* ** * ** ( ) (person-environment congruence) (Parsons) (Holland)

Transcription

1 * ** * ** (methods) (direction) (person-environment congruence) (Holland) (Parsons)

2 Sharf (Assouline & Meir, 1987; Chartrand, 1991; Gati, 1989; Meir & Yaari, 1988; Osipow, 1987; Spokane, 1985) (Super, Savickas, Super, 1996) (decision-making style) Arroba, 1977; Harren, 1979; Johnson, 1978; Rubinton, (Phillips, Pazienza, & Walsh, 1984; Phillips & Strohmer, 1983) (Blustein & Phillips, 1990) (Krumboltz, Scherba, Hamel & Mitchell, 1982) (Phillips & Strohmer, 1982) (Gelatt, 1962 (Hilton, 1962) (Katz, 1966) (Janis & Mann, 1977) (Mann, Harmoni & Power, 1988) GOFER (Peterson, Sampson & Reardon, 1991) CASVE (career view) (Phillips, Pazienza & Walsh, 1984; Phillips & Strohmer, 1982) (Heppner & Krauskopf, 1987) (Cochran, 1983; Liu, 1998; Sharf, 1984) (Rubinton, 1980) (Elimination by Aspects Strategy, EBA) (Subjective Expected Utility Strategy, SEU) (prescriptive) (descriptive) (Tiedeman) (Mau & Jepsen, 1992) (Dinklage) 449

3 (Krieshok, 1998) 1996 (uncertainty) (an anti-introspectivist view) (Jones, 1989) 20.8% 7.7% (Newman, Fuqua & Minger, 1990) 9% 40% (Baumgardner, 1982) (1994) (1989) (indecisiveness) (chronic undecided) (Fuqua & Hartman, 1983; Newman, Fuqua & Seaworth, 1989) (the wis- (Krumboltz, 1992) dom of indecision) 1996 (1996) 450

4 (1998) 1. (grounded theory; Glaser & Strauss, 1967) (theoretical sampling) (interview guide approach; Patton, 1990) (constant comparison; Glaser & Strauss, 1967) (interactive synthesis strategy for cross-case analysis; Huberman & Miles, 1994) (analytic induction) (Goetz & LeCompte, 1984) (Patton, 1990) 451

5 (2x2) (n=9) (n=407) (n=824) (n=3) (n=6) (n=244) (n=159) (n=502) (n=314) (n=7) (n=2) (n=339) (n=67) (n=672) (n=146)

6 P5 P

7 (1) (2) (4) (3) (5) (2) (3) (4) (6) (1) (1) (2) (2) (1) (3) (4) (1) (2) (1) (2) (3) 454

8 (case-oriented) 1. (P13-16) (P13-114) (P13-115) (P13-14) (P13-15) 455

9 3. (internal reliability) 4. (external validity) (internal validity) (credibility) 1984) (Patton, 1990) (Goetz & LeCompte, (external reliability) 456

10 (P6 P13 P15) (P5 ) (P6) () (P5 P7 ) (P15) (P5 P10) (P6 P15) 1. ( ) (P5 P10) P15) P13 ) (P8 ) (P8) (P5 (P13 P15) (P6 (P8) (P7) (1) P5 P6 P7 P10 P15 457

11 P6 P5 P10 P15 P7 (4) (2) (P5) (P7) (P6) (P15) (P10) P5 P6 P15 P7 P7 P7 P13 P7 P8 P8 (3) P15 P6 P8 (5) P7 P8 P7 P6 P5 P7 P10 P15 P8 P10 (6) 458

12 3. P10 P13 (1) (P6) (P15) (P5 P13) () (P8) (2) (7) P7 P10 (P15) (P5) ( P13) (P13) () (P13) (P6) () (P5) (P15) (3) (8) P10 (P5) (P6 P8 P10 P15) (P5 P6) (P6 P10) (P5 P6 P8 ) (P6) (P8 ) (4) 459

13 (P13) (P5 ) (P5 P6 P8) (P5 P13) () (P13) () (P7) (P10) (P13 P15) P15 (P5 P7 P8 ) (P8) (P5 P6 P7 P10) (P7) (P5) (P13) () () () (P8) (P6) (P5 P10) (P13 P15) (P6) (P10) (P13) (P6) (P10) (P10) () () (P8) (P5 P6 P7 P10) (P7) (P5) (P13 ) (P8) (P13) () () 1. P6 P10 P5 P7 P13 P15 P10 P6 P7 P5 P13 P15 P8 P8 460

14 P10 P6 P8 P10 P6 P10 P8 / P8 P5 P7 P13 P15 P6 P6 P10 461

15 P5 / JP5 P5 P6 JP6 P6 P6 P7 JP7 P7 P7 J P15 P15 P8 LJP8 P8 P8 462

16 / J P13 J P13 P10 JLP10 P10 P10 P10 JL 463

17 P10 P7 P13 P15 (P7) P8 P10 () (P10) P15 P13 P5 P6 P7 (P6) (P5) P5 P6 P7 (P7) P10 P8 P10 (P13) (P15) (P10) ) () (P7) (P13) (P6) (P5 P6 P8 P8 P10 P8 P10 (P7 P10 P15) (P6 P15) (P6 ) (P15) P8 464

18 (P5 P6 P13) (P5 P8 ) (P6) (P6) (Gati, 1986, 1990; Tversky & Kahneman, 1974) P13) (P13 P15) (P13) () ((P6 Krumboltz, 1992; Miller, 1995) (Gelatt, 1989; P8 P10 1. (Johnson, 1978) (Harren, 1979) 465

19 Krieshok (1998) 466

20 1. (Cochran, 1983; Liu, 1998; Sharf, 1984) (Super, Savickas, Super, 1996)... (Osipow, 1983) (Spokane, 1996)

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22 tional decision scale-the career decision profile. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 36, Katz, M. R. (1966). A model of guidance for career decision-making. Vocational Guidance Quarterly, 15, Krieshok, T. S. (1998). An anti-introspectivist view of career decision making. The Career Development, 46, Krumboltz, J. D., Scherba, D. S., Hamel, D. A. & Mitchell, L. K. (1982). Effect of training in rational decision making on the quality of simulated career decisions. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 29, Krumboltz, J. D. (1992). The wisdom of indecision. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 41, Liu, S. H. (1998, Dec.). Do human beings really know what they value? Paper presented at the Seventh International Counseling Conference: Counseling in the Twenty-first century, Sydney, Australia. Mann, L., Harmoni, R. & Power, C. (1988). Adolescent decisionmaking: The development of competence. Journal of Adolescence, 12, Mau, W. & Jepsen, D. A. (1992). Effects of computer-assisted instruction in using formal decision-making strategies to choose a college major. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 39, Meir, E. I. & Yaari, Y. (1988). The relationship between congruent specialty choice within occupations and satisfaction. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 33, Miller, M. J. (1995). A case for uncertainty in career counseling. Counseling and Values, 39, Newman, J. L., Fuqua, D. R. & Minger, C. (1990). Further evidence for the use of career subtypes in defining career status. The Career Development Quarterly, 39, Newman, J. L., Fuqua, D. R., & Seaworth, T. B. (1989). The role of anxiety in career indecision: Impiications for diagnosis and treatment. The Career Development Quarterly, 37, Osipow, S. H. (1983). Theories of career development (3rd ed.). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. Osipow, S. H. (1987). Applying person-environment theory to vocational behavior. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 31, Patton, M. Q. (1990). Qualitative evaluation and research methods (second ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Peterson, G. W., Sampson, J. P., & Reardon, R. C. (1991). Career development and service: A cognitive approach. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole. Phillips, S. D. & Strohmer, D. C. (1982). Decision-making style and vocational maturity. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 20, Phillips, S. D. & Strohmer, D. C. (1983). Vocationally mature coping strategies and progress in the decision-making process: A canonical analysis. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 30, Phillips, S. D., Pazienza, N. J. & Walsh, D. J. (1984). Decision-making styles and progress in occupational decision making. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 25, Rubinton, N. (1980). Instruction in career decision making and decision-making styles. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 27, Sharf, R. S. (1984). Vocational information-seeking behavior: Another view. Vocational Guidance Quarterly, 33, Sharf, R. S. (1992). Applying career development theory to counseling. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole. Spokane, A. R. (1985). A review of research on person-environment congruence in Holland's theory of careers. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 26, Spokane, A. R. (1996). Holland's theory. In D. Brown, L. Brooks, & associates. Career Choice and Development (3rd. ed., pp ). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass. Super, D. E., Savickas, M. L. & Super, C. M. (1996). The life-span, life-space approach to careers. In D. Brown, L. Brooks, & associates. Career Choice and Development (third ed., pp ). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass. Tversky, A. & Kahneman, D. (1974). Judgment under uncertainty: Heuristics and biases. Science, 185, (1) (2) (1) (2) (3) (4) (1) (2) 469

23 (3) 4. (1) (2).. (3) (1) (2) (3) (1) (2) (3) 1. (1) (2) (3) (4).. (1) (2) 470

24 471

25 P6 JL J 1. P6 472

26 The Relationship among Decision-Making Style, Coping with Uncertainty, and Career Satisfaction in College Students SHU-HUI LIU* AND HSIAO-YU CHU** Department of Guidance and Counseling *National Chang-Hwa University of Education Chang-Hwa Taiwan R.O.C. **Fu-Hsing Commercial and Industrial Senior High School Taipei Taiwan R.O.C. ABSTRACT This study was intended to discover the relationship among college students' decision-making style, coping with uncertainty, and career satisfaction. The phenomenological perspective was adapted. Specifically, this study applied the theoretical sampling method to recruit participants, the interview guide approach to collect data, the constant comparison method to develop coding categories, and the interactive synthesis strategy for the cross-case analysis in analytic induction to detect the relationship among variables. Data were obtained from 9 college students, each of whom was interviewed three or four times, ranging from four to seven hours in total. Results indicated four decision-making styles (rational, intuitive, authorizing, and open) and two coping approaches with uncertainty (control and acceptance). The combinations of the styles and approaches resulted in three basic planning styles, namely pursuing control with rationality, pursuing easiness at one's pleasure, and accommodating to and accepting the reality. Cognitive adjustment, in terms of accepting limits, following wherever it goes, avoiding being shameful, and staying optimistic-minded, was applied along with all of those coping methods. The determinant factors in selecting coping methods included the importance of events, the attitudes of significant others, the characteristics of the methods, the nature of the situation, and one's subjective preference, intention, perceived possibility of success, and past experience. The perceived effects of different coping methods vary as a function of one's value-compromise, coping style, origin of life meanings, and retrospective approach. Cognitive adjustment was found to play an important role in maintaining positive feeling and evaluation toward one's coping methods. The findings confirmed the existence of diverse and individualized career views, and each of which was found to have its own values in promoting career satisfaction. The need to develop diverse and individualized career theories and practice was in call. Keywords: Gcareer view, coping with uncertainty, decision-making style, planning style, career satisfaction, career planning, career development 473