Years of Well-Being Through Work

Transcription

1 70 Years of Well-Being Through Work Jukka Vuori ENETOSH Bilbao 1

2 Evaluation of concepts for work-life transitions Jukka Vuori ENETOSH 2015 Bilbao 15 th of Oct Jukka Vuori ENETOSH Bilbao 2

3 Presentation contents Introduction Work life transitions as challenges for mental health and work ability Age differentiated work-life creating transitions Enhancing health, work ability and career management Preparedness for career transitions Intervention theory: proximal and long-term effects Results during various transition phases Conclusions Jukka Vuori ENETOSH Bilbao 3

4 Mental health, work ability and career - challenges during work life transitions Work career Primary education Vocational studies Early/mid career Seniority Retirement Employee Depression Disability Burnout Working or retiring Lack of work life skills Re-employment Lack of vocational interests Socialization to organization Notice Unemployment Age-discrimination Career choice Low adult support Low support at work Low quality jobs Unstable employment Career environment Jukka Vuori ENETOSH Bilbao 4

5 Life course ang age-integrated work life (Riley & Riley, 1994; Salokangas, Vuori & Huuhtanen, 2005). Age Age-differentiated Age-integrated Old Middle aged Leisure Work E d u c a t I o n W o r k L ei s u r e Young Education Jukka Vuori ENETOSH Bilbao 5

6 Enhancing mental health and career management during work life transitions Work organizations Basic education Towards Working Life -career choice -educational career Country-wide dissemination since new versions Vocational education School to Work -quality employment -work socialization Country-wide and international dissemination since new versions Family leave From Family Leave to Work -work and family balance -return to work Just published, pilot testing Unemployment Työhön - Finnish JOBS -role of job-seeker -reemployment Country-wide dissemination since 1997 International dissemination from MPRC Towards Successful Seniority -coping in changing organizations -enhancing work ability Country-wide and international dissemination Since new versions Working or Retiring -coping with agediscrimination -working beyond retirement age Under development and pilot testing Jukka Vuori ENETOSH Bilbao

7 Training for better preparedness for career transitions in a peer group (Vuori & Vinokur, 2005); based on MPRC group training principles (Price & Vinokur, 1995; Vuori et al., 2005). Defining solutions and tasks for carrying out goals 2 Identifying work life goals 1 3 Practising needed skills and actions Identifying barriers and setbacks 4 5 Defining solutions for barriers and setbacks 6 Practising overcoming barriers and setbacks Jukka Vuori ENETOSH Bilbao 7

8 Proximal effects as mediators of the long-term effects of the interventions Proximal effects Long-term effects Resource-based career management intervention Increase in preparedness for career transitions. New goals and motivation related to own work career. Better career decisions during critical transitions Better career situation Better mental health Better work ability Longer careers Jukka Vuori ENETOSH Bilbao

9 Examples: School to Work group method (2002, 2014) Main aim: Enhance employment preparedness Quality employment after studies Socialization to work life Effects on employment and mental health: Koivisto, P., Vuori, J., & Nykyri, E. (2007). Effects of the School-to-Work Group Method among young people. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 70, Mediating model: Koivisto, P., Vuori, J., & Vinokur, A. D. (2010). Transition to work: Effects of preparedness and goal construction on employment and depressive symptoms. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 20, Website: Jukka Vuori ENETOSH Bilbao

10 Effects of the School to Work intervention; RCT-study; n=416 Employment Quality of Psychol. Depression b Work life Economic 20h/week a emp. a distress b goals a goals a Intervention 1.65* 2.08* * 2.48** Control of outcome variable(t1) c.33** d.43** 2.05 e 1.92 f Age (T1) Gender Employment self-efficacy (T1) ** -.25** Employment status (T1) 3.18** Prior education (T1) R 2 explained by intervention Interactions g : Interv.*psychol. distress * -.25* Notes a Figures are standardised odds ratios (logistic regression, OR), b Figures are non-standardised parameter estimates (linear regression). Koivisto, P., Vuori, J., & Nykyri, E. (2007). Effects of the School-to-Work Group Method among young people. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 70, Jukka Vuori ENETOSH Bilbao 10

11 School to Work; mediation of effects Koivisto, Vuori & Vinokur (2010). Transition to Work: Effects of Preparedness and Goal Construction on Employment and Depressive Symptoms. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 20, Jukka Vuori ENETOSH Bilbao 11

12 Effects of the Työhön, the Finnish JOBS -training on reemployment and mental health (RCT; N = 1261) T1=baseline, T3=1/2 year follow-up, T4=2 year follow-up Reemployment and labour market activity 80 70,4 56, ,1 54,1 vertailu 53,5 control työllistyminen employment 49,5 koe intervention työllistyminenemployment vertailu control työmarkkina-aktiivisuus activity koe intervention työmarkkina-aktiivisuus activity 31,9 20 Symptoms of depression T1 T2 T ,9 7,5 6,4 6,3 5,8 5,5 T1 T3 T4 vertailu control koe intervention Vuori, J., Silvonen, J., Vinokur, A., & Price, R. (2002). The Työhön Job Search Program in Finland: Benefits for the unemployed with risk of depression or discouragement? Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 7, Vuori, J., & Silvonen, J. (2005). The benefits of a preventive job search program on re-employment and mental health at two years follow-up. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 78, Jukka Vuori ENETOSH Bilbao

13 Employment effects in labour statistics 4 years after the experiment; JOBS type job search training compared to controls (RCT), participants at risk of depression Reemployment rate Dropping out of work force 80% 60% 40% % 0% -20% 20% 15% 10% 5% -5% -10% -15% -20% Months Months Hämäläinen, K., Nykyri, E., Uusitalo, R., & Vuori, J. (2007). Are effect evaluations correct: the case of job search training. Labour political study No Helsinki: Ministry of Labour, 87p. (In Finnish with an English summary) Jukka Vuori ENETOSH Bilbao 13

14 Job-search preparedness as a mediator of the intervention effects Baseline (T1) Intervention and immediate effect (T2) 6-month follow-up (T3) 2-year follow-up (T4) Finnish JOBS group Controls = 0 Exp. group = Reemployment Reemployment Job-search preparednes.76 Job-search preparedness Financial strain.72 Financial strain.62 Financial strain Depressive symptoms.50 Depresive symptoms.45 Depressive symptoms Vuori, J., & Vinokur, A. (2005). Job-search preparedness as a mediator of the effects of the Työhön job-search intervention on reemployment and mental health. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 26, Jukka Vuori ENETOSH Bilbao

15 Towards Successful Seniority (TSS) method (2008; 2014) Main aim: Enhance career management preparedness Career planning in changing organizations Effects on career and mental health and work ability: Vuori, J., Toppinen-Tanner, S., & Mutanen, P.(2012). Effects of resource building group intervention in work organizations on career management and mental health: Randomized controlled field trial (RCT). Journal of Applied Psychology, 97, Mediating mechanisms: Ahola, K., Vuori, J., Toppinen-Tanner, S., Mutanen, P., & Honkonen, T. Resource-enhancing group intervention against depression at the workplace - who benefits? A randomised controlled study with a seven-month followup. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 69, Salmela-Aro, K., Mutanen, P., & Vuori, J.(2012). Promoting career preparedness and intrinsic work-goal motivation; RCT intervention. Journal of Vocational Behavior. 80, Website: Jukka Vuori ENETOSH Bilbao 15

16 Study design 17 participating organizations -3 private enterprises -14 public sector organizations baseline Participants N=718 N=369 Randomization N= groups N=302 N=321 Immediate effects Experimental group 7- month follow-up N= year follow-up Register Follow-up -88% women -ka 50,0 (SD 6,4) years -participant age varied between years N=258 N=292 Control group N= Jukka Vuori ENETOSH Bilbao 16

17 Proximal effects of the TSS intervention Increased very significantly career management preparedness Increased very significantly number of work goals (F(1, 558) = 12.3; p < 0.001) (F(1, 547) = 23.1; p < 0.001) Vuori, J., Toppinen-Tanner, S., & Mutanen, P. Effects of resource building group intervention in work organizations on career management and mental health: Randomized controlled field trial (RCT). Journal of Applied Psychology, 97, Salmela-Aro, K., Mutanen, P., & Vuori, J. Promoting career preparedness and intrinsic work-goal motivation; RCT intervention. Journal of Vocational Behavior. 80, Jukka Vuori ENETOSH Bilbao

18 Effect of intervention on career preparedness and intrinsic work-goal motivation (SEM; Structural Equation Model, significant paths) Salmela-Aro, K., Mutanen, P., & Vuori, J.(2012). Promoting career preparedness and intrinsic work-goal motivation; RCT intervention. Journal of Vocational Behavior. 80, Jukka Vuori ENETOSH Bilbao 18

19 Effects of the Towards Successful Seniority group intervention at 7-month follow-up Mixed effects model. Organization as a random effect. Depressive symptoms Work engagement Mental resources (Work ability) Intervention -.04*.13.12* -.10* Intention to retire early Intervention x Depression -.26*.09.35* -.07 p<0.10; * p<0.05 Vuori, J., Toppinen-Tanner, S., & Mutanen, P. Effects of resource building group intervention in work organizations on career management and mental health: Randomized controlled field trial (RCT). Journal of Applied Psychology, 97, Jukka Vuori ENETOSH Bilbao 19

20 Preparedness as the proximal mediator of the long-term effects of the intervention Stepwise regression analysis; Baron & Kenny, 1986; Preacher & Hayes, 2008 Depressive symptoms Work engagement Step1: Preparedness Step2: Depressive symptoms Step3: Depressive symptoms+ Preparedness Step1: Preparedness Step2: Work engagement Step3: Work engagement +Preparedness Intervention * * - * - - Preparedness * * Depressive symptoms Work engagement Step1: Preparedness Step2: Mental resources Step3: Mental resources+ Preparedness Step1: Preparedness Step2: Intention to retire early Step3: Intention to retire early+ Preparedness Intervention * * - * - Preparedness * * p<0.10; * p<0.05 Vuori, J., Toppinen-Tanner, S., & Mutanen, P. Effects of resource building group intervention in work organizations on career management and mental health: Randomized controlled field trial (RCT). Journal of Applied Psychology, 97, Jukka Vuori ENETOSH Bilbao 20

21 Prevalence of depression at 7-month follow-up by preventive activity (*; p<0.05) Ahola, K., Vuori, J., Toppinen-Tanner, S., Mutanen, P., & Honkonen, T. (2012) Resource-enhancing group intervention against depression at workplace who benefits? A randomised controlled study with a seven-month follow-up. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 69, Jukka Vuori ENETOSH Bilbao 21

22 Long-term (1,5 yrs) main and interaction effects on depressive symptoms Time2=7 months, Time3=1,5 years F(df1,df3) p-value Main effect 0.78 (1,557) Interaction (medium risk of depression) 4.80 (1,556) Interaction (high risk of depression) (1,556) time time Jukka Vuori ENETOSH Bilbao 22

23 Dissemination of the School to Work method copies of participant's workbook distributed trained trainers Dissemination at the end of year Jukka Vuori ENETOSH Bilbao 23

24 Dissemination of the Työhön method Trained trainers 305 (year 2000) Method packages 3574 Participant s workbooks Trainer networks Jukka Vuori ENETOSH Bilbao

25 Conclusions The age-differentiated work life has increased the challenges related to work life transitions. Age-integrated view of work life course supports more sustainable work careers. Preparedness for career challenges, such as career transitions can be promoted with interventions. Better preparedness results in beneficial long-term effects on career and mental health Jukka Vuori ENETOSH Bilbao 25

26 Questions: 1. Why transitional phases are so suitable targets for interventions? 2. Do you identify other possible transitional phases during the work career? 3. What kind of short term effects of interventions in these transitions could result in beneficial long-term effects? Jukka Vuori 26 ENETOSH

27 More about interventions for career transitions Jukka Vuori ENETOSH Bilbao 27

28 Thank You! Websites: Jukka Vuori ENETOSH Bilbao 28