Motivation. Learning Outcomes

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1 Motivation Learning Outcomes After successful studying this chapter You should be able to: Define the term Motivation, Explain Why motivation is important, Discuss the motivation theories of Maslow and Herzberg, Case Study, How to motivate employees and how be motivated? 1

2 Outline presentation What is motivation? Why motivation? Importance of motivation Better motivation How to be motivated? Theories of Motivation 2

3 What is Motivation The driving force within individuals by which they attempt to achieve some goal in order to fulfill some needs or expectation. The degree to which an individual wants to choose in certain behavior. Motivation is Complex Psychological Physical Unique to each and every person Context sensitive Not fully understood 3

4 Qualities of Motivation Energizes behavior Directs behavior Enable persistence towards a goal Exists in varying details Motivation as a process ENERGY DIRECTION PERSISTENCE It is a process by which a person s efforts are energized, directed and sustained towards attaining the goal. *Energy- A measure of intensity or drive. *Direction- Towards organizational goal. *Persistence- Exerting effort to achieve goal 4

5 Six C s of Motivation.. Challenges Choices Control Collaboration (teamwork) Consequences Constructing meaning Motivational cycle Need, Drive Goal 5

6 Self motivation Do it now Break up the task into small steps Don t wait for mood or inspiration Start action Solutions will follow if you try Motivational strategies Find new skills Develop & train them Get feedback on their performance Expand their ability to work Rotate their work 6

7 Motivational techniques Motivation Techniques Reward Employee Involvement Job Enrichment Quality of Work Life Motivational techniques Leads them Real examples are quicker than advice Way to influencing people Appeal to benefits Can motivate Shared benefits to both Appeal to emotions People act quickly to emotions Positive manner Sustained by repeated inputs 7

8 Motivational techniques Appeal to needs & wants basic needs satisfaction Creative expression, recognition & challenges & love Appeal to expertise Abilities enhance his self-worth Put best effort to seek approval Abraham Maslow s Hierarchy of needs Self - Actualization Esteem needs Belongingness & love needs Safety needs Physiological needs: 8

9 Abraham Maslow s Hierarchy of needs (cont.) Physiological needs Hunger, thirst etc., Safety needs To feel secure & safe, out of danger Belongingness & love needs Affiliate with others, be accepted & belong Esteem needs To achieve, be component, gain approval and belong Self-actualization needs Self fulfillment & realize one s potential If we fulfill our needs at one level, then we can focus on satisfying the need on the next higher level. Success seems to be connected with action. Successful people keep moving. They make mistakes. But they don t quit. 9

10 Self actualized characteristics Perceive reality accurately Tolerate uncertainty Accept oneself without guilt or anxiety Solve problems effectively Possess a strong social awareness Develop meaningful interpersonal relationships Relatively independent of environment & culture Self motivation Do it now Break up the task into small steps Don t wait for mood or inspiration Start action Solutions will follow if you try 10

11 Herzberg Hygiene Factors (extrinsic, environmental factors) Conditions Pay Status Security Company policies 11

12 Motivation factors (intrinsic factors) Achievement Recognition Growth/Advancement Interest in the job Motivation Hygiene Theory of Motivation Company policy & administration Supervision Interpersonal relations Working conditions Salary Status Security Hygiene factors avoid job dissatisfaction Motivation factors increase job satisfaction Achievement Achievement recognition Work itself Responsibility Advancement Growth Salary? 12

13 Motivating Jobs Through Job Redesign Scientifically managed jobs: boring, repetitive, few skills utilized. Job Rotation: employees are moved between two or more jobs in a planned manner. Job Enlargement: add more tasks of similar skill level to the job. Horizontal Loading Job Enrichment: add more responsibility and autonomy to the job. Vertical Loading Tips for Motivating Employees 1. Thank employees for good job 2. Listen to employees 3. Give feedback 4. Give rewards 5. Keep them informed 6. Allow for input 7. Training opportunities 8. Remember important dates 9. Have and abide by policies 10. Celebrate goal accomplishment 13

14 Case Study The manager of S & S Ltd. Realized that the level of moral and motivation of their employees was very low and there was dissatisfaction among the employees. Labor productivity was also found to be very low. After investigating the causes of dissatisfaction, the managers decided that if employees were to be motivated, there was a need to establish and maintain good interpersonal relation, over and above good salary, job security, proper working conditions and supervision. So they put in sincere efforts to improve all these factors during one year. Yet, surprisingly, they came to know that in spite of reduction in the degree of dissatisfaction, the level of morale and motivation was low and there was no significant increase in their productivity. Therefore, the managers are worried. What managerial problem is involved in the above case? Suggest solution and make argument to justify your answer. 14