For the beginner there are many possibilities for the expert there are none.

Transcription

1 For the beginner there are many possibilities for the expert there are none. 1

2 Culture Meanings, values, and behavioral norms that are learned and transmitted in society and within social groups. Powerfully influences cognition, feeling, and self concept. 2

3 Ethnicity Social groupings which distinguish themselves from other groups based on ideas of shared decent and aspirations. These social groupings are also distinguished by behavioral norms and forms of personal identity. 3

4 Traditions Different cultures have developed different traditions for dealing with human experiences, like marriage or funeral ceremonies. Sometimes an individual chooses not to participate in his or her culture s traditions. 4

5 5 Aspects of Cultural Competence Open Attitude Self-Awareness Other-Awareness Cultural Knowledge Cross Cultural Skills 5

6 Cultural Competence Begins with an honest desire not to allow biases to keep from treating every individual with respect. Requires honest assessment of assumptions about others. Takes consistent practice over time. 6

7 CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS: Primary & Secondary Dimensions Adapted from Rasmussen, 1996 Employment Geographic Location Immigration Status Primary Who you are Secondary Your participation Class Economics Marital Status Political Context Parental Status Country of Origin Sexual Race Orientation Ethnicity Gender Age Military Experience Physical Qualities Language Education Spiritual Beliefs English Proficiency Income Literacy 7

8 Bennett Model of Cultural Competence NY NJ Public Health Training Center 8

9 Core Competencies ATTITUDES Valuing diversity Desiring life-long learning KNOWLEDGE Of oneself Of components of own culture Of different cultures SKILLS Partnership skills (communication) Observation skills Analysis skills ( scientific-mindedness )* Boston University Center for Psychiatric Rehabilitation 9

10 Cross Cultural Communication NY NJ Public Health Training Center 10

11 World View The complex of motivations, perceptions, and beliefs that we internalize and that strongly affect how we interact with other people and things in nature. This mostly consists of feelings and basic attitudes about the world rather than clearly formulated opinions about it. These feelings and attitudes are mostly learned early in life and are not readily changed later. 11

12 TEN UNIVERSAL STRUCTURES IN ANY GIVEN CULTURE (to meet needs) 1. Government 2. Family 3. Language 4. Economy 5. Religion 6. Social organization 7. Art 8. Education 9. War 10. Sports/recreation 12

13 PREVENTING PREMATURE JUDGEMENTS 1. How did I come to this understanding? How do I know that this is true? 2. Are there alternative explanations or opinions that might be equally valid in this situation? 3. How might my view of this individual s situation be influenced by my own context, for example, my age or generational experiences, my ethnic background, my socioeconomic status? 4. Might there be some information that lends validity to the view with which I disagree? 5. Might there be a positive, culturally related purpose for the behavior, belief, or feeling that I judge to be dysfunctional or unhealthy? 13

14 CULTURAL COMPETENCE Cultural competence begins with an honest desire not to allow biases to keep us from treating every individual with respect. It requires an honest assessment of our positive and negative assumptions about others. An organization can help its health care professionals begin to gain cultural competence through formal training, but for most people cultural competence takes consistent individual practice over time. 14

15 Individual Cultural Competence How would you group these objects? By shape? By color? By pattern? 15

16 Generalization or Stereotype? Stereotypes are ending points Generalizations are starting points 16

17 Individual Cultural Competence Bennett: Development of Intercultural Sensitivity Denial Defense Minimization Acceptance Adaptation Integration I am unaware of or haven t been exposed to cultures other than my own. I don t believe that I need to know about other cultures. 17

18 Individual Cultural Competence Bennett: Development of Intercultural Sensitivity Denial Defense Minimization Acceptance Adaptation Integration My culture is the only good culture. I see cultural differences as threatening and other cultures as inferior. I use defense mechanisms such as stereotyping to discount other cultures. 18

19 Individual Cultural Competence Bennett: Development of Intercultural Sensitivity Denial Defense Minimization Acceptance Adaptation Integration Elements of my culture are universal. I minimize difference between cultures and believe that human similarities outweigh any differences. 19

20 Individual Cultural Competence Bennett: Development of Intercultural Sensitivity Denial Defense Minimization Acceptance Adaptation Integration I recognize and value cultural differences without judgment, but may not really understand them. I am curious about different cultures. I begin to recognize and examine my own worldview and assumptions. 20

21 Individual Cultural Competence Bennett: Development of Intercultural Sensitivity Denial Defense Minimization Acceptance Adaptation Integration I recognize strengths and understand perceptions and behaviors of other cultures. I intentionally change my behavior to function more effectively in different cultures. 21

22 Individual Cultural Competence Bennett: Development of Intercultural Sensitivity Denial Defense Minimization Acceptance Adaptation Integration I value a variety of cultures and continuously define my own identity in contrast and in conjunction with a number of cultures. I move easily and comfortably in and out of varying worldviews. 22

23 Culture and Respect What are the most important things you want others to know about your culture or cultural groups? How do people in the cultural groups you belong to want to be treated? 23

24 Other cultures are not failed attempts at being you they are unique manifestations of the human spirit. 24