Leadership: Leveraging Social Capital for Inclusion. Terrie Hylton, PhD, LPC Services To Enhance Potential RE:CON 2018

Transcription

1 Leadership: Leveraging Social Capital for Inclsion Terrie Hylton, PhD, LPC Services To Enhance Potential RE:CON 2018

2 Objectives Recognize the classifications and different perspectives of social capital in leadership Differentiate between strctral, cognitive and relational dimensions of social capital Formlate ideas for sage and development of leadership skills and personal social capital with inclsion of people with disabilities for policy and practice

3 Leadership Leadership has been defined as the process of inflencing the activities of an individal or a grop in efforts toward goal achievement in a given sitation (Hersey, Blanchard and Johnson, 1996) Leadership takes place in for contexts, are sed in different sitations and combined with other contexts Strctral Leadership Hman Resorce Leadership Political Leadership Symbolic Leadership (Bolman and Deal, 1997)

4 Strctral Leadership Bilding of Viable Organizations (Commnitarian Perspective)

5 Strctral Leadership Social Capital with local organizations (Chambers, Associations, Clbs and Civic Grops) Celebration of Commnity and Civic Society Working cross-prposes for society s collective interest Assme the postre of working for the benefit of all members

6 Hman Resorce Leadership Empowering and inspiring followers (Network Perspective)

7 Hman Resorce Leadership Importance of vertical as well as horizontal associations between people Bild an intra-commnity on strong prpose/mission/vales Give a sense of identity and bonding Be responsible for the range of otcomes and valable connections and bridges

8 Political Leadership Using interpersonal and organizational power (Instittional Perspective)

9 Political Leadership Vitality of commnity networks Social Capital is a dependent variable The capacity of the social grop to act as a collective is dependent pon the qality of the formal instittion in which the grop resides The political power of the social grop is also dependent pon the external accontability to civic society. Yo are speaking and behaving for something greater than yorself Inflential effects on general trst, qality services, committed investment and addressing society concerns

10 Symbolic Leadership Interpreting and reinterpreting the meaning of change (Contemporary Perspective)

11 Symbolic Leadership Facilitating positive developmental otcomes Creating conditions that prodce, recognize and reward Complementary to pblic and private frameworks Imbedded in field policies and changes Constantly developing and seeking changes and ideas Be on the forefront of movement

12 Social Capital Defined Social capital is the goodwill available to individals or grops. Its sorce lies in the strctre and content of the actor s social relations. Its effects flow from the information, inflence, and solidarity it makes available to the actor, social capital is fndamentally abot how people interact with each other. (Adler and Kwon 2002)

13 Social Capital Defined contined Social Capital is the aggregate of the actal or potential resorces which are linked to possession of a drable network of more or less instittionalized relationships of mtal acqaintance or recognition, made p of social obligations ( connections ), which is convertible, in certain conditions, into economic capital and may be instittionalized in the form of a title of nobility. (Bordie, 1986)

14 Strctral, Cognitive and Relational Dimensions of Social Capital Strctral dimension of social capital is tangible and can be more easily observed than the other dimensions of social capital. Cognitive dimension of social capital is the shared langage and codes that provide the fondation for commnication. Relational dimension of social capital are trst and trstworthiness, norms and sanctions, obligations and expectations, and identity and identification. (Engbers, T.A. and Rbin, B.M.,2018).

15 Leveraging Social Capital for Inclsion Strctral Social Capital Relates to the properties of the social system, the varios forms of social organization that make p society. It is the impersonal configration of linkages between people or nits. It is roles, rles, precedents and procedres. It facilitates collective action by making peoples behavior more predictable and beneficial. Together with incentives for conformity and pnishments for nonconformity provide a powerfl incentive for prodctive behaviors.

16 Leveraging Social Capital for Inclsion Strctral Social Capital contined It is a constrct of society, ths it is social organization that mostly resides in or minds (we have common nderstanding of the rles, roles, etc.) althogh some aspects are obvios from the instittions and the docments they create. Common nderstanding is freqently hard to articlate in precise langage bt is intitively nderstood by actors embedded in the social context.

17 Leveraging Social Capital for Inclsion Cognitive Social Capital It is the social setting, or cltre, that dictate how one shold act in any given setting or sitation. It relates to the proper ways of acting in a social system. It is the shared representations, interpretations, and systems of meaning among parties. It predisposes people to collective action. The norms, vales, attitdes, and beliefs involved in cognitive social capital rationalize cooperative behavior and make it respectable, and even expected. It incldes common nderstandings, shared langage, shared prpose, and belonging. Common vales and beliefs provide the harmony of interests that redce the possibility of opportnistic behavior.

18 Leveraging Social Capital for Inclsion Cognitive Social Capital contined. While the strctral dimension can be observed in tangible roles, rles, etc., the cognitive dimension is intangible as it relates to interpretations of what is appropriate, and attitdes and beliefs, i.e. what people think and how people feel. It relates to Bordie s theory of habits a set of dispositions, reflexes and forms of behavior people acqire throgh acting in society. Or Habermas theory of lifeworld the backgrond environment of competencies, practices, and attitdes representable in terms of one s cognitive horizon.

19 Leveraging Social Capital for Inclsion Relational Social Capital It relates to the personal relationships people have developed with each other throgh a history of interactions, and the natre of these relationships. It is the assets created or leveraged throgh relationships. It is the flow of resorces throgh interaction in social relationships. The key factors of the relational dimension of social capital are trst and trstworthiness, norms and sanctions, obligations and expectations, and identity and identification. This is not to be confsed with similar factors of the cognitive dimension since in the relational dimension they are embedded in, or relate specifically to, social relationships.

20 Leadership Contexts and Leveraging Social Capital for Inclsion Strctral Leadership: Bilding Viable Organizations 1. Bild the fondation of effective Social Capital 2. Attain technical mastery of Social Capital inclsion policy and programming 3. Design Strategies for growth of Social Capital for everyone in the organization Implement an effective Social Capital Campaign

21 Leadership Contexts and Leveraging Social Capital for Inclsion Hman Resorce Leadership: Empowering and Inspiring Followers 1. Believe in people 2. Commnicate that belief 3. Be visible and accessible 4. Empower others

22 Leadership Contexts and Leveraging Social Capital for Inclsion Political Leadership: Using interpersonal and organizational Power 1. Understand the distribtion of power within yor organization strctre and field (pblic and private rehabilitation organizations). 2. Bild Linkages with important stakeholders (e.g. schools, parent grops, administrators, MRS/BSBP, Veteran VR, bsinesses, chambers of commerce, manfactring associations, niversities, CRO s, city government) Use persasion and negotiation

23 Leadership Contexts and Leveraging Social Capital for Inclsion Symbolic Leadership: Interpreting and reinterpreting the meaning of change 1. Use symbols and metaphors to gain the attention of followers Frame experiences in meaningfl ways for followers Discover and commnicate a vision Maintain a relationship with the commnity yo serve (e.g. disability grops, school district, cities-conty governance, niversity for staffing, colleages) Model Social Capital inclsion on all levels to inspire others Lead by example

24 5 Ways CRO s Can Bild Social Capital 1. Engage, don't jst serve 2. Create opportnities for mtal spport 3. Nrtre networks among commnity residents and bsinesses 4. Spport associations and grassroots grops 5. Share the good news

25 5 Ways CRO s Can Bild Social Capital cont. 1. Engage, don't jst serve Of corse, nonprofits mst provide crcial services to meet the immediate needs of commnity members. However, if we can shift to viewing those served as asset rich participants and finding ways to engage them in helping themselves and others, we can generate more social capital. For instance, a job training program cold provide participants an opportnity to tor companies and practice skills they are learning as volnteers/interns.

26 5 Ways CRO s Can Bild Social Capital cont. Dring a commnity spports meeting a portion of the time cold be devoted to sharing needs and resorces. 2. Create opportnities for mtal spport Encoraging people to help each other is very empowering, and can help redce the extent to which relationships aren't dependent on the organizing grop.

27 5 Ways CRO s Can Bild Social Capital cont. Nonprofits can bild simple things into or practice, like spending time with introdctions, get acqainted activities and other relationship bilding processes. 3. Nrtre networks among commnity residents and bsinesses The importance of CRO position is to invest in local jobs being connected to and trsting local people; another good reason to engage with local bsinesses beyond asking for resorces.

28 3. Nrtre networks among commnity residents and bsinesses contined Bring local bsiness leaders into yor organization, and find ways for them to meaningflly connect with yor cstomers. For example, ask bsiness leaders to talk to yor Transitional/Pre-ETS yoth abot careers in their field or develop a lectre series providing tips to gardians, professionals and bsinesses on a variety disabilities, independent living spports, planning for retirement and new employment trends.

29 5 Ways CRO s Can Bild Social Capital cont. 4. Spport associations and grassroots grops Grops that operate withot any or very limited staff, and rely on volnteer leadership, are particlarly rich sorces of social capital. Yet sch grops can rn into practical constraints on their sccess, which larger nonprofits can help address. Some ways larger nonprofits can be allies for the grassroots: offer meeting space and facilities like a gym or pool; serve as a fiscal agent for neighborhood grops; or provide leadership training. Yo can provide a grop with some technical assistance, a mini-grant, and a place to store their spplies between projects.

30 5 Ways CRO s Can Bild Social Capital cont. 5. Share the good news Social trst and positive commnity perceptions were key factors in explaining positive otcomes in a stdy by the Knight Fondation, Sol of the Commnity Work. In addition to the relationship bilding nonprofits can help highlight the positive stories of the commnity's people and places. People in rban neighborhoods, are often negatively portrayed in "mainstream" media, and are eager to see more positive stories of their neighborhood. Simply featre good news on yor work in the commnity websites and e-newsletters, have photo of the week contests and have a local bsiness of the year recognition. It is all abot highlighting yor good work and being part of the commnity.

31 Conclding Thoghts Yor ongoing leadership in the field of Rehabilitation Services involves continal awareness of and activities in each of the for leadership contexts for social capital inclsion. Yor commitment to be a leader in Vocational Rehabilitation services means the long term commitment to the cycle of program designs, implementation, evalation, and redesign, sing each of the leadership contexts to secre the contined spport of constitents, fnding, commnity residents and bsinesses to bild a more inclsive and jst society. Terrie Hylton

32 References Adler, P.S, and Kwon, S.W. (2002). Social Capital: Prospects For a New Concept. Academy of Management. The Academy of Management Review 27: Bolman, L.G. and Deal, T.E. (1997) Reframing Organizations: Artistry, Choice and Leadership. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Bordie, P. (1986). The Forms of Capital. Pp in Handbook of theory and research for the sociology of edcation, edited by John G Richardson. New York: Greenwood Press. Craig, D., and Bigby, C. (2015). She s been involved in everything as far as I can see : Spporting the active participation of people with intellectal disability in commnity grops. Jornal of Intellectal and Developmental Disability, 40(1), Engbers, T.A. and Rbin, B.M. (2018). Theory to Practice: Policy Recommendations for Fostering Economic Development throgh Social Capital (2018). Pblic Administration Review, 78 (4), Hersey, P., Blanchard, K.H., and Johnson, D.E. (1996). Management of Organizational Behavior: Utilizing Hman Resorces. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall. King, N. K. (2004). Social capital and nonprofit leaders. Non-Profit Management and Leadership, 14(4), Power, A., Lord, J.E., and DeFranco, A.S. (2013). Active citizenship and disability: implementing the personalization of spport. New York: Cambridge University Press. Prsak, L., and Cohen, D. (2001). How to invest in social capital. Harvard Bsiness Review, 79(6), Van Asselt, D., Bchannan, A., and Peterson, S. (2015). Enablers and barriers of social inclsion for yong adlts with intellectal disability: A mltidimensional view. Jornal of Intellectal and Developmental Disability, 40(1), Van De Valk, L. J. (2008). Leadership development and social capital: Is there a relationship? Jornal of Leadership Edcation, 7(1),

33 Contact Information Terrie Hylton, PhD, LPC Services To Enhance Potential 450 S. Venoy Westland, Michigan ext (cell)