HOMEWORK 8. Understanding Business (MN 109) Answer Sheet. I. Key Terms Definition. Name: ID:...Group:... Lecturer:

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1 Name: ID:...Group:... Lecturer: Understanding Business (MN 109) HOMEWORK 8 Answer Sheet I. Key Terms Definition 1. Extrinsic Reward: Goal-Setting Theory: Hawthorne Effect: Intrinsic Reward: Job Enlargement:... 1

2 6. Job Rotation: Management By Objectives(MBO): Maslow s Hierarchy: Needs: Motivators:... II. Multiple Choice 1. In the Hawthorne studies, workers were involved in the planning of the experiments. This caused workers to: A. seek to become managers. B. demand additional pay. C. believe that management respected their ideas, which motivated them. D. have high levels of productivity, but show disrespect for the managers in their test area. 2. When Jeanne accepted a position with Riverway Corporation in St. Louis she felt nervous and uncertain. She was new to the area and new to the company. However, soon after she took the job she took advantage of an invitation to sign up for the company's softball team. She quickly made new friends and, through her new friends, learned about the city. Apparently, her new job satisfies Jeanne's needs. A. social B. esteem C. self-actualization D. physiological 3. Milo Bota lives in an Eastern European nation wracked by political and social unrest. He currently has a job and can afford a decent apartment and plenty of food. He is worried, however, that the job may not last and that riots and political unrest will throw the country into turmoil. Milo's concerns reflect the desire to satisfy: A. physiological needs. B. safety needs. C. social needs. D. esteem needs. 2

3 4. Theory holds that the average person likes work, and has a relatively high degree of imagination and creativity. A. M B. Beta C. X D. Y 5. According to William Ouchi, a management professor at UCLA, a distinguishing characteristic of Type A management (the American management approach v. Japenese Type J management approach) is emphasis on: A. Lifetime employment B. slow evaluation and promotion C. elimination of unions D. individual decision-making 6. Frederick Herzberg found that the factors which provided the highest level of motivation were those associated with: A. job content. B. level of pay. C. general working conditions. D. the style of management. 7. Winston, the CEO of Coultonne Chemical, is puzzled. His company offers relatively high, has safe working conditions, and has clear and consistent company policies. Yet his workers are not highly motivated. Herzberg's research suggests that Coultonne Chemical is having difficulty motivating its employees because it is focusing on: A. synergistic factors. B. motivating factors. C. altruistic factors. D. hygiene factors. 8. Until recently, ComPro Electronics produced personal computers on an assembly line with each worker performing only one simple task. However, about a year ago the company began allowing individual workers to assemble entire computers, test all of the components, and even install the software that ComPro includes with each of its computers. ComPro's new production method is an example of: A. job enlargement. B. roundabout production. C. job rotation. D. scientific management. 9. The fundamental purpose of MBO is to: A. give top management more freedom in setting long-term goals and objectives. B. implement a Theory X approach to management. C. involve all members of the organization in goal setting and implementation. D. reduce the amount of time managers must spend communicating with subordinates. 10. VP-Marketing for a manufacturer of educational products in Chicago, Illinois, Monk Eastman believes that employees motivate themselves and that he can only create the proper environment for self-motivation by setting goals with his managers, committing them to those goals, monitoring results, and rewarding achievement. Monk practices. A. XYZ 3

4 B. MBO C. AES D. VCR III. IV. True or False 11. Frederick Taylor's goal was to find the best methods of increasing the job satisfaction of workers. 12. Josh is a talented pianist, and has already won a number of awards. Still, he practices several hours every day, trying to reach his highest potential. Josh is motivated by the desire to satisfy his physiological needs. 13. Herzberg's research shows that the best way for firms to increase worker motivation is to pay workers a decent wage or salary. 14. Mike works for a company that uses managment by objectives. It is clear to Mike that some unexpected problems will make it very difficult to meet the original objectives he expected at the beginning of the current evaluation period. Unfortunately for Mike, one drawback of the MBO approach is that once goals are set, there is no opportunity to modify them. 15. In today's work environment, successful managers are those that maintain a consistent motivational approach for everyone. Comprehension Questions 1. Explain Taylor s scientific management? Describe the Hawthorne studies, and relate their significance to management?

5 Identify the level of Maslow s hierarchy of need, and related their importance to employee motivation? Distinguish between motivation and hygiene factor identifies by Herzberg V. Critical Thinking Exercise Please answer the following questions 5. In developed countries, people seek to fill social, self-esteem, and self-actualization needs at work. Give two actions that a companies or managers could take to fill each of these high level needs. What would motivate you?

6 Think about expectancy theory and how it works for you. What is something you really want? How likely is it that you can reach the goal? Will the hard work be worth the effort? For example: What do you need to do to accomplish the goal? Is it possible if you exert the effort? What intrinsic and extrinsic benefits will you get from accomplishing the goal? Don t Cheat in any form, or your marks will be Zero. 6