The State of Occupational Safety and Health in the European Union (including the Risk sector project)

Transcription

1 HELLENIC REPUBLIC MINISTRY OF LABOUR & SOCIAL SECURITY GENERAL DIRECTORATE OF WORKING CONDITIONS AND HEALTH Centre for Occupational Health & Safety (K.Y.A.E.) The State of Occupational Safety and Health in the European Union (including the Risk sector project) Data at European level on working environment and health outcomes GREEK REPORT

2 Table of contents: 1. Introduction 2. Data on the working environment in Greece I. STATISTICAL CLASSIFICATION OF ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES AND OCCUPATIONS II. NATIONAL DATA III. COMPARISON BETWEEN NATIONAL AND EU/GREECE DATA IV. NATIONAL DATA EVALUATION (QUANTITATIVE COMPARISON) 2.1 Physical exposures Noise Vibrations High temperatures Low temperatures 2.2 Posture and movements exposures Lifting/moving heavy loads Repetitive movements Strenuous exposures 2.3 Chemical exposures Handling chemicals Exposure to carcinogenic substances Exposure to neurotoxic substances Exposure to reproductive hazards 2.4 Exposures to biological factors Exposure to infectious biological factors Regular exposure to non-infectious biological factors 2.5 Psycho-social working conditions High speed work Workpace dictated by social demands Machine dictated workpace Physical violence at the workplace Bullying and victimizing Sexual harassment Monotonous work 2.6 Emerging risks 3. The context of work 3.1 Telework 3.2 Employment status 3.3 Use of Personal Protective Equipment 3.4 Information about risks at work 3.5 Training provided by employer 4. Data on occupational health and safety outcome in Greece 4.1 Accidents at work Accidents at work with more than 3 days absence Fatal Accidents at work 4.2 Occupational diseases 4.3 Specific work-related diseases/disorders Muoskeletal diseases 4.3.2a Stress at work (overall fatigue, stress, irritability) 4.3.2b Stress at work (lack of concentration, memory problems) 4.4 Occupational sickness absence 5. Preventive capacity of the OSH system in Greece 6. Greek Questionnaire Form 7. General- Technical information on National report 8. Conclusion 9. ANNEXES

3 HELLENIC REPUBLIC MINISTRY OF LABOUR & SOCIAL SECURITY GENERAL DIRECTORATE OF WORKING CONDITIONS AND HEALTH Centre for Occupational Health & Safety (K.Y.A.E.) The State of Occupational Safety and Health in the European Union (including the Risk sector project) Data at European level on working environment and health outcomes GREEK NATIONAL DATA

4 CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION

5 CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 1. Introduction This document contains the report prepared by the Greek National Focal Point as part of the State of Occupational Safety and Health in the European Union project. A thorough review has been carried out of occupational safety and health information sources in Greece and of data available. Also there has been a new survey using data collected as mentioned in Chapter 7, Information on National Report and Survey, from experienced technical inspectors of labour of our country in industrial areas of Greece. This survey has shown that relatively little occupational safety and health research has been done in Greece to date and that considerable gaps exist. Data is included for those areas where available. The greatest part of the data presented in this report is from the Greek Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs and processed by Greek National focal point K.Y.A.E. (Centre for Occupational Health and Safety). The statistical data been presented are not yet published in Greece officially. Also much of the information is anecdotal and in some important areas there is lack of information. The research into occupational safety and health issues have been improved with the recent establishment of the Occupational Safety and Health Institute of Greece, and the improvement of this research is a subject of continuous effort, since it has been identified of a great interest. This report identifies serious deficiencies and gaps in health and safety data and will be a valuable aid in building up a comprehensive system for monitoring occupational health and safety in Greece. These data are based on earlier existent data from the Survey of the European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions of Dublin, on data from a survey of working conditions performed by a research company on behalf of Working Center of Athens and on data been collected by experienced technical inspectors of labour on industrial areas of Greece. The data have been discussed in a Group of experienced technical inspectors of labour and within the Tripartite Commitee in Greece which supports the operation of the Greek Focal Point.

6 CHAPTER 2. DATA ON THE WORKING ENVIRONMENT IN GREECE

7 HELLENIC REPUBLIC MINISTRY OF LABOUR & SOCIAL SECURITY GENERAL DIRECTORATE OF WORKING CONDITIONS AND HEALTH Centre for Occupational Health & Safety (K.Y.A.E.) The State of Occupational Safety and Health in the European Union (including the Risk sector project) Existing data at European level on Labour Market and Accidents at Work EUROSTAT DATA GREECE

8 1. Introduction This document summarises the data available at European level about Labour Market and Accidents at work in your country. The data come from EUROSTAT. The source for Labour Marked data is the Labour Force Survey 1997 and for Accidents at work The European Statistics on Accidents at Work (ESAW) The data come from a country-specific transcription of excel files provided by EUROSTAT. 1.1 Some basic concepts All definitions apply to persons aged 15 years and over, living in private households. The concepts and definitions used follow the guidelines of the International Labour Organisation. Persons carrying out obligatory military service are not included. The survey does not cover persons living in collective households such as hotels, hall of residence, medical care establishments, religious institutions, collective workers accommodation etc. Persons in employment are those who during the reference week did any work for pay or profit for at least one hour, or were not working but had jobs from which they were temporary absent. Family workers are also included.

9 2. Developments in the working population in the Member State 2.1 Persons in employment by economic activity (2-digit level) Source: EUROSTAT, Labour Force Survey 1997 ECONOMIC ACTIVITY - NACE rev 1 TOTAL MEN WOMEN N (*1000) % % % TOTAL (* 1000) A - B: Agriculture, Hunting, Forestry and Fishing 01 Agriculture, Hunting and related service activities 02 Forestry, Logging and related service activities 05 Fishing, Operation of Fish Hatcheries and Fish Farms; Service activities incidental to F C - D: Mining, Quarrying and Manufacturing 10 Mining of Coal and Lignite; Extraction of Peat 11 Extraction of Crude Petroleum and Natural Gas; Service activities incidental to Oil and extraction, excluding surveying 12 Mining of Uranium and Thorium Ores 13 Mining of Metal Ores 14 Other Mining and Quarrying 15 Manufacture of Food Products and Beverages 16 Manufacture of Tobacco Products 17 Manufacture of Textiles 18 Manufacture of Wearing Apparel; Dressing and Dyeing of Fur 19 Tanning and Dressing of Leather; Manufacture of Luggage, Handbags, Saddlery, Ha and Footwear 20 Manufacture of Wood and of Products of Wood and Cork, except Furniture; Manufactu of articles of Straw and Plaiting Materials 21 Manufacture of Paper and Paper Products 22 Publishing, Printing and Reproduction of Recorded Media 23 Manufacture of Coke, Refined Petroleum Products and Nuclear Fuel 24 Manufacture of Chemicals and Chemical Products 25 Manufacture of Rubber and Plastic Products 26 Manufacture of Other Non-Metallic Mineral Products 27 Manufacture of Basic Metals 28 Manufacture of fabricated Metal Products, except Machinery and Equipment 29 Manufacture of Machinery and Equipment NEC 30 Manufacture of Office, Accounting and Computing Machinery 31 Manufacture of Electrical Machinery and Apparatus NEC 32 Manufacture of Radio, Television and Communication Equipment and Apparatus 33 Manufacture of Medical, Precision and Optical Instruments, Watches and Clocks 34 Manufacture of Motor Vehicles, Trailers and Semi-Trailers 35 Manufacture of other Transport Equipment 36 Manufacture of Furniture; Manufacturing NEC 37 Recycling E: Electricity, Gas and Water Supply 40 Electricity, Gas, Steam and Hot Water Supply 41 Collection, Purification and Distribution of Water F: Construction 45 Construction G: Wholesale and Retail Trade; Repair of Motor Vehicles, Motorcycles and Personal and Household Goods 50 Sale, Maintenance and Repair of Motor Vehicles and Motorcycles; Retail Sale of Autom Fuel 51 Wholesale Trade and Commission trade, except of Motor Vehicles and Motorcycles 52 Retail Trade, except of Motor Vehicles and Motorcycles; Repair of Personal and Hous Goods H: Hotels and Restaurants 55 Hotels and Restaurants I: Transport, Storage and Communications 60 Land Transport; Transport via Pipelines 61 Water Transport 62 Air Transport 63 Supporting and Auxiliary Transport Activities; Activities of Travel Agencies 64 Post and Telecommunications

10 2.1 Persons in employment by economic activity (2-digit level) (continued) Source: EUROSTAT, Labour Force Survey 1997 ECONOMIC ACTIVITY - NACE rev 1 TOTAL MEN WOMEN N % % % J: Financial Intermediation 65 Financial Intermediation, except Insurance and Pension Funding 66 Insurance and Pension Funding, except Compulsory Social Security 67 Activities auxiliary to Financial Intermediation K: Real Estate, Renting and Business Activities 70 Real Estate activities 71 Renting of Machinery and Equipment without Operator and of Personal and Hous Goods 72 Computer and related activities 73 Research and Development 74 Other Business activities L: Public Administration and Defence; Compulsory Social Security 75 Public Administration and Defence; Compulsory Social Security M - Q: Other Services 80 Education 85 Health and Social Work 90 Sewage and Refuse Disposal, Sanitation and similar activities 91 Activities of Membership Organizations NEC 92 Recreational, Cultural and Sporting activities 93 Other Service activities 95 Private Households with Employed Persons 99 Extra-Territorial Organizations and Bodies Unknown

11 2.2 Persons in employment by occupational groups (2-digit level) Source: EUROSTAT, Labour Force Survey 1997 OCCUPATIONS ISCO-88 (COM) ALL MEN WOMEN N % % % TOTAL (* 1000) Armed forces: 01 Armed forces Legislators, senior officials and managers: 11 Legislators and senior officials 12 Corporate managers 13 Managers of small enterprises Professionals: Physical, mathematical and engineering science professio 22 Life science and health professionals 23 Teaching professionals 24 Other professionals Technicians and associate professionals: 31 Physical and engineering science associate professionals 32 Life science and health associate professionals 33 Teaching associate professionals 34 Other associate professionals Clerks: 41 Office clerks 42 Customer services clerks Service workers and shop and market sales workers: 51 Personal and protective services workers 52 Models, salespersons and demonstrators Skilled agricultural and fishery workers: 61 Skilled agricultural and fishery workers Craft and related trades workers: Extraction and building trades workers 72 Metal, machinery and related trades workers 73 Precision, handicraft, craft printing and related trades work 74 Other craft and related trades workers Plant and machine operators and assemblers: Stationary-plant and related operators 82 Machine operators and assemblers 83 Drivers and mobile plant operators Elementary occupations: Sales and services elementary occupations 92 Agricultural, fishery and related labourers 93 Labourers in mining, construction, manufacturing and trans Unknown

12 2.3 Persons in employment by age group and gender Source: EUROSTAT, Labour Force Survey 1997 AGE GROUP TOTAL (* 1000) MEN (%) WOMEN (%) years years years TOTAL Persons in employment by size of enterprises (incl. Self-employed) Source: EUROSTAT, Labour Force Survey 1997 SIZE OF COMPANY TOTAL Unknown but more than 11 Unknown but less than 10 Not applicable Blank TOTAL (*1000)

13 2.5 Persons in employment by full-time/part-time and gender Source: EUROSTAT, Labour Force Survey 1997 TOTAL MEN WOMEN TOTAL (* 1000) FULL-TIME A-B: Agriculture, hunting, forestry and fishing C-D: Mining, quarrying and manufacturing E: Electricity, gas and water supply F: Construction G: Wholesale and retail trade, repairs H: Hotels and restaurants I: Transportation and communication J: Financial intermediation K: Real state and business activities L: Public administration M-Q: Other services Unknown PART-TIME A-B: Agriculture, hunting, forestry and fishing C-D: Mining, quarrying and manufacturing E: Electricity, gas and water supply F: Construction G: Wholesale and retail trade, repairs H: Hotels and restaurants I: Transportation and communication J: Financial intermediation K: Real state and business activities L: Public administration M-Q: Other services Unknown TOTAL FULL TIME PART TIME 3, % 4.6 %

14 2.6 Persons in employment by permanent basis/temporary basis Source: EUROSTAT, Labour Force Survey 1997 TOTAL MEN WOMEN TOTAL (* 1000) PERMANENT BASIS A-B: Agriculture, hunting, forestry and fishing C-D: Mining, quarrying and manufacturing E: Electricity, gas and water supply F: Construction G: Wholesale and retail trade, repairs H: Hotels and restaurants I: Transportation and communication J: Financial intermediation K: Real state and business activities L: Public administration M-Q: Other services Unknown TEMPORARY BASIS A-B: Agriculture, hunting, forestry and fishing C-D: Mining, quarrying and manufacturing E: Electricity, gas and water supply F: Construction G: Wholesale and retail trade, repairs H: Hotels and restaurants I: Transportation and communication J: Financial intermediation K: Real state and business activities L: Public administration M-Q: Other services Unknown TOTAL PERMANENT TEMPORARY N.A. 3, % 5.9 % 45.3 %

15 2.7 Average hours usually worked by sector (group) and gender Source: EUROSTAT, Labour Force Survey 1997 ECONOMIC ACTIVITY - NACE rev 1 TOTAL MEN WOMEN TOTAL Agriculture Industry Services EMPLOYEES Agriculture Industry Services Persons in employment by shift work, night work and gender Source: EUROSTAT, Labour Force Survey 1997 TOTAL MEN WOMEN TOTAL (* 1000) SHIFT WORK A-B: Agriculture, hunting, forestry and fishing C-D: Mining, quarrying and manufacturing E: Electricity, gas and water supply F: Construction G: Wholesale and retail trade, repairs H: Hotels and restaurants I: Transportation and communication J: Financial intermediation K: Real state and business activities L: Public administration M-Q: Other services Unknown TOTAL NIGHT WORK A-B: Agriculture, hunting, forestry and fishing C-D: Mining, quarrying and manufacturing E: Electricity, gas and water supply F: Construction G: Wholesale and retail trade, repairs H: Hotels and restaurants I: Transportation and communication J: Financial intermediation K: Real state and business activities L: Public administration M-Q: Other services Unknown TOTAL TOTAL SHIFT WORK NIGHT WORK 3, % 3.63 % 3. Accidents at work with more than 3 days absence and fatal accidents

16 Source ESAW, EUROSTAT, 1994 Accidents with more than 3 days absence Fatal accidents N Rate N Rate Total (8 branches): 45, Gender: Male Female unspecified 39,018 6, Age: <25 years years > 55 years unspecified 8,227 33,399 3, Sector: A: Agriculture, hunting and forestry D: Mining and quarrying F: Construction G: Wholesale and retail trade, repairs H: Hotels and restaurants I: Transportation and communication J: Financial intermediation K: Real state and business activities ,594 13,967 5,777 1,498 1, Occupation: 0: Armed forces 1: Legislators, senior officials and managers 2: Professionals 3: Technicians and associated professionals 4: Clerks 5: Service workers, shop, market sales workers 6: Skilled agricultural and fishery workers 7: Craft and related trades workers 8: Plant and machine operators, assemblers 9: Elementary occupations unspecified ,298 3, ,623 8,272 16, Explanation to the table Accidents at work 1- Data are only comparable for eight branches (NACE A, D, F, G, H, I, J, K). That is to say the data given in the table correspond to these sectors and not to NACE B, C, E, L, M which are excluded. 2- There s no data about accidents at work by company size and employment status for Fatal accidents don t include road accidents or deaths by medical reasons during working hours. 4- Incidence rate is expressed by Number of accidents per 100 persons in employment 5- Shadowed area = data not available or not significant

17 GREEK STATISTICAL CLASSIFICATION OF ECONOMY ACTIVITIES AND PROFESSIONS

18 Annex I. Statistical Classification of Economic Activity in the European Union NACE Rev.1, 1993, GREEK STAKOD-91, 1994 A - B: Agriculture, Hunting, Forestry and Fishing 01 Agriculture, Hunting and related service activities 02 Forestry, Logging and related service activities 05 Fishing, Operation of Fish Hatcheries and Fish Farms; Service activities incidental to Fishing C - D: Mining, Quarrying and Manufacturing 10 Mining of Coal and Lignite; Extraction of Peat 11 Extraction of Crude Petroleum and Natural Gas; Service activities incidental to Oil and Gas extraction, excluding surveying 12 Mining of Uranium and Thorium Ores 13 Mining of Metal Ores 14 Other Mining and Quarrying 15 Manufacture of Food Products and Beverages 16 Manufacture of Tobacco Products 17 Manufacture of Textiles 18 Manufacture of Wearing Apparel; Dressing and Dyeing of Fur 19 Tanning and Dressing of Leather; Manufacture of Luggage, Handbags, Saddlery, Harness and Footwear 20 Manufacture of Wood and of Products of Wood and Cork, except Furniture; Manufacture of articles of Straw and Plaiting Materials 21 Manufacture of Paper and Paper Products 22 Publishing, Printing and Reproduction of Recorded Media 23 Manufacture of Coke, Refined Petroleum Products and Nuclear Fuel 24 Manufacture of Chemicals and Chemical Products 25 Manufacture of Rubber and Plastic Products 26 Manufacture of Other Non-Metallic Mineral Products 27 Manufacture of Basic Metals 28 Manufacture of fabricated Metal Products, except Machinery and Equipment 29 Manufacture of Machinery and Equipment NEC 30 Manufacture of Office, Accounting and Computing Machinery 31 Manufacture of Electrical Machinery and Apparatus NEC 32 Manufacture of Radio, Television and Communication Equipment and Apparatus 33 Manufacture of Medical, Precision and Optical Instruments, Watches and Clocks 34 Manufacture of Motor Vehicles, Trailers and Semi-Trailers 35 Manufacture of other Transport Equipment 36 Manufacture of Furniture; Manufacturing NEC 37 Recycling E: Electricity, Gas and Water Supply 40 Electricity, Gas, Steam and Hot Water Supply 41 Collection, Purification and Distribution of Water F: Construction 45 Construction G: Wholesale and Retail Trade; Repair of Motor Vehicles, Motorcycles and Personal and Household Goods 50 Sale, Maintenance and Repair of Motor Vehicles and Motorcycles; Retail Sale of Automotive Fuel 51 Wholesale Trade and Commission trade, except of Motor Vehicles and Motorcycles 52 Retail Trade, except of Motor Vehicles and Motorcycles; Repair of Personal and Household Goods H: Hotels and Restaurants 55 Hotels and Restaurants I: Transport, Storage and Communications 60 Land Transport; Transport via Pipelines 61 Water Transport 62 Air Transport

19 63 Supporting and Auxiliary Transport Activities; Activities of Travel Agencies 64 Post and Telecommunications J: Financial Intermediation 65 Financial Intermediation, except Insurance and Pension Funding 66 Insurance and Pension Funding, except Compulsory Social Security 67 Activities auxiliary to Financial Intermediation K: Real Estate, Renting and Business Activities 70 Real Estate activities 71 Renting of Machinery and Equipment without Operator and of Personal and Household Goods 72 Computer and related activities 73 Research and Development 74 Other Business activities L: Public Administration and Defence; Compulsory Social Security 75 Public Administration and Defence; Compulsory Social Security M - Q: Other Services 80 Education 85 Health and Social Work 90 Sewage and Refuse Disposal, Sanitation and similar activities 91 Activities of Membership Organizations NEC 92 Recreational, Cultural and Sporting activities 93 Other Service activities 95 Private Households with Employed Persons 99 Extra-Territorial Organizations and Bodies

20 Annex ΙΙ. Greek Standard Classification of Occupations (Based on ISCO-88) 0 Armed forces: 01 Armed forces 1 Legislators, senior officials and managers: 11 Legislators and senior officials 12 Corporate managers 13 Managers of small enterprises 2 Professionals: 21 Physical, mathematical and similar professionals 22 Architects and engineering science professional 23 Biologists, Doctors and health professionals 24 Teaching professionals 25 Account, Bookkeepers and Enterprise's Consultants 26 Layers, Advocates, District Attorneys etc 27 Scientists, Artists, Reporters, Journalists, Actors etc 3 Technicians and associate professionals: 31 Physical and engineering science associate professionals 32 Life science and health associate professionals 33 Teaching associate professionals 34 Other associate professionals 4 Clerks: 41 Office clerks 42 Customer services clerks 5 Service workers and shop and market sales workers: 51 Personal services workers 52 Protective services workers 52 Models, salespersons and demonstrators 6 Skilled agricultural and fishery workers: 61 Skilled agricultural workers in annual cultivation 62 Skilled agricultural workers in trees, decoction and spice cultivation 63 Skilled agricultural workers in multi-cultivation 64 Skilled cattlemen, aviarists etc 65 Skilled woodcutters, foresters etc 66 Skilled fishermen, pisciculturists, sponge-divers etc 67 Skilled hunters 7 Craft and related trades workers: 71 Mine workers, Quarriers etc 72 Building trades workers 73 Casters, welders, blacksmiths etc metal, machinery and related trades workers 74 Millwrights, appliers (fitters) of mechanical and electrical equipment 75 Precision, handicraft, craft printing and related trades workers 76 Food processing workers 77 Carpenters, cabinetmakers and wood processing workers 78 Textile and garment workers 8 Plant and machine operators and assemblers: 81 Stationary-plant and related operaton 82 Metal product' s machines operators 83 Chemical and plastic product' s machines operators 84 Wood processing machines operators 85 Textile and leather machines operators 86 Food processing machines operators 87 Machine assemblers 88 Drivers and mobile plant operators 9 Elementary occupations: 91 Sales and services elementary occupations 92 Agricultural, fishery and related labourers 93 Labourers in mining, construction, manufacturing and transport

21 HELLENIC REPUBLIC MINISTRY OF LABOUR & SOCIAL SECURITY GENERAL DIRECTORATE OF WORKING CONDITIONS AND HEALTH Centre for Occupational Health & Safety (K.Y.A.E.) The State of Occupational Safety and Health in the European Union (including the Risk sector project) Data at European level on working environment and health outcomes GREEK NATIONAL DATA

22 TABLE PHYSICAL EXPOSURES. NOISE AT THE WORKPLACE Question: "Are you in your work exposed to noise so loud that you would have to raise your voice to talk to people?" GREEK NATIONAL DATA CASE 2,1,1 Workers exposed to noise PERCENTAGE NUMBER OF WORKERS PERCENT >3/4 >1/2 >1/4 <1/4 TOTAL >3/4 >1/2 >1/4 <1/4 TOTAL TOTALS 100,0 16,8 12,0 15,2 56,0 100, BY SEX Male 63,6 19,4 13,0 16,1 51,5 100, Female 36,4 12,3 10,3 13,7 63,6 99, BY AGE 100,0 16,8 12,0 15,2 55, <25 13,8 12,6 13,4 20,5 53,5 100, ,9 17,4 12,1 14,5 56,0 100, >=55 10,3 18,0 9,7 13,7 58,6 100, BY SECTOR 100,0 16,8 12,0 15,2 55, A-B:Agriculture,fishing,forestry,hunting 7,4 9,9 13,2 16,3 60,6 100, C-D:Mining,quarrying,manufacturing 14,6 33,0 14,4 16,0 36,6 100, E:Electricity, gas, water supply 1,6 17,1 13,2 27,6 42,1 100, F:Construction 7,7 41,4 18,1 17,6 23,0 100, G:Wholesale 20,3 10,3 8,6 13,9 67,1 99, H:Hotels, Restaurants 7,1 10,6 7,3 10,9 71,3 100, I:Transportation, Communication 6,3 18,5 17,5 19,8 44,2 100, J:Financial intermediation 4,5 6,0 12,4 18,9 62,7 100, K:Real state, business activities 2,8 8,8 5,8 7,3 78,1 100, L:Public administration 12,3 14,3 11,0 15,7 59,0 100, M-Q:Other services 15,5 9,8 12,2 13,6 64,4 100, BY COMPANY'S SIZE 100,1 16,8 12,0 15,3 55, Working alone 11,0 9,6 7,2 12,5 70,8 100, ,0 16,6 12,3 17,5 53,6 100, ,8 15,5 13,9 16,2 54,3 99, ,5 19,6 9,9 15,7 54,8 100, ,2 21,7 11,9 11,7 54,7 100, >=500 11,4 20,1 13,6 11,6 54,6 99, BY OCCUPATION 99,9 16,8 12,0 15,3 55, :Armed forces 1,0 2,1 6,3 16,7 75,0 100, :Legislators,senior officers,managers 9,2 8,8 9,8 12,7 68,7 100, :Professionals 10,4 11,5 9,9 15,9 62,6 99, :Technicians,associated professionals 7,5 13,0 10,5 16,1 60,4 100, :Clerks 26,2 10,1 12,7 15,8 61,4 100, :Service,shop,market sales workers 9,9 13,6 9,8 13,0 63,6 100, :Skilled agriculture,fishery workers 7,1 10,0 10,6 15,0 64,5 100, :Craft and related trades workers 10,4 34,1 15,5 17,1 33,3 100, :Plant,machine operators,assemblers 7,7 36,7 14,7 16,6 31,9 99, :Elementary occupations 10,5 25,7 13,4 14,0 46,8 99, BY FORM OF EMPLOYMENT 99,9 16,8 12,0 15,2 56, :Employment on permanent basis 42,5 17,5 11,5 15,2 55,8 100, :Fixed term contract 6,0 18,6 12,7 15,5 53,3 100, :Temporary employment contract 3,5 22,8 16,8 13,2 47,3 100, :Apprenticeship,training 0,8 12,5 15,0 12,5 60,0 100, :Self-employed 45,2 15,2 12,1 15,5 57,2 100, :Other 2,0 25,0 8,3 13,5 53,1 99, ,0 16,8 12,0 15,2 56,

23 TABLE PHYSICAL EXPOSURES. VIBRATIONS AT THE WORKPLACE Question: "Are you in your work exposed to vibrations from hand tools, machinery, etc?" GREEK NATIONAL DATA CASE 2,1,2 Workers exposed to vibrations PERCENTAGE NUMBER OF WORKERS PERCENT >3/4 >1/2 >1/4 <1/4 TOTAL >3/4 >1/2 >1/4 <1/4 TOTAL TOTALS 100,0 12,0 8,2 7,0 72,8 100, BY SEX Male 63,6 14,6 9,9 8,6 66,9 100, Female 36,4 7,4 5,2 4,2 83,2 100, BY AGE 100,0 12,0 8,2 7,0 72, <25 13,8 10,2 8,0 6,6 75,2 100, ,9 11,7 7,8 6,6 73,9 100, >=55 10,3 16,8 11,3 10,1 61,8 100, BY SECTOR 100,0 12,0 8,2 7,0 72, A-B:Agriculture,fishing,forestry,hunting 7,4 15,2 14,1 11,8 58,9 100, C-D:Mining,quarrying,manufacturing 14,6 18,8 10,4 6,1 64,7 100, E:Electricity, gas, water supply 1,6 11,8 11,8 9,2 67,1 99, F:Construction 7,7 33,0 18,1 15,1 33,8 100, G:Wholesale 20,3 9,1 5,3 4,6 81,0 100, H:Hotels, Restaurants 7,1 5,6 4,1 3,8 86,5 100, I:Transportation, Communication 6,3 10,6 8,9 7,6 72,9 100, J:Financial intermediation 4,5 4,6 3,7 4,1 87,6 100, K:Real state, business activities 2,8 5,1 3,6 2,9 88,3 99, L:Public administration 12,3 7,4 8,3 9,9 74,4 100, M-Q:Other services 15,5 7,9 5,4 4,7 82,0 100, BY COMPANY'S SIZE 100,0 12,0 8,2 7,0 72, Working alone 11,0 11,7 8,3 8,1 71,9 100, ,0 13,6 9,2 8,1 69,0 99, ,8 11,0 8,3 6,6 74,1 100, ,5 12,2 7,7 6,4 73,7 100, ,2 10,6 7,6 5,8 76,1 100, >=500 11,4 9,4 5,1 4,2 81,3 100, BY OCCUPATION 99,9 12,0 8,2 7,0 72, :Armed forces 1,0 4,2 10,4 6,3 79,2 100, :Legislators,senior officers,managers 9,2 6,1 6,3 5,9 81,6 99, :Professionals 10,4 5,0 5,0 3,8 86,3 100, :Technicians,associated professionals 7,5 12,5 8,6 7,5 71,5 100, :Clerks 26,2 6,0 4,4 3,2 86,3 99, :Service,shop,market sales workers 9,9 7,9 4,6 5,4 82,0 99, :Skilled agriculture,fishery workers 7,1 15,2 14,4 11,1 59,2 99, :Craft and related trades workers 10,4 23,3 13,5 8,6 54,6 100, :Plant,machine operators,assemblers 7,7 25,5 13,7 12,3 48,5 100, :Elementary occupations 10,5 19,8 11,7 13,2 55,3 100, BY FORM OF EMPLOYMENT 99,9 12,0 8,2 7,0 72, :Employment on permanent basis 42,5 11,3 7,2 5,7 75,8 100, :Fixed term contract 6,0 12,0 8,9 6,5 72,5 99, :Temporary employment contract 3,5 12,6 8,4 13,2 65,9 100, :Apprenticeship,training 0,8 10,0 12,5 5,0 72,5 100, :Self-employed 45,2 12,6 8,9 7,8 70,8 100, :Other 2,0 12,5 9,4 7,3 70,8 100, ,0 12,0 8,2 7,0 72,

24 TABLE PHYSICAL EXPOSURES. HIGH TEMPERATURES Question: "Are you in your work exposed to high temperatures which makes you perspire even when not working?" GREEK NATIONAL DATA CASE 2,1,3 Workers exposed to high temperatures PERCENTAGE NUMBER OF WORKERS PERCENT >3/4 >1/2 >1/4 <1/4 TOTAL >3/4 >1/2 >1/4 <1/4 TOTAL TOTALS 100,0 9,9 16,2 15,9 58,0 100, BY SEX Male 63,6 11,3 18,3 19,2 51,1 99, Female 36,4 7,5 12,5 10,1 69,9 100, BY AGE 100,0 9,9 16,2 15,9 58, <25 13,8 8,6 12,3 17,7 61,4 100, ,9 9,9 16,1 15,6 58,4 100, >=55 10,3 11,9 22,0 15,6 50,5 100, BY SECTOR 100,0 9,9 16,2 15,9 58, A-B:Agriculture,fishing,forestry,hunting 7,4 13,8 27,6 18,0 40,6 100, C-D:Mining,quarrying,manufacturing 14,6 18,2 20,2 18,2 43,3 99, E:Electricity, gas, water supply 1,6 13,2 18,4 23,7 44,7 100, F:Construction 7,7 30,0 28,1 18,1 23,8 100, G:Wholesale 20,3 4,0 9,8 11,3 74,9 100, H:Hotels, Restaurants 7,1 6,5 16,7 20,5 56,3 100, I:Transportation, Communication 6,3 8,6 19,8 23,1 48,5 100, J:Financial intermediation 4,5 3,2 8,8 9,7 78,3 100, K:Real state, business activities 2,8 3,6 8,0 12,4 75,9 99, L:Public administration 12,3 5,2 14,7 18,0 62,1 100, M-Q:Other services 15,5 6,6 12,4 12,8 68,3 100, BY COMPANY'S SIZE 100,0 9,9 16,2 15,9 58, Working alone 11,0 8,3 14,0 11,7 66,0 100, ,0 11,3 19,0 16,5 53,2 100, ,8 10,1 16,0 17,6 56,3 100, ,5 9,0 14,1 17,0 59,9 100, ,2 8,7 14,5 16,5 60,3 100, >=500 11,4 8,0 11,8 14,0 66,2 100, BY OCCUPATION 100,0 9,9 16,2 15,9 57, :Armed forces 1,0 4,2 8,3 14,6 72,9 100, :Legislators,senior officers,managers 9,2 4,3 10,9 14,1 70,7 100, :Professionals 10,4 6,2 9,5 12,1 72,2 100, :Technicians,associated professionals 7,5 11,1 13,0 15,5 60,4 100, :Clerks 26,2 6,1 13,2 15,0 65,7 100, :Service,shop,market sales workers 9,9 7,9 12,6 14,4 65,1 100, :Skilled agriculture,fishery workers 7,1 13,2 29,0 17,6 40,2 100, :Craft and related trades workers 10,4 13,9 22,7 21,7 41,6 99, :Plant,machine operators,assemblers 7,7 16,9 21,4 19,6 42,1 100, :Elementary occupations 10,5 18,2 22,3 16,0 43,5 100, BY FORM OF EMPLOYMENT 100,0 9,9 16,2 15,9 58, :Employment on permanent basis 42,5 9,5 14,1 16,0 60,4 100, :Fixed term contract 6,0 9,6 16,2 15,8 58,4 100, :Temporary employment contract 3,5 10,8 19,2 15,0 55,1 100, :Apprenticeship,training 0,8 7,5 15,0 12,5 65,0 100, :Self-employed 45,2 10,3 17,7 16,0 56,0 100, :Other 2,0 11,5 20,8 15,6 52,1 100, ,0 9,9 16,2 15,9 58,

25 TABLE PHYSICAL EXPOSURES. LOW TEMPERATURES Question: "Are you in your work exposed to low temperatures whether indoors or outdoors?" GREEK NATIONAL DATA CASE 2,1,4 Workers exposed to low temperatures PERCENTAGE NUMBER OF WORKERS PERCENT >3/4 >1/2 >1/4 <1/4 TOTAL >3/4 >1/2 >1/4 <1/4 TOTAL TOTALS 100,0 8,1 15,2 12,7 64,0 100, BY SEX Male 63,6 8,8 17,7 15,0 58,5 100, Female 36,4 6,8 10,8 8,8 73,6 100, BY AGE 100,0 8,1 15,2 12,7 64, <25 13,8 6,5 12,9 14,1 66,5 100, ,9 8,2 14,8 12,0 65,0 100, >=55 10,3 9,1 21,2 16,6 53,1 100, BY SECTOR 100,0 8,1 15,2 12,8 64, A-B:Agriculture,fishing,forestry,hunting 7,4 18,0 33,0 18,0 31,0 100, C-D:Mining,quarrying,manufacturing 14,6 15,4 19,4 10,3 55,0 100, E:Electricity, gas, water supply 1,6 13,2 17,1 13,2 56,6 100, F:Construction 7,7 19,2 33,5 23,2 24,1 100, G:Wholesale 20,3 2,3 8,4 10,8 78,5 100, H:Hotels, Restaurants 7,1 2,1 7,3 9,7 80,9 100, I:Transportation, Communication 6,3 8,6 16,8 14,2 60,4 100, J:Financial intermediation 4,5 2,8 4,6 7,8 84,8 100, K:Real state, business activities 2,8 2,9 5,1 5,1 86,9 100, L:Public administration 12,3 4,7 16,5 14,7 64,1 100, M-Q:Other services 15,5 5,8 9,3 11,8 73,1 100, BY COMPANY'S SIZE 100,1 8,1 15,2 12,7 64, Working alone 11,0 7,2 15,8 9,8 67,2 100, ,0 9,8 18,7 15,7 55,9 100, ,8 8,8 13,9 12,3 65,0 100, ,5 7,1 10,9 11,9 70,2 100, ,2 5,8 11,7 9,8 72,7 100, >=500 11,4 4,7 10,5 9,3 75,5 100, BY OCCUPATION 99,9 8,1 15,2 12,7 64, :Armed forces 1,0 2,1 8,3 8,3 81,3 100, :Legislators,senior officers,managers 9,2 2,7 11,1 9,8 76,4 100, :Professionals 10,4 4,8 8,5 9,7 76,9 99, :Technicians,associated professionals 7,5 6,6 14,1 14,1 65,1 99, :Clerks 26,2 4,4 10,9 11,3 73,4 100, :Service,shop,market sales workers 9,9 5,9 12,3 11,3 70,5 100, :Skilled agriculture,fishery workers 7,1 18,2 33,1 17,3 31,4 100, :Craft and related trades workers 10,4 12,5 20,1 14,9 52,4 99, :Plant,machine operators,assemblers 7,7 10,5 21,4 17,7 50,4 100, :Elementary occupations 10,5 16,0 18,6 13,6 51,8 100, BY FORM OF EMPLOYMENT 99,9 8,1 15,2 12,7 64, :Employment on permanent basis 42,5 8,7 13,9 11,7 65,7 100, :Fixed term contract 6,0 8,2 14,4 13,1 64,3 100, :Temporary employment contract 3,5 9,6 18,0 16,2 56,3 100, :Apprenticeship,training 0,8 7,5 12,5 15,0 65,0 100, :Self-employed 45,2 7,5 16,3 13,3 62,9 100, :Other 2,0 6,3 15,6 13,5 64,6 100, ,0 8,1 15,2 12,7 64,

26 TABLE POSTURE AND MOVEMENTS EXPOSURES. LIFTING/MOVING HEAVY LOADS Question: "How often does your main paid job involve carrying or moving heavy loads?" GREEK NATIONAL DATA CASE 2,2,1 Lifting/Moving heavy loads PERCENTAGE NUMBER OF WORKERS PERCENT >3/4 >1/2 >1/4 <1/4 TOTAL >3/4 >1/2 >1/4 <1/4 TOTAL TOTALS 100,0 12,8 13,1 9,6 64,6 100, BY SEX Male 63,6 17,5 17,2 11,9 53,3 99, Female 36,4 4,4 6,0 5,4 84,2 100, BY AGE 100,0 12,7 13,1 9,5 64, <25 13,8 10,8 13,5 9,8 65,9 100, ,9 13,2 12,8 9,4 64,5 99, >=55 10,3 12,1 14,5 10,1 63,2 99, BY SECTOR 100,0 12,8 13,1 9,5 64, A-B:Agriculture,fishing,forestry,hunting 7,4 22,3 24,2 16,3 37,2 100, C-D:Mining,quarrying,manufacturing 14,6 19,7 17,5 10,7 52,1 100, E:Electricity, gas, water supply 1,6 14,5 17,1 14,5 53,9 100, F:Construction 7,7 34,1 28,4 16,8 20,8 100, G:Wholesale 20,3 10,6 13,6 9,9 65,8 99, H:Hotels, Restaurants 7,1 5,9 7,9 7,3 78,9 100, I:Transportation, Communication 6,3 19,8 16,8 8,3 55,1 100, J:Financial intermediation 4,5 5,5 6,0 6,5 82,0 100, K:Real state, business activities 2,8 2,9 4,4 5,1 87,6 100, L:Public administration 12,3 4,7 4,6 6,1 84,7 100, M-Q:Other services 15,5 4,4 6,3 6,7 82,5 99, BY COMPANY'S SIZE 100,1 12,8 13,1 9,6 64, Working alone 11,0 12,8 14,9 8,5 63,8 100, ,0 15,5 15,4 10,5 58,7 100, ,8 11,7 11,7 10,1 66,5 100, ,5 10,9 11,9 9,0 68,3 100, ,2 10,0 9,8 8,3 71,8 99, >=500 11,4 8,7 9,8 8,0 73,5 100, BY OCCUPATION 99,9 12,8 13,1 9,6 64, :Armed forces 1,0 4,2 8,3 14,6 72,9 100, :Legislators,senior officers,managers 9,2 8,2 10,4 8,6 72,8 100, :Professionals 10,4 6,2 6,8 6,8 80,3 100, :Technicians,associated professionals 7,5 8,3 11,1 7,5 73,1 100, :Clerks 26,2 7,2 9,0 5,6 78,2 100, :Service,shop,market sales workers 9,9 8,8 10,9 9,0 71,3 100, :Skilled agriculture,fishery workers 7,1 22,6 22,9 16,4 38,1 100, :Craft and related trades workers 10,4 18,9 20,3 12,0 48,8 100, :Plant,machine operators,assemblers 7,7 20,4 16,4 13,4 49,9 100, :Elementary occupations 10,5 26,7 20,0 14,6 38,7 100, BY FORM OF EMPLOYMENT 99,9 12,8 13,1 9,6 64, :Employment on permanent basis 42,5 11,8 11,3 7,7 69,2 100, :Fixed term contract 6,0 13,7 16,2 12,7 57,4 100, :Temporary employment contract 3,5 19,8 19,8 13,8 46,7 100, :Apprenticeship,training 0,8 17,5 17,5 12,5 52,5 100, :Self-employed 45,2 12,8 13,7 10,5 63,0 100, :Other 2,0 14,6 15,6 9,4 60,4 100, ,0 12,7 13,1 9,6 64,

27 TABLE POSTURE AND MOVEMENTS EXPOSURES. REPETITIVE MOVEMENTS Question: "How often does your main paid job involve repetitive hand or arm movements?" GREEK NATIONAL DATA CASE 2,2,2 Workers exposed to repetitive movements PERCENTAGE NUMBER OF WORKERS PERCENT >3/4 >1/2 >1/4 <1/4 TOTAL >3/4 >1/2 >1/4 <1/4 TOTAL TOTALS 100,0 43,8 17,4 12,3 26,5 100, BY SEX Male 63,6 42,5 17,8 12,4 27,4 100, Female 36,4 46,1 16,8 12,3 24,9 100, BY AGE 100,0 43,8 17,4 12,4 26, <25 13,8 41,2 15,8 11,4 31,6 100, ,9 44,2 17,9 12,4 25,5 100, >=55 10,3 43,8 16,2 12,9 27,1 100, BY SECTOR 100,0 43,7 17,4 12,3 26, A-B:Agriculture,fishing,forestry,hunting 7,4 54,1 14,4 16,3 15,2 100, C-D:Mining,quarrying,manufacturing 14,6 45,3 17,9 12,0 24,8 100, E:Electricity, gas, water supply 1,6 34,2 22,4 19,7 23,7 100, F:Construction 7,7 61,4 20,0 7,8 10,8 100, G:Wholesale 20,3 43,0 14,9 10,5 31,5 99, H:Hotels, Restaurants 7,1 49,9 16,4 15,2 18,5 100, I:Transportation, Communication 6,3 53,1 10,2 11,6 25,1 100, J:Financial intermediation 4,5 36,4 32,7 15,7 15,2 100, K:Real state, business activities 2,8 32,8 6,6 8,0 52,6 100, L:Public administration 12,3 35,4 14,2 13,0 37,4 100, M-Q:Other services 15,5 34,9 23,4 12,8 28,9 100, BY COMPANY'S SIZE 100,1 43,8 17,4 12,3 26, Working alone 11,0 45,1 12,1 12,3 30,6 100, ,0 47,0 17,5 11,3 24,2 100, ,8 42,8 16,2 11,8 29,1 99, ,5 36,9 17,3 11,5 34,3 100, ,2 39,7 18,0 13,2 29,1 100, >=500 11,4 40,8 24,0 16,3 18,9 100, BY OCCUPATION 99,9 43,8 17,4 12,3 26, :Armed forces 1,0 18,8 12,5 8,3 60,4 100, :Legislators,senior officers,managers 9,2 40,6 15,0 10,7 33,8 100, :Professionals 10,4 30,2 13,3 11,1 45,3 99, :Technicians,associated professionals 7,5 41,8 15,2 15,5 27,4 99, :Clerks 26,2 37,4 20,1 14,7 27,8 100, :Service,shop,market sales workers 9,9 34,1 19,5 14,9 31,6 100, :Skilled agriculture,fishery workers 7,1 54,3 13,8 16,1 15,8 100, :Craft and related trades workers 10,4 60,4 18,5 11,2 10,0 100, :Plant,machine operators,assemblers 7,7 59,5 16,6 5,4 18,5 100, :Elementary occupations 10,5 53,8 19,0 8,5 18,8 100, BY FORM OF EMPLOYMENT 99,9 43,8 17,4 12,3 26, :Employment on permanent basis 42,5 40,4 17,8 12,1 29,7 100, :Fixed term contract 6,0 50,2 17,2 13,1 19,6 100, :Temporary employment contract 3,5 43,7 16,8 12,6 26,9 100, :Apprenticeship,training 0,8 20,0 12,5 17,5 50,0 100, :Self-employed 45,2 46,3 17,1 12,1 24,5 100, :Other 2,0 50,0 19,8 15,6 14,6 100, ,0 43,8 17,4 12,3 26,

28 TABLE POSTURE AND MOVEMENTS EXPOSURES. STRENUOUS WORKING POSTURES Question: "How often does your main paid job involve painful or tiring positions?" GREEK NATIONAL DATA CASE 2,2,3 Strenuous working postures PERCENTAGE NUMBER OF WORKERS PERCENT >3/4 >1/2 >1/4 <1/4 TOTAL >3/4 >1/2 >1/4 <1/4 TOTAL TOTALS 100,0 32,4 15,2 13,2 39,3 100, BY SEX Male 63,6 34,4 15,7 13,6 36,3 100, Female 36,4 28,8 14,4 12,3 44,5 100, BY AGE 100,0 32,4 15,2 13,1 39, <25 13,8 28,0 18,5 12,9 40,6 100, ,9 31,5 15,0 12,7 40,8 100, >=55 10,3 45,1 11,9 16,6 26,5 100, BY SECTOR 100,0 32,4 15,2 13,1 39, A-B:Agriculture,fishing,forestry,hunting 7,4 66,2 13,8 12,1 7,9 100, C-D:Mining,quarrying,manufacturing 14,6 37,9 15,7 11,7 34,8 100, E:Electricity, gas, water supply 1,6 21,1 30,3 26,3 22,4 100, F:Construction 7,7 52,7 22,4 13,8 11,1 100, G:Wholesale 20,3 30,6 14,9 11,8 42,7 100, H:Hotels, Restaurants 7,1 28,7 15,2 13,5 42,5 99, I:Transportation, Communication 6,3 35,3 13,9 16,8 34,0 100, J:Financial intermediation 4,5 12,9 12,4 15,2 59,4 99, K:Real state, business activities 2,8 18,2 5,1 6,6 70,1 100, L:Public administration 12,3 20,7 12,1 12,0 55,1 99, M-Q:Other services 15,5 22,4 16,3 15,1 46,2 100, BY COMPANY'S SIZE 100,1 32,4 15,2 13,2 39, Working alone 11,0 38,7 16,8 11,1 33,4 100, ,0 38,0 16,9 14,1 31,0 100, ,8 28,1 14,6 14,2 43,1 100, ,5 26,3 13,1 12,8 47,8 100, ,2 27,1 11,9 10,9 50,1 100, >=500 11,4 22,7 13,2 12,2 51,9 100, BY OCCUPATION 99,9 32,4 15,2 13,1 39, :Armed forces 1,0 10,4 10,4 12,5 66,7 100, :Legislators,senior officers,managers 9,2 28,3 16,8 12,0 42,9 100, :Professionals 10,4 22,5 10,9 8,0 58,6 100, :Technicians,associated professionals 7,5 32,4 16,3 10,0 41,3 100, :Clerks 26,2 20,0 15,4 14,0 50,6 100, :Service,shop,market sales workers 9,9 21,1 13,0 13,6 52,3 100, :Skilled agriculture,fishery workers 7,1 66,0 13,5 12,9 7,6 100, :Craft and related trades workers 10,4 53,0 16,3 12,2 18,5 100, :Plant,machine operators,assemblers 7,7 38,9 16,6 15,0 29,5 100, :Elementary occupations 10,5 41,3 18,4 18,8 21,5 100, BY FORM OF EMPLOYMENT 99,9 32,4 15,2 13,2 39, :Employment on permanent basis 42,5 26,0 14,0 13,2 46,7 99, :Fixed term contract 6,0 29,9 19,2 12,7 38,1 99, :Temporary employment contract 3,5 36,5 18,6 9,6 35,3 100, :Apprenticeship,training 0,8 17,5 10,0 20,0 52,5 100, :Self-employed 45,2 38,4 15,5 13,2 32,8 99, :Other 2,0 37,5 16,7 14,6 31,3 100, ,0 32,4 15,2 13,1 39,