Country Visit to Sweden (IVL), September 1996

Transcription

1 Country Visit to Sweden (IVL), September 1996 by Roel van Aalst and Steinar Larssen Place and time : The Swedish Environmental Research Institute (IVL), September Introduction On invitation of IVL, the Swedish Environmental Research Institute, Steinar Larssen and Roel van Aalst (ETC-AQ) visited Sweden on September Goals of the visit were to: exchange views on current ETC-AQ work further develop Sweden s contribution to the air quality work of EEA discuss the Swedish contribution to the EUROAIRNET monitoring network. 2. The urban seminar The visit started with participation in the Urban Seminar of the Swedish Urban Air Quality Network participants. In this network, municipalities throughout the country have operated up to 50 monitoring stations in the course of 10 years, measuring SO 2, NO 2, soot, and VOC species. An extensive report on the network and its results was made available at the seminar. Roel van Aalst presented at the seminar in short the work of EEA and its two air topic centres, and reviewed recent and current work on urban air quality at the European level. Steinar Larssen presented the plans and specifications of the European air quality network EURO-AIRNET. Information and documentation on EURO- AIRNET, on the information system AIRBASE and the software AIRBADM for network and station information was made available to the participants. 3. Discussion with IVL staff Informal contacts during the evening indicated that information on EEA and the ETC- AQ in Sweden could be improved, and that IVL has a strong interest in contributing to the work of the ETC-AQ. The morning of the next day was devoted to discussions with IVL-staff (see agenda attached). In a very constructive atmosphere, the current and future work of the ETC was discussed, and met with clear support from the Swedish colleagues. IVL pointed to areas of work where Sweden could contribute, such as urban networks, diffusion tube measurements, assessments of persistent organic pollutants (POP), and episode phenomenology for ozone and for particulates. IVL is interested in research in support

2 of EEA air pollution key issues. Van Aalst suggested that Sweden could consider to offer such support to EEA, which would be most welcome to the ETC-AQ. 3.1 Information systems IVL has been appointed by the Swedish EPA to host the Swedish air quality data, and is interested to extend this to hosting the emission data, now managed by the Statistical Bureau. The discussion was based on IVL also being selected to administer the EEA data collection, quality evaluation and transfer to AIRBASE. However, they have not yet formally been given that task from the Swedish NFP. IVL had not received the request from the Commission to report on a voluntary basis 1995 air quality data in the framework of the EoI Decision, but was most willing to provide such data. For practical reasons, it was agreed to include here also the EMEP data, particularly for O 3 and NO 2. Action: The ETC-AQ will provide immediately all necessary information and support. The IVL staff showed IVL s www pages ( including information on near-real-time ozone levels. Conclusion: The formalities regarding IVL s status as data administrator relative to ETC-AQ must be clarified. 3.2 Monitoring networks and data The Urban network consists of about 15 core cities that have been measuring all the 10 years the network has been in operation. Each year there are more cities participating, not necessarily the same cities each year. The program is briefly described as follows: - One site per city. This is an urban background site, centrally located. - SO 2, NO 2, Black smoke, O 3, VOC (VOC and O 3 not on all sites). 8 VOC species hour averages for most of the SO 2, BS and NO 2 sites. Passive samplers are used for some compounds and sites, with weekly or longer sampling times. - Extra-urban background site for each city, for NO 2. - Measurements are carried out only during 6 winter months (October-March). City networks: Stockholm, Malmö, Göteborg and 7 more cities have locally operated networks, some with one site, some with more sites. Some of these largest cities in Sweden are not included in the " Urban network", and it is thus necessary to include data from these cities in the data transfer to AIRBASE. Most of the sites have monitors for NO x, O 3, some for SO 2, and also PM 10. Based upon an overview of the actual sites and measurement program for these cities, it can be decided which of these data should be included in the AIRBASE.

3 Rural/regional networks: Sweden has 6 EMEP sites reporting data already to EMEP. There are a few more regional sites, but mainly for precipitation chemistry. The EMEP data, which also include BS, should be transferred also to the AIRBASE. Campaigns: There are more data than these from Swedish cities and rural areas, derived from campaign and mobile type measurements. For instance, some of the cities run measurements, as part of their program, with a mobile van measuring intermittently (maybe 3-4 weeks at each site) at a number of preselected sites. Only after an overview of such data available it can be decided if some of these should be added to AIRBASE. Many cities in Sweden (for instance Stockholm, Göteborg, Malmö, and Norrköping) have established, or are establishing, spatially distributed urban emission inventories (resolution 500x500 m) for SO 2, NO x and/or VOC species. The methodology, emission factors, etc. should be described. Action: IVL will provide more information. Meteorological parameters are monitored in Sweden by SMHI. There are no measurements made directly in connection with the air networks. Data availability/data quality: According to IVL, all air quality data can in principle be collected in IVL s database. IVL can also carry out data quality control procedures for all the Swedish data. According to IVL, there should be no problem in principle to transfer the data to AIRBASE within 6 months after the year. Conclusion: The Swedish AQ data should be included in EURO-AIRNET. The extent and details of sites, compounds etc. can be decided when a good overview of the programs is available. Action: IVL proposed to make the necessary program overview on which to base such decisions. 3.3 Modelling IVL does not have a strong position in modelling and collaborates in this field with the Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (SMHI). There exists an air pollution model for Sweden, results of which are accessible at IVL. Urban dispersion calculations have been carried out by SMHI. IVL developed the Lagrangian extended chemistry photochemical model for ozone and other photochemical pollutants. On request to indicate work areas most important for the ETC-AQ, IVL mentioned three areas of particular interest: European urban air quality, emissions and concentrations; long-range transport and local contributions, urban ozone and particulates as related to health; particularly the structure of episodes for ozone and particulates, POP in cities, as related to health; what are simple and appropriate indicators? 4. IVL presentations In the afternoon, IVL staff gave presentations on current IVL work relevant to EEA.

4 Åke Sjödin presented FEAT remote sensing measurements of real world tailpipe emissions, tunnel measurements, highway air quality measurements, and emission trends as reflected in air quality trends. The findings on emissions have not yet been compared to current CORINAIR-COPERT estimates. Eva Broström described programmes on POP measurements of concentrations and fluxes in air, other compartments and ecosystems, and sampling and analysis. A program is starting on POP in urban air, particularly PAH. IVL participates in two major DGXII research projects on the Baltic Sea, with an extensive database. POP problems should be considered as multi-compartimental from the very beginning. Anne Lindskog referred to the urban network and its VOC measurements. An important source for benzene and other aromatic hydrocarbons in Sweden is wood burning; this could apply also to other areas in Europe. Sweden shares the interest of the UK in 1, 3-butadiene; there is concern about the introduction of reformulated gasoline for two-stroke engines. Johanna Altenstedt showed recent results from the IVL photochemical model on POCP values for individual hydrocarbons depending on NO x /VOC total emission; current work is concentrating on long-range aspects (integration over 96 hours), but possibilities may exist to address more local abatement strategies as well.

5 ETC-AQ at IVL Wednesday, 18 September, 1996 Visitors from EEA Topic Centre on Air Quality: Roel van Aalst, RIVM Steinar Larssen, NILU Discussions between ETC-AQ and IVL Peringe Grennfelt Åke Iverfeldt Gun Lövblad Karin Sjöberg Magnus Ugander 13 Coffee Lunch at IVL Presentations from IVL (depending on interest?) Urban air FEAT-measurements Åke S jödin POP's Eva Brorström-Lundén VOC Anne Lindskog O 3 -modelling Johanna Altenstedt Coffee and "sum-up".