Safety Culture in times of Change. Reiner W. Kemmler Discussion with High Reliable Organisations August 2007

Transcription

1 Safety Culture in times of Change Discussion with High Reliable Organisations August 2007

2 Aspects of Discussion 1.Organisational Culture 2.Safety Culture Definition 3.Elements 4.Safety and Risk 5.Accident Analysis Models 6.Change 7.Resilience Engineering 8.Resilience Criteria

3 Organisational Culture Organisational Culture is a system of norms, beliefs, attitudes, regulations, roles and behaviors. The organisation could be defined as a system, consisting of hardware, software and liveware, regarding human factor models of description.

4 Safety Culture 1. Safety Culture is a specific part of organisational culture. 2. It is the sum of all safety-related assumptions and norms that are shared by the majority of an organisation s members, and which find their expression in the way safety is actually dealt with in all areas of the organisation. Swiss Reinsurance Company Safety Culture is the link between Organisational Culture and risk Reiner Kemmler

5 Safety and Risk SAFETY RISK Safety is a dynamic and complex state of a system, which leads to to non-safety-relevant events Risk is a dynamic and complex state of a system, which has the potential of leading to safety-relevant events

6 Accident Analysis Models 1. Single linear model Domino 2. Complex linear model Swiss Cheese 3. Non-linear, systemic model Resilience Hollnagel 2006

7 Change : Organisations Destiny NASA s lessons with organisational accidents (Challenger, Columbia and Mars Vehicle): Coping with FBC = Faster Better Cheaper or Timely- Effective- Efficient

8 Elements of Safety Culture 1.Integration of safety in organisational structures and processes 2.Joint optimisation of technology and work organisation aiming at the regulation of variances and disturbances at their source 3.Values and beliefs that further integrate safety into all work processes 4.Norms related to sociotechnical design principles (e.g. automation philosophy)

9 Global Components of Safety Culture Thaden Organisational Commitment 2. Managerial Involvement 3. Employee Empowerment 4. Reward Systems 5. Reporting Systems Senior management commitment- appointed safety manager safety action team- hazard identification/ risk managment- recurrent training- safety audit and assessment- accident and incident reporting and investigationpermanent fine tuning of the program (caution :best practice!)- emergency response plan (important: corporate crisis communication!)- documentation

10 Proactive Safety Management Strategy of Airline Safety Regulators (IATA- ICAO- FAA- JAA/ EASA- National Aviation Authorities) 1. Safety Monitoring Systems 2. Reporting Systems 3. Accident Investigation 4. Qualitiy and Safety Audit/ Assessment 5. Airline Safety Data Sharing

11 Resilience Engineering Resilience Engineering is a paradigm for safety management that focuses on how to help people cope with complexity under pressure to achieve success. Organisations continue to invest in anticipating the changing potential for failure. Woods & Hollnagel 2006

12 Resilience Criteria 1. Clear picture of risks and how they are controlled 2. Monitoring of performance, learning & change management 3. Continuing commitment to high safety performance 4. Internal communication & coordination Hale, Guldenmund & Goossens 2006