Green Jobs tools and guides for local economic development and small business promotion

Transcription

1 Green Jobs tools and guides for local economic development and small business promotion 23 June2010 Hotel Claridges, New Delhi Hideki Kagohashi Enterprise Development Specialist ILO Decent Work Technical Support Team for South Asia Green Jobs in the Inclusive Growth How our efforts to promote Green Jobs (quantitatively & qualitatively) can contribute to the inclusive growth scenario in India?

2 National Comission for Enterprises in the Unorganized Sector found that TheIndian economy isdominated by informalemployment in the informal sector(around 85 %as of ). 2. The net growth of employment ( to ) has been largely of an informal kind. 3. The growth rate of wages of almost all categories of workers has declined during to A large proportion of the Indian workforce and population (more than 3/4) continues to be poor and vulnerable with very low rates of improvement in living standards. 5. The growth that occurred has been unequal, concentrating its benefits among the top segments of the population. Green Jobs in the Local Economy -a scenario Access to (clean) energy for the poor Greener development of sectors with vast informality (incl. green & conventional jobs) Grid extension Agriculture Area-wide collective options HH level solutions Induced impact MSMEs Waste mgt & Recycling Building & Construction - repair & maintenance jobs - some manufacturing jobs

3 Informal economy & green jobs Induced impact Formal economy Informal economy Green Green Jobs Decent formalization Induced impact What ILO can do (1) Access to (clean) energy for the poor Grid extension Area-wide collective options HH level solutions - repair & maintenance jobs - some manufacturing jobs Given policy coherence is achieved ILO can support: gauging the labourmarket impact of selected energy projects and resulting skills gap Value-chain and business model dev Partnership required e.g., regulators, technology providers, training providers, financiers, market facilitators

4 Jobs created or lost? Introduction of green technologies Cost saving in terms of energy & waste reduction Technology supplier firms grow, creating more GJ Brown technology supplier firms decline, reducing brown jobs loss Alternative use of the waste may eliminate jobs previously dealt with sate Firms become more competitive Firms grow, creating more GJ Parts supplier firms grow, creating more GJ Demand for maintenance services grow, creating more GJ Parts supplier firms decline, reducing brown jobs gain gain loss Demand for maintenance services decline, reducing brown jobs Jobs created or lost? How about quality? Introduction of green technologies Cost saving in terms of energy & waste reduction Technology supplier firms grow, creating more GJ Brown technology supplier firms decline, reducing brown jobs loss Alternative use of the waste may eliminate jobs previously dealt with sate Firms become more competitive Firms grow, creating more GJ Parts supplier firms grow, creating more GJ Demand for maintenance services grow, creating more GJ Parts supplier firms decline, reducing brown jobs gain gain loss Decent Work Challenge Integrated approach to green, decent and profitable businesses Keeping jobs Demand for maintenance services decline, reducing brown jobs Conversion of brown jobs into GJ in the same firm/vc Alternative livelihood thru entrepreneurship & ALMP Absorption of the labour within the expanding segment of VC Alternative livelihood thru entrepreneurship & ALMP Compensating the loss

5 Opportunities & risks of 4 pillars of local economic development Dependence Subsidizing non-competitive firms Migration & brain drain Easy access by competitors Materialize the impact of access to energy into local economic develop... Access to (clean) energy for the poor Greener development of sectors with vast informality is NOT AUTOMATIC Calls for an integrated approach Need to work w/ various stakeholders incl. convergence w/ gov prog/schemes

6 What ILO can do (2) Given policy coherence is achieved ILO programmes& tools available: Local competitiveness & value chain tools Entrepreneurship, skills and MFI training Workplace enhancement & productivity prog. Support to expand social protection coverage Tools to address needs of vulnerable groups Greener development of sectors with vast informality Agriculture MSMEs Waste mgt & Recycling Building & Construction New ILO tools to be introduced Tools to assess the size of Green Jobs potential Sectoral(ILO-GHK guide) project level (under development) Tools to support Local Economic Development 1. for Green Jobs (policymakers guide/reader + practitioners guide) 2. Sustaining Competitive & Responsible Enterprises SCoRE (workplace & productivity programme) 3. Generate Your Green Business Ideas (a module of SIYB entrepreneurship programme)

7 TOOL 1: "Value-chain development for Green Jobs -an ILO guide" ILO svalue-chain manuals are being converted to a GJ mainstreamed guide, VCD for GJ Vol. 1: Conceptual reader Vol. 2: Practitioner s guide Pilot project of Jabalpur dairy sector as the basis for Vol. 2 development Case study available

8 Participatory VCD of the ILO what s the difference? VC in private sector is something to manage from a firms perspective: forward & backward integration ILO facilitate collaboration and synergy among a wide range of stakeholders across VC through social dialogue model ILO s VCD takes a systemic view of the market beyond VC itself (reflection of M4P discussion) Market system as the analysis framework

9 Focus areas of the dairy VC Quick process creates momentum Modules Build -up Hypo thesi s Work shop Startup work shop Interviews Focus group discussions Resu lts Work shop Pres entat ion Implementation 4-6 weeks 8-12 weeks

10 Participatory VCD ignited the reform mind among stakeholders Steering Group formed and recommendations taken up by relevant stakeholders to implement. Specific opportunities identified to benefit more than a few farmers (e.g., use of wasteland and networking w/ research inst. to address lack of green fodder, selling of calves instead of letting them die, help small farmers set up biogas plants for households thermal requirements with the government subsidy schemes ). More emphasis on information sharing to build on existing institutional capacities (e.g., government schemes, OSH services and tips, financial & non-financial services). Steering Group to enhance policy coherence at the local level Large enterprises lead firms & foreign buyers Industry bodies & Associations Supply industries SMEs & unions Value Chain Steering Group BDS providers & Consultants Banks Accreditation Agencies NGOs & Donor Agencies Government departments, institutes & initiatives

11 TOOL 2: "Sustaining Competitive & Responsible Enterprises (SCoRE)" SCoREsupports enterprises to strengthen collaboration and communication between managers and workers to: Boost quality and productivity Improve working conditions (HR, OSH etc) Reduce environmental footprint and make enterprises more competitive in national and global markets, thereby creating or protecting jobs in the economic crisis. SCoRE - Safer working environments before after

12 SCoRE - Higher productivity before after SCORE makes enterprises more competitive in national & global markets Organize your workplace Quality Workplace Cooperation Organize your people Productivity and Cleaner Production Two day classroom training for managers and workers Local experts for organization and intensive follow-up Worker / Manager approach to continuous improvement

13 SCoRE s Cleaner production module in collaboration with UNIDO Emissions Technology Materials Energy Water Products By-Products Hazardous Waste Heat Loss Solid Waste (trash) Wastewater 25 TOOL 3: "Generate Your Green Business Ideas" for green entrepreneurship Objective: Generate Your Green Business Ideasintends to help entrepreneurs identifying business opportunities in climate change issues and environmental problems and let them develop innovative ideas to solve these problems through profitable businesses. Development & pre-testing: Material developed based on the Generate Your Business module of the Start & Improve Your Business (SIYB) entrepreneurship programme Pre-testing in the E-SIYB Project in China

14 Generate Your Green Business Ideas sample pages from the workbook Other tools and guides of the ILO that can be combined with Green Jobs promotion ILO resource guide on the informal economy LED toolbox from local competitiveness assessment to thematic intervention tools Variation of SIYB: SIYB Level One for semi-literate KAB for entrepreneurship education at school GET Ahead for women entrepreneurship Start & Improve Your Waste Recycling Business

15 Useful websites of the ILO Green Jobs India site: en/wcms_123411/index.htm ITC-Turin s Green Jobs training site: LED knowledge website: Boosting Employment through Small Enterprise Development: en/wcms_doc_ent_dpt_see_en/index.htm SCoRE: -en/docname--wcms_101367/index.htm Informal economy resource guide: ct/informal.htm Let s work together to operationalize Green Jobs in the Inclusive Growth