DEFINING POULTRY WELFARE INDICATORS AND THEIR USE IN A PROGRESSIVE WELFARE INDEX KEN OPENGART, DVM, PHD, DACPV KEYSTONE FOODS

Transcription

1 DEFINING POULTRY WELFARE INDICATORS AND THEIR USE IN A PROGRESSIVE WELFARE INDEX KEN OPENGART, DVM, PHD, DACPV KEYSTONE FOODS

2 THE FIVE FREEDOMS OF ANIMAL WELFARE

3 THE FIVE FREEDOMS OF ANIMAL WELFARE PROMOTE THE EXPRESSION OF POSITIVE BIRD BEHAVIORS WHILE LIMITING EXPRESSION OF NEGATIVE AND NUISANCE BEHAVIORS.

4 BEYOND THE FIVE FREEDOMS FIVE FREEDOMS DEFINE WHAT THE EXPECTATIONS ARE FORANIMALS IN A STATE OF GOOD WELFARE. ATTEMPT TO DEFINE GOOD WELFARE BY THE FREEDOM FROM NEGATIVE EXPERIENCES AS OPPOSED TO PROMOTION OF POSITIVE EXPERIENCES AND MEASURABLE OUTCOMES. MAY BE UNDERSTOOD TO MEAN COMPLETE FREEDOM FROM NEGATIVE EXPERIENCES WHEN IN ACTUALITY THE BEST THAT CAN BEACHIEVED IS THAT THESE EXPERIENCES ARE REDUCED OR MINIMIZED. FIVE FREEDOMS MAY CONTRADICT ONE ANOTHER SO IMPROVING ONE FREEDOM MAY ACTUALLY REDUCE OTHER FREEDOMS: - FREE RANGE MAY IMPROVE #5 FREEDOM TO EXPRESS NORMAL BEHAVIOR MAY COMPROMISE #2 FREEDOM FROM DISCOMFORT MAY COMPROMISE #3 FREEDOM FROM PAIN, INJURY AND DISEASE MAY COMPROMISE #4 FREEDOM FROM FEAR AND DISTRESS

5 THE ORIGINAL FIVE FREEDOMS AND FIVE PROVISIONS FOR PROMOTING FARM ANIMAL WELFARE FREEDOM FROM: BY PROVIDING: 1. THIRST, HUNGER AND MALNUTRITION READY ACCESS TO FRESH WATER AND A DIET TO MAINTAIN FULL HEALTH AND VIGOR 2. DISCOMFORT AND EXPOSURE AN APPROPRIATE ENVIRONMENT INCLUDING SHELTER AND COMFORTABLE RESTING AREA 3. PAIN, INJURY AND DISEASE PREVENTION OR RAPID DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT 4. FEAR AND DISTRESS CONDITIONS AND TREATMENT WHICH AVOID MENTAL SUFFERING 5. EXPRESS NORMAL BEHAVIOR SUFFICIENT SPACE, PROPER FACILITIES AND COMPANY OF THE ANIMAL S OWN KIND

6 ANIMAL WELFARE PROVISIONS AND DESIRED OUTCOMES PROVISIONS: 1. GOOD NUTRITION: READY ACCESS TO FRESH WATER AND A DIET TO MAINTAIN FULL HEALTH AND VIGOR 2. GOOD ENVIRONMENT: APPROPRIATE ENVIRONMENT INCLUDING SHELTER AND COMFORTABLE RESTING AREA 3. GOOD HEALTH: DISEASE PREVENTION OR RAPID DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT 4. POSITIVE EXPERIENCES: CONDITIONS AND TREATMENT WHICH AVOID MENTAL SUFFERING 5. APPROPRIATE BEHAVIOR: SUFFICIENT SPACE, PROPER FACILITIES AND COMPANY OF THE ANIMAL S OWN KIND DESIRED OUTCOMES: MINIMIZE THIRST & HUNGER AND ENABLE EATING TO BE A POSITIVE EXPERIENCE MINIMIZE DISCOMFORT AND PROMOTE THERMAL, PHYSICAL AND OTHER COMFORTS MINIMIZE SEQUELAE TO DISEASE AND WELFARE CONDITIONS AND PROMOTE ROBUSTNESS, VIGOR AND STRENGTH PROMOTE VARIOUS FORMS OF COMFORT, INTEREST AND SECURITY PROMOTE EXPRESSION OF POSITIVE BEHAVIORS WHILE LIMITING EXPRESSION OF NEGATIVE AND NUISANCE BEHAVIORS. MELLOR, 2016

7 THOUGHTS ON WELFARE ASSESSMENTS ASSESSMENT OF THE STATE OF AN ANIMAL S WELFARE IS A CONTINUUM WHICH TAKES INTO ACCOUNT BOTH THE PHYSICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL NEEDS OF THE ANIMAL. POOR WELFARE GOOD WELFARE IN ADDITION TO EXAMINING THE ANIMALS THEMSELVES, THE ASSESSMENT OF WELFARE SHOULD ALSO BE GUIDED BY: 1. WHAT RESOURCES ARE PROVIDED FOR THE ANIMALS 2. HOW THE RESOURCES AFFECT THE ANIMAL AND ITS CONDITION

8 TYPES OF WELFARE INDICATORS RESOURCE-BASED DESCRIPTIVE PARAMETERS BASED ON INPUTS OR PROVISIONS IN THE BIRD S ENVIRONMENT INCHES OF PERCH SPACE PER BIRD MAXIMUM NUMBER OF POUNDS OF BROILER ALLOWED PER SQUARE FOOT OF FLOOR SPACE NUMBER OF SQUARE INCHES ALLOCATED PER HEN IN EITHER A CAGE OR CAGE-FREE ENVIRONMENT OUTCOME-BASED/ANIMAL-BASED/EVIDENCE-BASED/SCIENCE-BASED OBJECTIVE MEASUREMENTS WHICH QUANTIFY THE IMPACT OF THE BIRDS ENVIRONMENT AND THE MANAGEMENT OF THE POULTRY HOUSE ON THE BIRD MORBIDITY MORTALITY BODY CONDITION INJURY RATE DISEASE RATE

9 TYPES OF WELFARE INDICATORS RESOURCE-BASED VS. OUTCOME-BASED CHICKEN WELFARE IS INFLUENCED MORE BYHOUSING CONDITIONS THAN BY STOCKING DENSITY (DAWKINS ET AL., NATURE 427: ) RESEARCH SHOWED THAT DIFFERENCES AMONG PRODUCERS/COMPANIES IN THE ENVIRONMENT THAT THEY PROVIDE FOR CHICKENS HAVE MORE IMPACT ON WELFARE THAN STOCKING DENSITY ITSELF. ENVIRONMENT = LITTER MANAGEMENT, VENTILATION AND AIR QUALITY CHALLENGES THE CURRENT REQUIREMENTS IN SOME PARTS OF EUROPE THAT RESTRICT FINISHING DENSITY ON FOOT PAD SCORES AT PROCESSING (RESOURCE-BASED METRIC)

10 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES RESOURCE-BASED ADVANTAGES EASY TO MEASURE TRANSLATE EASILY TO AUDIT OR REGULATORY REQUIREMENT DISADVANTAGES IN THE ABSENCE OF SCIENCE, THEY ARE SOMEWHAT SUBJECTIVE AND ARBITRARY SOMETIMES RESEARCH BASED, SOMETIMES NOT EVEN IF RESEARCH BASED ON SPECIFIC BREEDS AT SPECIFIC POINTS IN TIME INFLEXIBLE DON T ALWAYS IMPROVE WELFARE

11 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OUTCOME-BASED/ANIMAL-BASED/EVIDENCE-BASED/SCIENCE-BASED ADVANTAGES BASED ON SCIENCE/FACT ALLOW FOR GOAL SETTING AND CRITICAL LIMITS TO BE ESTABLISHED ALLOW FOR BENCHMARKING AND CONTINUOUS IMPROVEMENT BENEFIT WELFARE FOR THE BIRD IN A MEASURABLE WAY APPLY ACROSS MANAGEMENT SCHEMES AND GENETIC STRAINS DISADVANTAGES TIME CONSUMING TO DEVELOP MAY HAVE TO HANDLE BIRD TO DO ASSESSMENT EVALUATORS HAVE TO BE WELL-TRAINED

12 SUMMARY WHILE THE FIVE FREEDOMS SERVE A PURPOSE, IT MAY BE WORTH CONSIDERING DESCRIBING WELFARE BASED ON PROVISIONS AND OUTCOMES. CRITERIA THAT ARE OUTCOME-BASED/ANIMAL-BASED/EVIDENCE- BASED/SCIENCE-BASED GENERALLY PROVIDE A MORE OBJECTIVE AND MEANINGFUL IS ASSESSING THE WELFARE OF AN ANIMAL.

13 DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A PROGRESSIVE WELFARE INDEX FOR USE IN BROILER PROCESSING PLANTS

14 HISTORIC ANIMAL WELFARE MONITORING WELFARE KPIS ARE ROUTINELY ASSESSED - ON-FARM WEEKLY - IN-PLANT AS OFTEN AS HOURLY WEEKLY/MONTHLY/QUARTERLY AUDITS - ASSESS OVERALL WELFARE PERFORMANCE/COMPLIANCE CONCERNS WITH POINT-IN-TIME AUDITS: - INCORPORATE FINITE NUMBER OF OBSERVATIONS OF LIMITED, KEY CRITERIA - OCCUR WITH ALL PARTICIPANTS KNOWING THAT AN AUDIT IS OCCURRING - OCCUR INFREQUENTLY

15 HISTORIC ANIMAL WELFARE MONITORING DATA IS COLLECTED AND FILED AS HAND-WRITTEN, HARD COPIES ELIMINATING THE POTENTIAL TO TRACK AND TREND DATA COLLECTED THROUGHOUT THE PROCESS DATA ACCURACY TIMELINESS OF TEST PERFORMANCE TIMELINESS OF DATA REVIEW REAL-TIME DATA ANALYSIS DOCUMENT CONTROL VISIBILITY OF ANIMAL WELFARE PERFORMANCE

16 HISTORIC WEEKLY WELFARE AUDIT

17 ANIMAL WELFARE MONITORING FUTURE STATE? OBJECTIVE: BUILD A MODEL A DATA COLLECTION AND REPORTING SYSTEM USING KEYSTONE S PROGRESSIVE QUALITY INDEX AS A MODEL. PROGRESSIVE QUALITY INDEX: UTILIZES INTERNAL DATA COLLECTION SYSTEM TO MEASURE REAL-TIME QUALITY ATTRIBUTES/KPIS TO PREDICT FINISHED PRODUCT QUALITY CALCULATES QUALITY INDEX BASED ON: - REQUIRED FREQUENCY OF CHECKS - PERFORMANCE ON CHECKS - WEIGHTED CRITICALITY OF CHECKS

18 CHARACTERISTICS OF KEYSTONE S PROGRESSIVE WELFARE INDEX (PWI) INCORPORATES IN-PLANT WELFARE ASSESSMENTS: - ANIMAL HOLDING ENVIRONMENT (LIVE RECEIVING AND UNLOADING) - DOAS - ANIMAL HANDLING PRACTICES - EMPLOYEES - EFFICIENCY OF WELFARE PRACTICES EQUIPMENT - WING AND LEG DAMAGE - VIDEO MONITORING UTILIZES THE INFINITY-QS PLATFORM FOR DATA COLLECTION AND INTEGRATION WITHIN A UNIFIED DATA REPOSITORY WHICH PROVIDES NEAR REAL-TIME ANALYSIS AND REPORTING.

19 CHARACTERISTICS OF KEYSTONE S PROGRESSIVE WELFARE INDEX (PWI) CALCULATES A WEIGHTED PERFORMANCE INDEX WHICH DEFINES CURRENT SYSTEM ANIMAL WELFARE PERFORMANCE AND PREDICTS FINAL OVERALL WELFARE CONDITION OF THE BIRDS AT PROCESSING AND, ULTIMATELY, FOR A FINISHED PRODUCT TO THE CUSTOMER. OTHER BENEFITS: - REDUCTION OF PAPER WHICH REDUCES POTENTIAL FOR FOREIGN OBJECTS - REDUCTION IN DATA COLLECTION TIME - NEAR REAL-TIME DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS - IMPROVED ACCURACY OF DATA COLLECTION - IMPROVED DOCUMENT TRACKING

20 COMPOSITION OF THE CROSS-FUNCTIONAL TEAM PLANT OPERATIONS PLANT AND CORPORATE ANIMAL HEALTH AND WELFARE PLANT AND CORPORATE QA PLANT AND CORPORATE ENGINEERING PLANT AND CORPORATE IT

21 EQUIPMENT & INFORMATION SYSTEM PANASONIC TOUGH PAD WINDOWS-8 BASED ALLOWS PLANT TO CONTROL SECURITY AND IS ALSO COMPATIBLE WITH INFINITY-QS PLATFORM. INFINITY-QS PROFICIENT SOFTWARE PROVIDES SPC PLATFORM FOR DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYTICS

22 ACCESS POINTLAYOUT WIRELESS CAPABILITY

23 OUTCOME-BASED TASKS TEST CODE TEST DESCRIPTION HOLDING AREA Evaluate holding shed management and equipment PRE-TRANSPORT BROKEN WING Determine percent damaged wings on farm pre-transport POST-TRANSPORT BROKEN WING Determine percent damaged wings at plant CAGE UNLOADING Evaluate operation of unloading system SHACKLING ROOM Determine live birds that have fallen out of general flow SHACKLING ROOM Determine if shackling is done appropriately TRANSFER BIN Ensure there are no live birds in the DOA transfer bin DOA BIN VERIFICATION - QA Ensure there are no live birds in the DOA bin - QA DOA BIN - OPERATIONS Ensure there are no live birds in the DOA bin - Operations % NOT STUNNED Evaluate percentage of birds properly stunned % MISSED BY MECHANICAL KNIFE Evaluate percentage of birds properly cut % MISSED BY BACK-UP KNIFE Check for uncut birds that are not handled by BUK operator KILL ROOM Determine live birds that have fallen out of general flow SCALDER ENTRANCE Check for live birds entering the scalder CAMERA 1 - LIVE RECEIVING Evaluate operation of unloading system CAMERA 2 - LIVE RECEIVING Evaluate operation of unloading system CAMERA 1 - SHACKLING Determine if shackling is done appropriately CAMERA 2 - SHACKLING Determine if shackling is done appropriately CAMERA 3 - SHACKLING Determine if shackling is done appropriately CAMERA 4 - SHACKLING Determine if shackling is done appropriately CAMERA 1 - STUN/KILL Evaluate percentage of birds properly stunned/killed CAMERA 2 - STUN/KILL Evaluate percentage of birds properly stunned/killed CAMERA 1 - SCALDER ENTRANCE Check for live birds entering the scalder CAMERA 2 - SCALDER ENTRANCE Check for live birds entering the scalder NOTES Fan shed not operating properly; fans/misters not running Results are greater than program allowance Results are greater than program allowance System/Operator operating system as designed and program specs Check for live birds on floor or not returned in timely manner Check to ensure shackling is not done without excessive force Check for live birds in the DOA transfer bin Automatic failure Automatic failure Results are less than program allowance Results are less than program allowance Automatic failure Check for live birds on floor or not returned in timely manner Automatic failure System/Operator operating system as designed and program specs System/Operator operating system as designed and program specs Check to ensure shackling is not done without excessive force Check to ensure shackling is not done without excessive force Check to ensure shackling is not done without excessive force Check to ensure shackling is not done without excessive force Results are less than program allowance Results are less than program allowance Automatic failure Automatic failure

24 CRITICALITY WEIGHTING: LIVE RECEIVING AND PROCESSING TEST CODE TEST DESCRIPTION NOTES WEIGHT HOLDING AREA Evaluate holding shed management and equipment Fan shed not operating properly; fans/misters not running PRE-TRANSPORT BROKEN WING Determine percent damaged wings on farm pre-transport Results are greater than program allowance POST-TRANSPORT BROKEN WING Determine percent damaged wings at plant Results are greater than program allowance CAGE UNLOADING Evaluate operation of unloading system System/Operator operating system as designed and program specs SHACKLING ROOM Determine live birds that have fallen out of general flow Check for live birds on floor or not returned in timely manner 0.1 SHACKLING ROOM Determine if shackling is done appropriately Check to ensure shackling is not done without excessive force TRANSFER BIN Ensure there are no live birds in the DOA transfer bin Check for live birds in the DOA transfer bin DOA BIN VERIFICATION - QA Ensure there are no live birds in the DOA bin - QA Automatic failure 0.5 DOA BIN - OPERATIONS Ensure there are no live birds in the DOA bin - Operations Automatic failure 0.5 % NOT STUNNED Evaluate percentage of birds properly stunned Results are less than program allowance % MISSED BY MECHANICAL KNIFE Evaluate percentage of birds properly cut Results are less than program allowance % MISSED BY BACK-UP KNIFE Check for uncut birds that are not handled by BUK operator Automatic failure 0.5 KILL ROOM Determine live birds that have fallen out of general flow Check for live birds on floor or not returned in timely manner 0.1 SCALDER ENTRANCE Check for live birds entering the scalder Automatic failure 0.5 CAMERA 1 - LIVE RECEIVING Evaluate operation of unloading system System/Operator operating system as designed and program specs CAMERA 2 - LIVE RECEIVING Evaluate operation of unloading system System/Operator operating system as designed and program specs CAMERA 1 - SHACKLING Determine if shackling is done appropriately Check to ensure shackling is not done without excessive force CAMERA 2 - SHACKLING Determine if shackling is done appropriately Check to ensure shackling is not done without excessive force CAMERA 3 - SHACKLING Determine if shackling is done appropriately Check to ensure shackling is not done without excessive force CAMERA 4 - SHACKLING Determine if shackling is done appropriately Check to ensure shackling is not done without excessive force CAMERA 1 - STUN/KILL Evaluate percentage of birds properly stunned/killed Results are less than program allowance CAMERA 2 - STUN/KILL Evaluate percentage of birds properly stunned/killed Results are less than program allowance CAMERA 1 - SCALDER ENTRANCE Check for live birds entering the scalder Automatic failure 0.5 CAMERA 2 - SCALDER ENTRANCE Check for live birds entering the scalder Automatic failure 0.5

25 Welfare Index

26 Welfare Index

27 Welfare Index

28

29

30 Tests Performed Tests Not Performed OOS OOS Reason First Shift *See table below Third Shift *See table below OOS Information Date Shift Test Cause Action 8/1/ :07:04 PM First % Not Stunned Bird size variability Notify Live Operations 8/2/ :15:01 PM Third % Not Stunned Salt Level Unacceptable Notify Operations/Add Salt 8/6/ :44:50 AM First % Not Killed with Auto-Knife Guide Out of Adjustment Notify Maintenance/Adjust Guide 8/9/ :21:37 AM Third Shackling Rough Handling Re-train Employees 8/13/ :34:31 PM Third % Not Killed with Auto-Knife Guide Out of Adjustment Notify Maintenance/Adjust Guide 8/15/2018 3:24:25 AM Third % Not Stunned Salt Level Unacceptable Notify Operations/Add Salt 8/23/ :44:50 PM Third Cage Unloading Belt too full Re-train Employees

31 SUMMARY DEVELOPED ELECTRONIC DATA COLLECTION AND REPORTING SYSTEM FOR WELFARE ATTRIBUTES WHICH CALCULATES A WELFARE INDEX. THE CALCULATED PROGRESSIVE WELFARE INDEX IS BASED ON TASK PERFORMANCE TO STANDARD NUMBER OF TASKS COMPLETED VS TASKS SCHEDULED. TASKS ARE WEIGHTED FOR RELATIVE CRITICALITY TO WELFARE REPORTING IS DONE ON A NEAR-REAL-TIME BASIS REPORTS HAVE HELPED RAISE WELFARE LITERACY AND ELEVATE OVERALL WELFARE PERFORMANCE TO HIGHER LEVELS WITHIN THE ORGANIZATION

32 POTENTIAL ADDITIONAL AREAS OF INCLUSION HATCHERY - TASKS AND CRITICALITY WEIGHTING TEST CODE TEST DESCRIPTION NOTES WEIGHT CHICK PROCESSING/HOLDING AREAS Ensure holding areas are maintained above 72 o F Check ambient temperature thermometers SEPARATOR OPERATION Ensure separator operating properly No live birds traveling through separator into macerator SEPARATOR ROOM Determine live birds that have fallen out of general flow Check for live birds on floor or not returned in timely manner 0.1 EUTHANASIA EQUIPMENT Ensure euthanasia method is effective and operable Check for properly operational euthanasia equipment HATCH RESIDUE EUTHANASIA Ensure hatch residue is euthanized in a timely manner Hatch residue must be euthanized < every 30 mins CHICK PROCESSING AREA Determine live birds that have fallen out of general flow Check for live birds on floor or not returned in timely manner 0.1 CULL CHICK EUTHANASIA Ensure cull chicks are euthanized in a timely manner Cull chicks must be euthanized < every 30 mins CHICK INJURY Ensure chick injuries remain below stated goal of <0.003% Evaluate chick injury report for excessive injuries HATCH RESIDUE HOLDING Check for live birds in waste stream Automatic failure 0.5

33 POTENTIAL ADDITIONAL AREAS OF INCLUSION ON-FARM OUTCOME-BASED OBSERVATIONS LISTED IN OIE TAHC ARTICLE 7.1 MORTALITY MORBIDITY CULLING GAIT CONTACT DERMATITIS VOCALIZATION FEATHER CONDITION DISEASE INCIDENCE FEED AND WATER CONSUMPTION PERFORMANCE (FCR, ADG) INJURY RATE EYE CONDITIONS BEHAVIOR: FEAR BEHAVIOR, SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION, PANTING, WING SPREADING, DUST BATHING, FEEDING AND DRINKING BEHAVIOR

34 LONG-TERM GOAL CREATE A NEAR-REAL-TIME WELFARE INDEX THAT SPANS THE ENTIRE VERTICALLY INTEGRATED COMPLEX AND PROVIDES A COMPREHENSIVE ASSESSMENT THAT REFLECTS THE CURRENT STATE OF THE ENTIRE WELFARE CONTINUUM. ENHANCE TRANSPARENCY AND ACCESSIBILITY OF WELFARE INFORMATION; IMPROVE WELFARE LITERACY. ELEVATE WELFARE VISIBILITY AND ACCOUNTABILITY TO A HIGHER LEVEL WITHIN THE ORGANIZATION.

35 QUESTIONS