What is next in the post-paris world?

Transcription

1 What is next in the post-paris world? Implementation and activities before Working together on implementation of the Paris Climate Agreement in Georgia 02 February 2017, Tbilisi Tomasz Chruszczow, Chair of the SBI UNFCCC

2 Acknowledgments A number of slides developed by the UNFCCC Secretariat and some other institutions have been used with original formatting left unchanged, including: 1) Presentations by Adaptation Programme for the LEG and AC meetings 2) Concept of economic diversification in the context of response measures presentation of UNFCCC Secretariat s Technical Paper Kusum Lata PhD

3 127 ratifications out of 193 who signed (01 February 2017)

4 Preamble to the Agreement Being Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, hereinafter referred as the Convention, Pursuant to the Durban Platform for Enhanced Action established by decision 1/CP.17 of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention at its seventeenth session, In pursuit of the objective of the Convention, and being guided by its principles, including the principle of equity and common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities, in the light of different national circumstances, Recognizing the need for an effective and progressive response to the urgent threat of climate change on the basis of the best available scientific knowledge, It is under the Convention UNFCCC, and is open to UNFCCC parties Durban Platform (1/CP.17) applicable to all, protocol, agreement or other outcome with legal force, Objective of the Convention, and its principles do not change, including CBDR-RC referred to different national circumstances not anexes, Science will be telling what needs to be done,

5 Preamble to the Agreement Also recognizing the specific needs and special circumstances of developing country Parties, especially those that are particularly vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change, as provided for in the Convention, Taking full account of the specific needs and special situations of the least developed countries with regard to funding and transfer of technology, Recognizing that Parties may be affected not only by climate change, but also by the impacts of the measures taken in response to it, Specific needs and special circumstances of additional safeguard, to take into account developing countries Least Developed Countries the need to provide them with MOI - funding and transfer of technology, Response (Mitigation) measures can also impact sectors, regions, Parties (ALL)

6 Preamble to the Agreement Emphasizing the intrinsic relationship that climate change actions, responses and impacts have with equitable access to sustainable development and eradication of poverty, Recognizing the fundamental priority of safeguarding food security and ending hunger, and the particular vulnerabilities of food production systems to the adverse impacts of climate change, Taking into account the imperatives of a just transition of the workforce and the creation of decent work and quality jobs in accordance with nationally defined development priorities, Climate change actions enable equitable access to sustainable development and poverty eradication remains a priority Food security - agriculture is particularly vulnerable and needs protection, Just transition of work force, creation of descent jobs nationally defined development remain priorities

7 Preamble to the Agreement Acknowledging that climate change is a common concern of humankind, Parties should, when taking action to address climate change, respect, promote and consider their respective obligations on human rights, the right to health, the rights of indigenous peoples, local communities, migrants, children, persons with disabilities and people in vulnerable situations and the right to development, as well as gender equality, empowerment of women and intergenerational equity, Recognizing the importance of the conservation and enhancement, as appropriate, of sinks and reservoirs of the greenhouse gases referred to in the Convention, Human rights/equity health, indigenous peoples, local communities, immigrants, children, persons with disabilities etc. they have all the right to access development, be treated equally, observing rights of women and intergenerational equity, Forests, soil, farmlands, which are sinks and reservoirs of the GHG referred to in the Convention as important as technology for climate action,

8 Preamble to the Agreement Noting the importance of ensuring the integrity of all ecosystems, including oceans, and the protection of biodiversity, recognized by some cultures as Mother Earth, and noting the importance for some of the concept of climate justice, when taking action to address climate change, Affirming the importance of education, training, public awareness, public participation, public access to information and cooperation at all levels on the matters addressed in this Agreement, Recognizing the importance of the engagements of all levels of government and various actors, in accordance with respective national legislations of Parties, in addressing climate change Also recognizing that sustainable lifestyles and sustainable patterns of consumption and production, with developed country Parties taking the lead, play an important role in addressing climate change, Integrity of all ecosystems (climate system), named by some cultures as Mother Earth, climate justice, when taking climate change related action, Education, training, public awareness & participation, access to information and cooperation at all levels, All levels of government and various actors, in accordance with national legislations should get engaged. Sustainable lifestyles as well as consumption/production important in addressing climate change,

9 Goals of the Paris Agreement (Art. 2) Temperature must never rise above the limit of well below 2, and striving not to exceed 1,5 Adaptation and resilience building became equally important components of climate action, recognised as enabler for future climate neutral development Climate finance bn USD annually by 2020 with developed countries taking a lead (a road map summarizing announced contributions and describing the next steps has been presented in October 2016) Implementation will reflect equity and CBDR-RC in the light of different national circumstances

10 Main components of the Agreement Global goals / efforts Individual efforts Cooperation Transparency framework Global stocktake Global limit of temperature well below 2 (Art. 2) Long-term goal on mitigation (Art. 4.1) Global goal on adaptation (Art. 7.1) Mobilizing climate finance (Art. 9.3) Context of sustainable development Mitigation Adaptation Capacitybuilding Policy coordination Mobilization of support RM sustainable economic transition Etc. To enhance transparency of action & support, implementation and compliance. Existing tools (Cancun MRV - BUR/BR, NCs, inventories etc.) will continue to play a role Registry (registries?) of NDC To assess progress against the purpose of the Paris Agreement and its long-term goals First global stock-take to take place in 2023, and every 5 years thereafter

11 Nationally determined contributions (Art. 3) As their NDC to the global response to climate change, all parties are to undertake & communicate ambitious efforts as defined in articles: 4 long-term temperature goal (Mitigation) 7 adaptation 9 climate finance by developed countries 10 technology for mitigation and adaptation 11 capacity building (country driven, on all levels) 13 transparency framework Obligatory progression of efforts - no backsliding

12 Some new (?) concepts in PA Nationally driven policies and actions in line with identified circumstances and needs (sovereign decisions) Role of ecosystems as carbon sinks and reservoirs, contributing to carbon neutrality, as all elements (atmosphere, hydrosphere, geosphere and biosphere) of climate system and interactions between them must be addressed. Recognition of the impacts of mitigation (response) measures. Climate action needs to address human rights and social / societal aspects of development. Just transition (of workforce, jobs, etc.) Intrinsic linkage to the sustainable development, access to which has been named a right. LDCs needs have been clearly identified. Important role for the non-state actors and observers. SBI is debating possible modalities for more inclusive participation of observers in the process.

13 Impacts of response measures (Article 4.15) Economic diversification & sustainable development Building resilience against fluctuation in extra regional economic activity Reducing vulnerability to income loss due to volatility of product price on the international market Creating more job oppourtunities Improve economic tolerance Economic diversification Alleviating poverty

14 Strategies for economic diversification Import substitution or export-led policy? Soft or hard industrial policy? Special economic zone Extensive or intensive margin?

15 Cooperation in PA Article 6 1. Cooperative approaches (6.1) - the general concept that Parties may choose, voluntarily, to cooperate in the implementation of their NDCs. 2. Transfers of mitigation outcomes (6.2 & 6.3) - the concept that Parties, when involved in the specific case of cooperative approaches, which involve mitigation outcomes being transferred internationally ITMOs, need to observe CMA guidance on accounting. It is about international transfers of mitigation outcomes (ITMOs) which can be produced from any multilateral, bilateral, global, regional mechanism / procedure / protocol. 3. Mechanism to contribute to mitigation and support sustainable development (6.4 to 6.7) - the establishment of a mechanism to produce mitigation outcomes and support sustainable development, and which operates under the authority of the COP (some call it CDM+). 4. Framework for non-market approaches ( ). The framework for NMAs will aim to achieve the three issues that are outlined in Article 6.8

16 Implementation of PA (Article 6) Cooperative approaches of any kind could be considered appropriate The governance rules as well as the institutional arrangements need to be developed NMA ITMO balance need to be defined

17 Adaptation under the Agreement (Article 7) Global goal on adaptation Enhancing adaptive capacity Strengthening resilience Reducing vulnerability to climate change Sustainable development Global average temperature to well below 2 C Recognition of adaptation efforts of developing country Parties To also be considered under the global stocktake Adaptation communications To include Priorities Implementation and support needs Plans and actions Link to disaster risk reduction Parties recognize that pursuing efforts towards 1.5 C would significantly reduce the risks and impacts of climate change Global stocktake To recognize adaptation efforts Enhance implementation of adaptation Review adequacy and effectiveness of adaptation and support Review progress in achieving the global goal on adaptation

18 Means of Implementation Finance 100 bn US$ global pledge Capacity Building Paris Committee for Capacity Building (PCCB) Durban Forum on Capacity Building Technology Transfer North South & South South cooperation TEC Technology Executive Committee TNA (Technical Needs Assessment), technology for adaptation, mitigation, role in the TEP (Technical Examination Process Mitigation)

19 MOI in the pillars of the Agreement Global goals / efforts Individual efforts Cooperation Transparency framework Global stocktake Global limit of temperature well below 2 (Art. 2) Long-term goal on mitigation (Art. 4.1) Global goal on adaptation (Art. 7.1) Mobilizing climate finance (Art. 9.3) Context of sustainable development Mitigation Adaptation Priorities, Planning, Support Capacitybuilding Policy coordination Mobilization of support Response measures Etc. To enhance transparency of action & support, implementation and compliance. Existing tools (BUR/BR, NCs, inventories etc.) will continue to play a very important role Registry (registries?) of NDC To assess progress against the purpose of the Paris Agreement and its long-term goals First global stock-take to take place in 2023, and every 5 years thereafter

20 Means of Implementation Paris spirit is not given forever! A need for trust-building proofs of life Joint initiatives are very important - team-work effect. Developed parties are tasked to take a lead but are not the only responsible. The others are joining especially seeing advancements towards Copenhagen / Cancun pledges. Capacity gaps are major constraints. Cooperation might be a very cost efficient way to address them. It is not only about NAI countries. MOIs could alleviate investors risks (political, financial, weather & climate, work force related).

21 Building country s own capacity 1. Every country should make an effort a. To become part and be able to contribute to the international system of climate finance b. To address their domestic specific needs, including through domestic fund raising system 2. There is a significant experience available amongst EEG countries which is available to everybody. 3. COP24 in 2018, in Poland provides an opportunity to showcase EEG achievements and possible future actions.

22 Cooperation in PA Article Parties shall cooperate in taking measures, as appropriate, to enhance climate change: a. education, b. training, c. public awareness, d. public participation, e. public access to information. 2. Action for Climate Empowerment

23 Transparency Framework (Art. 13) for action and support Tracking progress towards the global (collective) goals and individual contributions set out in the PA for mitigation, adaptation and support Adaptation elements: Adaptation actions, including good practices, priorities, needs and gaps Support provided and received (financial, technology transfer and capacity-building) Technical expert review (Art ) Modalities, procedures and guidelines to be adopted by CMA 1 to inform Capacitybuilding Initiative for the Transparency Framework Global stocktake

24 Transparency Framework for action and support To track progress towards the global (collective) goals and individual contributions set out in the PA for mitigation, adaptation and support MOI related element: Support provided and received (financial, technology transfer and capacity-building) Technical expert review (Art ) Modalities, procedures and guidelines to be adopted by CMA 1 to inform Capacitybuilding Initiative for the Transparency Framework Global stock take

25 Implementation timeline Global goals Individual efforts < 2 C global temperature limit Long-term goal on mitigation Global goal on adaptation Mobilization of climate finance Mitigation Adaptation GCF GCF $100 $100bn billion mobilisation mobilization goal goal Nov 2016 Entry into CMA-SBI Art Facilitative SBI dialogue review of progress on made on NAPs CMA1 COP, SBI, opened force at COP22 and will SBSTA, continue until COP24 in 2018 CMA, APA processes Preparatory work to give effect to the Paris Agreement by CMA 1 and beyond Technical examination process on adaptation (TEP-A) First Global Stocktake

26 SDGs climate is number 13 quvbjnahxrzrokhtxta4uqjb0ibg&url=http%3a%2f%2fwww.csm4cfs.org%2fworking-groups%2fsdg%2f&psig=afqjcne2mn2xrrfie4ljckac4brs6tlx5g&ust=

27 Sustainable development Action Chart

28 post Paris world (1) Single global goal of temperature rise limitation & climate neutrality to be achieved through collective, nationally determined action Common timeframe for determination of NDCs (art. 4.10) Strong transparency of action (mitigation and adaptation) and support Focus on capacity building and public empowerment CBDR-RC is the basic principle, but all must contribute Both national (domestic) as well as international (cooperative) policies need to be in place

29 post Paris world (2) Possible domestic policies Sustainable economic transition Transportation systems Land Use, Land Use Change and Forestry (LULUCF sector) addressing both adaptation and mitigation. Influences every component of climate system atmosphere, hydrosphere, geosphere and biosphere Fiscal reform Financial instruments (funds, guarantees) to support investments Cities & regions play an important role

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31 post Paris world (3) International policies and approaches Cooperation is the key article 6, article 12 Various international, informal (outside of UNFCCC process) initiatives Best practices and sharing experiences Stronger role of non-party stakeholders in the formal process (as important partners of negotiating parties) Stronger implementation component in the COP/CMP/CMA Global Climate Action new modality to engage businesses, academia, cities with High Level Champions (nominated by COP Presidents incumbent and incoming) promoting the issue on political level all over the world Demonstration of practical, real-life action on the ground

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33 post US election world Clear switch in political priorities of the new US administration A number of symbolic actions / decisions References to climate taken away from the White House web. Revival of the Keystone pipeline. Uncertain US approach to their financial contributions ( But: Life continues. The US is responsible for 16% of global emissions and new leaders might emerge if the US decided to decline their role. We have our job to be done and it needs to be done on time.

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35 COP24 in Poland is an opportunity for EEG (1) EEG leads the efforts to mitigate emissions a. Our countries went through (or undergoing) deep economic transformation when transiting from centrally planned to market economies. b. There is a lot of experience that may be used to assist the others to plan their transition in sustainable manner. c. Just transition of workforce and job creation came out as the core issue of our transitions long before Paris has been agreed

36 COP24 in Poland is an opportunity for EEG (2) There are institutions that could be copied elsewhere that helped to mobilize finance and build capacity (including institutional in administration) Polish National Fund for Environmental Protection and Water Management polluter pays and the money is invested back for environmental benefits Ecofund conversion of foreign debt into environment funding GIS Green Investment Scheme - old AAU surplus into new climate oriented investments

37 COP24 in Poland is an opportunity for EEG (3) 1. COP24 should help to demonstrate our leadership 2. COP24 should help to demonstrate cooperation between the members of the group 3. COP24 should be an opportunity to engage with all stakeholders including Businesses Cities and regional authorities Academia NGOs

38 How to contact The project team can be contacted at personal addresses and: Clima East Office, c/o Milieu Ltd Chaussée de Charleroi No. 112, First Floor 1060 Brussels (Belgium) Tel: Website: English: - Russian: Follow us on Facebook: look for CLIMA EAST PROJECT