt assessments** Performance assessments/modeling Trades with respect to data fusion needs/formats Cost modeling ** Gartner Group ( Gartner_httpwwwcastsoftwarecomresourcesmaterialsanalystGartnerHowtoMonetizeApplicationTechnicalDebtpdfThursday_16_June_2011)

12 TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES TO SUPPORT SOS THINKING SysML models Responsibility/ dependability modeling Net-centricity/ interoperability matrices Technical debt assessments Performance assessments/modeling Trades with respect to data fusion needs/formats Cost modeling SoS performance assessment approaches Constituent system test results SoS modeling and simulation (often using constituent system test results and simulations) SoS operational exercises and evaluation SoS operational test and evaluation User/stakeholder assessments vs. needs Often SoS capability-focused Incrementally done as constituent systems asynchronously evolve

13 TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES TO SUPPORT SOS THINKING* SysML models Responsibility/ dependability modeling Net-centricity/ interoperability matrices Technical debt assessments Performance assessments/modeling Trades with respect to data fusion needs/formats Cost modeling Common levels of data fusion ** 0 Data alignment 1 Entity assessment (e.g. Tracking and object detection, recognition, identification) 2 Situation assessment 3 Impact assessment 4 Process refinement (i.e. sensor management) 5 User refinement *J. Lane (2014); Systems of Systems Capability to Requirements Engineering, Proceedings of the IEEE 9 th Annual System of Systems Engineering Conference, Adelaide, Australia **

14 TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES TO SUPPORT SOS THINKING* SysML models Responsibility/ dependability modeling Net-centricity/ interoperability matrices System Capability SoSE effort Technical debt assessments Performance assessments/modeling Trades with respect to data fusion needs/formats Cost modeling Equivalent set of sea-level requirements CS 1 SoSE contribution effort CS n SoSE contribution effort SoSE Effort *J. Lane (2014); Systems of Systems Capability to Requirements Engineering, Proceedings of the IEEE 9 th Annual System of Systems Engineering Conference, Adelaide, Australia

15 CONCLUSIONS Not much has been explicitly published about SoS thinking However, there are a lot of models, tools, and techniques to support SoS thinking DoD SoSE model Capability engineering tools SoSE cost model Now all we need to do is plan for and engage in SoS thinking