September 2016 S International Review of Social Sciences

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1 eptember 2016 nternational eview of ocial ciences Vol. 4 ssue.9 How Office Design Effect on Employee Performance in the estaurant ectors of Pakistan NAEEM AKHTA Lecturer; Department of Management ciences University of Education Lahore, Okara Campus, Pakistan naeem_akhtar46@hotmail.com MUHAMMAD ZEEHAN PEVEZ tudent of MBA; Department of Management ciences University of Okara (Punjab), Pakistan. zeeshantahirch@gmail.com MUHAMMAD TOQEE MEHMOOD tudent of MBA; Department of Management ciences University of Okara (Punjab), Pakistan. toqeermehmood@outlook.com HAFZ MUHAMMAD AZEEM AKHTA B (Mechanical Technology); Department of Applied Technology nstitute of outhern Punjab, Multan, Pakistan. hafizazeem75@gmail.com Abstract There are many variables that directly impact on office design that how to increase the productivity at workplace these variables directly impact on employee s performance levels these variables are office design, job performance, work environment and productivity. n this research researcher used the quantitative technique to collect the data from respondent and taking the sample size of 100. There are 20 questionnaires are prepared, make four questions from each variables and these questionnaire are filled from the restaurant sectors at the region of district Okara, Pakistan. Further in this study P software is utilized to calculate the alpha, correlation, regression result and to see the performance of all variables. Key Words: Productivity, Office Design, Work Environment, Job Performance. ntroduction Most of the people wastes their time within the frontier of environments and almost mostly people live intimate the environment, some of which mostly impact on ability level, way of psychology actions and performance. f there is better work environments are provided to personnel then they can do better work and provides better results or outputs, and organization can improve the level of productivity if they provide better work environment to their personnel. There are many buildings and offices around us but physical environment or neighboring have impact on our business, work environment play a major role to increase or decrease the level of productivity. f work environment is very good like offices buildings, then increase the level of satisfaction, otherwise we can loss the level of production. N Akhtar, Pervez, Mehmood, & Akhtar (2016) 324

2 eptember 2016 nternational eview of ocial ciences Vol. 4 ssue.9 Every organization has different types of employees and different contour of office for their organization. Every organization have different type of internal management and office design. The main objective of this study is that the office design have positive impact on employee performance and increase the level of performance, if there is good office design are managed then increased the level of productivity. t is especially in the banking sectors if good office design then increase the objective and productivity (hila, 2009). The paper office should be at that place where employee does more work appropriately. f office design correctly managed then they can increase the level of productivity and capture the full attention of employees because good office environment are provided to employees then they can perform better buildings stressing system, good air quality system can increase the level of productivity and capture full attention of worker (Haynes, 2008). This research was conducted on Netherland. There are many people who are dependent on offices almost round about six million. There is a five days in a week is working hours in offices. According to this study, there are fifty thousand office buildings those who are cover around about forty million meters area, which directly create impact environment. This office create negative impact because there is huge consumption of fuels, water, and generate of wastage. But this organization reuse their wastage material for other line of business. This reason see the acuity of the peoples on work environment, like quality of office building, health issues, and level of productivity of people and their desire of satisfaction and dissatisfaction. We will see some of the important points according to the user point of view. These are following: Those things which are the relevant to the employee performance. How we can appraise the employees and check the level of quality of work. When satisfaction level of employees are high they do perform better and effect positively on organization otherwise they effect negative impact on employee performance. Finally, this study shoes that how good offices and health increase the level of productivity. f there is good working environment provided to employees then they can perform better and increase the level of productivity (Duurzaamheid). There is much more cost is expand to maintain building for offices because offices are established at that places where easily access of everything are not available. o people spend much more money to improve the work environment for office and increase their productivity level. At the start point only low percentage almost 0.1% to 2% increase in productivity of the business due to spending amount to improve the work environment (Baizhan, 2000). Performance management is a topic whose discuss how we can measure the employee performance correctly. According to this study organizations can be attained their goals, when organizations perform in a better way and customers are also satisfied. o there is a most competence and success than the competitor. According to this study we will focus on that how organization can be satisfied the customers and fulfill their requirements and increase the performance level. Performance should be measured at individual level (Gregory, 2015). n order to define the actual size of office building and lighting system that makes the care of peoples and increase the level of productivity. When there is good lighting system then office worker can perform better worker and increase the level of productivity. n addition when lighting system are changing that effect on performance level. Cost directly effect on customers that directly influence on viability and change in lighting system (Juslen, 2006). N Akhtar, Pervez, Mehmood, & Akhtar (2016) 325

3 eptember 2016 nternational eview of ocial ciences Vol. 4 ssue.9 Today most of the people work in offices, there is a large part of people who are spent mostly of their times in office environments. According to this research it is conclude that offices building environment create positive or negative impact on employee performance. f there is low level of office environment then it is directly influence on human health. This research is focused on open office plan. Work is also play an important role in the life of mostly peoples. t is good for the benefit of the people who are work in the offices and dependent on offices they increase their level of productivity. n some cases we are also believe that some offices are also not fully recognize for research purpose, so there is no access available on those offices and they create negative impact on employee performance and their stress level (Bodin, 2012). Today the relationship between employees and employers are also ups and downs. There is mostly jobs opportunities for employees are also available who growing the world economy. The HM departments are also work for this purpose who recruit the talent employees for the organizations. When employees receives high level of salaries packages and bonuses they feel satisfaction and perform better work in proper way so increase the level of productivity. When the quality of environment is also strong then is directly impact on company ability. The employees are also work for good turnover for company or organization. There are many organizations in which employees are also looks many problem during working time. According to this study there are good working condition provided to employee to increase the performance. A survey is conducted to different people about this study how create productivity to increase employee performance (Leblebici, 2012). Now a days there are more competition in the era of business environment, administrations don t want to afford discarded their labor force in the offices environment. The most important factor for which we can directly influence to our labor force to working well in offices, and motive the employees to increase their performance. According to this study if office design establish in proper way then it create positive impact on employee performance, and increase the level of productivity. The study was tested in Egypt according to this if interior design of offices are managed accurately then increased the level of productivity. f interior design not properly managed then there will be no increased the level of productivity. nternal design of offices directly impact work environment and help to increase the level of productivity (Zeiny, 2013). Today lighting system directly influence on productivity and employee performance. When there is good lighting system in the offices then employee do perform better work in proper way. Human performance are directly relationship with viability and office environment. When the lighting system are changed it can t only directly influence on profitability but also influence on employee stress level (Haroon, 2005). Problem dentification n difference to increase the impact of nature, environment can also create negative effect on employee performance. There are many problems in office environment including lighting system, heat, sound etc. Unfortunately bad lighting system create a problem on employee eye, so their level of productivity is low. Thus the problem which accomplishes the more attentive within the air quality. Building feature that are the impact on health including air borne toxins and noxious chemical association with raw material and finished goods, products and services (Heerwagen, 1998). The open office plan has providing the solutions of the problems which are noise, lack of concealment, lack of communication, low team work, and flexible use of space. This research paper show the result of the training and see the impact of footraces, use of work space and employee personally control over the work (Leea, 2005). The ability of organization is sustain people on work environment have directly positively and negatively impact on employee performance and their work place environment. About some factor who keep active people busy on productivity. However more suitable work environment conditions improving the employee performance level and their productivity. n many organizations the working positions that are currently continues in the organizations are lack of security against the health, means there are many N Akhtar, Pervez, Mehmood, & Akhtar (2016) 326

4 eptember 2016 nternational eview of ocial ciences Vol. 4 ssue.9 health diseases incurred, some of which are not proper closing and there are more noise which create negative impact on employee performance and their level of productivity. ome of the peoples are working in very precarious situation so their level of performance are also decrease and they face many health problems, so it cause to more truancy of employees due to which their level of performance are also low which create negative impact on organization. There are many organizations for which the employee are dislike to their work so that would be created bad impact on work environment and it increase the problem related to the physical factors. According to peach and slide the employees gives the more importance to their work whether it may be positively or negatively. t mainly focus on that the employee have lack of interest, poor working condition and more absenteeism that directly caused to decreased the employee productivity. T decline to complains of and improving the working environment has been consists with job satisfaction of the employees. The observations of the employees on working conditions office quality and building, as well as the health problem which disappointed the level of performance and decrease the level of productivity. The offices buildings and working environment directly impact on employee performance if these things are not good or not in proper form then employee don t perform better and not increase the level of productivity. According to this there are many health complaint are registered by employees due to which their level of performance are also decreased. Problem tatement The problem in this study is that the organization provide the lack of infrastructure system and provide low services, low communication system and no provide the health safety system of employee. n other words some of the employee working in very dangerous situation due to this condition employee productivity is very low and many workers faces the health problem. esearch Objectives To describe the relationship between office design and productivity. To define the impact of work environment on productivity. To investigate the impact of job performance on productivity. esearch Questions What is the relationship between office design and productivity? What is the impact of work environment on productivity? What is the impact of job performance on productivity? ignificance of tudy The importance and impact of good office design on employee productivity is also defined in this research. HM (Human esource Management) department are also well known and conscious about this problem and also know the importance of employees. f we talk about Pakistan there is only few researchers who discuss about this topic, there is a little bit researcher who are define this context in HM (Human esource Management). There is a little bit researchers who found the position of office design on employee productivity level in the field of human resource management. There is a large level of space needs to be filled by new researchers in the field of HM (Human esource Management). n Pakistan, physical environment of work and its related problem statements are initially ignore. o it is verify that there is low value to office profile, rewards, helping and motivation level are also not available to employees. The problem is that they can t even do complaint about them. These issue N Akhtar, Pervez, Mehmood, & Akhtar (2016) 327

5 eptember 2016 nternational eview of ocial ciences Vol. 4 ssue.9 directly impact on employee performance level at very high level. According to this study you should do more struggle to search out the impact of office design in term of office stationary, infection, noise these are developed on employee performance. Literature eview t is shows that office design has positive impact on employee s performance. The researcher was conducted the research in restaurant sectors of Pakistan at Okara city, Pakistan, and used the P software. The purpose of this is that to search out the connection between office shapes and level of productivity, good office shape help to increase the level of productivity. n this study the researcher used the correlation techniques to found that there is big gap in the research which is need to be filled it. Further this study found that good lighting system, equipment, sounds, temperature create impact on productivity. n this research the population size is 31, and data are collected from respondent through questionnaire which is conclude that office design has significant impact on employee productivity (hehla, 2009). Office design directly impact on employee performance, so good office design create positive effect on employee performance. The research was conducted at UA, There are uses qualitative and quantitative techniques to see the link among office work clash and their returns such as presentation, business, absence, job commitment, and revived the major impact on work productivity decrease the clash. n this study questionnaire are also developed through male and female accountants to judge the satisfactory level. The study shows that there is positive correlation in job or work performance (Ozeki, 1999). The survey was conducted in many offices that are continue for workplaces, it is found that the office environment and work fulfillment are the main factors who create impact on productivity. The research was conducted at UK, The researcher s collects data in the form of questionnaires and using the (AHP) software. The researcher have main attention on work environment and the level of productivity. The research conclude that we can increase the productivity through self-valuation and improving the office atmosphere situations around about 10%.The returns of this study is that the work environment create positive impact on employee performance (Baizhan, 2000). The research shows that work environment create good impact on employee productivity. This research was conducted at Germany, According to this when a person reached around about 50 years of age their level of performance goes to decrease, in some of ways their mental ability also decrease as compare to younger age, but it is reality that more age. People have more work experience but their work memory and slow down to learn the work at the stage of 50 years, so their level of performance may be decrease. The outcome of this study is that work environment have important impact on productivity (kirbekk, 2003). The study shows that training of employees create positive impact on employee performance. The research was conducted at Germany, questionnaire techniques are uses, and it shows that if we are properly trained the employees then they can rerun back good outcomes. Further this research was conducted in 550 organizations from 42 countries. t is conclude that good employees training create the positive impact on employee performance (Zwick). This research explain that good employee participation have crate positive impact on employees performance. n this research the researcher used regression analysis which is decrease the employee absenteeism and their level of performance. The research was conducted in United tates to measure the employee performance. n this study questionnaire techniques are also used to collects the data to know the employee attitude about the organization. The result shows that regularly work of employees create important impact on productivity (Associates, 1986). The study shows that work environment create positive impact on employee stress level. N Akhtar, Pervez, Mehmood, & Akhtar (2016) 328

6 eptember 2016 nternational eview of ocial ciences Vol. 4 ssue.9 The research was conducted at United states, according to this study there are telephonic survey was conducted randomly U employees, in this survey it is shows that there are many health problem at workforce due to which decrease the level of productivity (tewart, 2006). t is shows that workplace environment and management skills increase the employee s performance. The main objective of conducting this research is to increase the level of employee s productivity after using minimum resources. n this research a survey was conducted through questionnaire and used the correlation method, an ANOVA (Analysis of variance) software is used, and the sample size of this study is The main objective of this study is to know about working environment and homogenizes work. We will conclude that there is difference between standardized work environment and healthy work environment which effects on variables (Lewis, 2011). Job performance have directly impact on work productivity. The researcher used the questionnaire techniques to collects the data about organization employees. The level of employees performance depend on employee presence if employees are more absent in the work then their performance level also decline which create bad impact on organizations. The main objective of this is to increase the employee performance at workforce (Lerner, 2008). The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of office environment on productivity. n this study it is shows that office design have important impact on employee performance or level of productivity. When employers provides safely and good working environment to employees they perform better and increase the organization outputs. The researcher conducted the research in England, there are survey conducted through which questionnaire techniques are also used to collect the data from respondent. We will conclude that work environment have directly impact on employees satisfaction level, work environment, and productivity (Haynes B., 2008). t is shows that office layout creates directly impact on organization productivity. f off ice design designs are shape in properly then it crate good impact otherwise it creates negative impact on employee s performance. Office design creates impact directly on productivity because office design is the key to success in the businesses. According to this study some parts of the offices are not properly explain so it create impact on productivity. The data was collected through questionnaire techniques in which it shows that the Executives are responsible for office design and level of productivity (Haynes B., 2008). According to this study office comfort impact have important impact on productivity. The questionnaire are developed and conducted a survey from different ranges of people. The main purpose of this study is that office comfort create negatively impact on employee productivity because employees not perform their work properly due to which they are fail to increase the level of productivity. n other way lighting are very important aspect in the work environment because when lighting system is properly manage in the offices then employee perform better work and their productivity is increased. We will conclude that productivity are affected due to office environment, structure (Barry, 2008). t is shows that work environment creates positives impacts on employee s performance. The researcher was conducted this research at UA. The objective of this study is that organizations gives more attention to captures goals at workplace so if the organizational working environment is better than employees can perform better and achieved their goals properly and increased the level of performance. A survey was conducted and collects the data from 234 accountant in different organizations. A questionnaire survey are also conducted form different peoples workers, participants. There are 1122 questionnaire are also dispersed out of which some responses are also receives by the organization. n this study a survey was conducted to see the main difference between work environment and productivity. According to this if employees gives more attention to work then they can capture the actual outcomes (Westerman, 2007). The research shows that lighting have positive impact on productivity. The research was conducted at lovenia. The research shows that productivity will also increase through the employee s performance. f N Akhtar, Pervez, Mehmood, & Akhtar (2016) 329

7 eptember 2016 nternational eview of ocial ciences Vol. 4 ssue.9 there is good lighting system, good workplace structure then employees can perform better and increased the productivity. The researcher distribute a questionnaire, conduct the meetings and also conduct unofficial interview to collect the data. t is conclude that when lighting systems are properly managed then there are increase the employee performance and productivity (Juslén, 2006). n this research the researcher explain the relationship between workplace environments on employee s productivity. The researcher was conducted the research in the area of Turkey. The research shows that good working environment create positive impact on employee s performance and increase their productivity. The data was analysis through correlation method. The researcher distribute questionnaire and collects data from 2000 peoples which shows that if there is less absence of employees at workplace then the productivity of the organization will be increased. The analysis of this study conclude that good working environment have positive impact on productivity (Leblebici, 2012). esearch Model Office Design Work Environment Productivity Job Performance esearch Hypothesis H1: There is a positive relationship between office design and productivity. H2: There is a positive relationship between work environment and productivity. H3: There is a positive relationship between job performance and productivity. esearch Methodology The research was conducted to determine the impact on office design, work environment, job performance on employee s productivity. n this study the research was conducted at Abbottabad in the city of Pakistan, the main objective is to identify the office structure, environment and to identify the main benefits of work structure. The researcher conducted the research and collected the information in various restaurants in the district Okara, Pakistan. The researcher used the sample size of 100 employees in different types of restaurants in Pakistan. esearcher distributes the questionnaire and collect the data from employees in the restaurant sectors in the area of district Okara Pakistan, further more researcher collect the data through observation. n this study correlation techniques are also used that crate positive impact on all the variables. The researcher used the descriptive methodology to collect the data through questionnaire and conducted the employee s interview. The researcher used the quantitative techniques and makes the 20 questionnaire and he ask four question on each variable, these question depend on the employee s performance, office structure, anxiety level, working situation, and productivity. N Akhtar, Pervez, Mehmood, & Akhtar (2016) 330

8 eptember 2016 nternational eview of ocial ciences Vol. 4 ssue.9 n Pakistan there are very few researcher who research on this topic, so it is new topic and fill the gap in our country. n this study the researcher personally collect the data from co-workers, traders, administrator, firm s customer and working employees, and material provider agencies. The researcher used the P software to measure the relationship on office design and productivity. The data that are subjectively collectively are also measure through questionnaire. The questionnaire consist on one to four that shows how much extent increase the productivity (Amina, 2009). Population The questionnaire was distributed between the employees of restaurant and collected the data in the district Okara in Pakistan. ampling Techniques The imple random sampling techniques are also used to collect the data from the population. ample size The questionnaire was dispersed between 100 employees in the restaurants in the district Okara, Pakistan. esearch tool/instrument There are structured questionnaire are also adopt and then change it according to the requirement of study and collect the data from different employees of restaurants in district Okara, Pakistan. Data collection A survey techniques are also used to collect the data from different types of employees, and questionnaires are also fill individually from employees. Data Analysis Method P (tatistical Package for ocial ciences) sixteen version is used to analyze the data. When we are collected proper data from our respondent then we will apply it at P software to calculate the correct results. Consistency of the questionnaire can also be reviewed by Cronbach s Alpha test. There are numerous correlation and regression methods are used to show that how independent variable effected to the dependent variable. esult of eliability Analysis eliability analysis are used to show all the features of variables of office design, work environment, job performance, and productivity. eliability analysis shows the Cronbach s Alpha and number of items values in table. The value of alpha is.730 by using of 20 number of items which shows that the results are beneficial and good. eliability tatistics Cronbach's Alpha No of tems N Akhtar, Pervez, Mehmood, & Akhtar (2016) 331

9 eptember 2016 nternational eview of ocial ciences Vol. 4 ssue.9 esult of Correlation Analysis n this study it is considered that the value of correlation is less than 0.05 that will shows that the results are significant. n this research office design is also associated with the value of which shows that results are more significant. n this result work environment is also correlated with productivity with the value of.119 which is shows that results are not accurate or significant. Further in this analysis job performance is correlated with productivity with the value of.001 which is shows that results are significant and correct. Correlations OD WE JP P Pearson Correlation **.444 **.410 ** OD ig. (2-tailed) N Pearson Correlation.330 ** **.157 WE ig. (2-tailed) N Pearson Correlation.444 **.313 ** ** JP ig. (2-tailed) N Pearson Correlation.410 ** ** 1 P ig. (2-tailed) N **. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed). esults of egression Analysis n the regression analysis F value is more than five. n this research F value is which is more than 5. The level of importance is and the adjusted value of is.170. The study explain the results when other elements remain persistent. Further this study shows that if 1% change in office design, work environment, job performance this will amplified by 7.770%. ANOVA a Model um of quares Df Mean quare F ig. 1 egression b esidual Total a. Dependent Variable: P b. Predictors: (Constant), JP, WE, OD Model ummary Model quare Adjusted quare td. Error of the Estimate a a. Predictors: (Constant), JP, WE, OD N Akhtar, Pervez, Mehmood, & Akhtar (2016) 332

10 eptember 2016 nternational eview of ocial ciences Vol. 4 ssue.9 egression esult and Analysis Hypothesis Testing Office Design The regression result shows that office design has positively impact on productivity. Because the outcomes of office design is less than 0.05 with the beta value.331 and create the hypothesis of H1. Work Environment The regression result shows that there is no positive relationship between work environment and productivity. Because the value of outcomes of work environment is higher than 0.05 so here hypothesis 2 is rejected. Job Performance The regression result shows that there is no positive relationship between job performance and productivity. Because the value outcomes is higher than 0.05 so the hypothesis 3 is rejected. Coefficients a Model Unstandardized Coefficients tandardized Coefficients t ig. B td. Error Beta (Constant) OD WE JP a. Dependent Variable: P Discussion and Conclusion The objective of this study is that office design has significantly impact on employee s performance in the restaurant sectors of Pakistan. This study proved that good office design, infrastructure, proper work environment, good performance level, will also increase the productivity. Further in this study quantitative techniques are also used, and questionnaires are distributed to different types of employees of restaurants to collect the proper information about this study and results are intended according to collected data. The fallouts of this study is originate with regression analysis. The regression analysis which is less than 5 is supported and accepted other not accepted. n this study the regression analysis of office is less than 5 so it accepted, other both work environment and job performance is higher than 5 so it is not supported. Finally we will conclude that office design has significant impact on productivity, and work environment and job performance has no significant impact on employee performance. t is proved that good office design always increase the level of productivity. Limitations and Future Direction The study have some limitations and it will auxiliary prolonged to find out the relationship between work environment, job performance and productivity. n this study the sample size is narrow because there is only limited area is selected to collect the information, so there is a need to increase the sample size, change the sector and broad the research area to collect the information and fill the gap. N Akhtar, Pervez, Mehmood, & Akhtar (2016) 333

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