English and Employment Opportunities in Global Marketplace
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- Tabitha Copeland
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1 By: Rana Riaz Saeed Senior Manager/Head, ICAD NTS Pakistan Keywords: Education, English, Employment, Marketplace, Pakistan, NTS Synopsis Worldwide - English has been accorded several special roles over the years. The worlds of business, technology, science, sport and lately, the internet, have all adopted English as their official lingo. Therefore, English has become a necessity for the masses, a requirement for everyone who intends to be, in some form, a citizen of the world. Working language of international organizations and conferences (e.g. Commonwealth, Council of Europe, European Union, NATO, UN, Bretton Woods Institutions World Bank, IMF, etc.). Across the board, English language skills are improving in the BRIC(S) countries (Brazil, Russia, India, and China (South Asia). Some Asian countries, in particular Indonesia and Vietnam, have transformed their English proficiency over the six-year period. China has also improved, although less dramatically. Japan and South Korea, despite enormous private investment, have declined slightly. In a 2012 survey by the Economist Intelligence Unit, nearly 70% of executives said their workforce will need to master English to realize corporate expansion plans, and a quarter said more than 50% of their total workforce will need English ability. International studies entails that in general, the English proficiency of Pakistani graduates is not up to the international market standards. Resultant, employment opportunities for the Pakistani human resource is declining in the marketplace particularly for the youth (aged 15-35) which now constitute (estimated) over 40 percent of the population. Moreover, Pakistan s ranking in Global Competitive Index (GCI) is also alarming. The Global Competitiveness Report released by the World Economic Forum (WEF) ranks Pakistan s GCI at 129th on a list of 144 nations. Keeping in view the outlined situation, NTS has geared up to promote English language in the country in order to enhance skilled youths national and international acceptability and competitive HR marketability. What is a language? According to Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr. Language is the blood of the soul into which thoughts run and out of which they grow. As a matter of fact language is a vital tool for communication - Not only a means of communicating thoughts and ideas, but it builds friendships, economic relationships and cultural ties. What is a global language? A language achieves a genuinely global status when it develops a special role that is recognized in every country. David Crystal (2003:3) 1
2 The English Language English is the lingua franca that unites, at least currently, people from different nations. It is spoken widely around the globe: 1 billion people are learning worldwide; 2 billion will learn soon; 750 million speak English as Foreign Language; and 375 million speak as second language. In almost all commonwealth countries, English is the Medium of Instruction at some level. Educational institutions, driven by the demands of society, are increasingly embracing English language learning. Many school systems now require English study starting in primary school, much as they do math or science. University professors are delivering lectures in English to prepare their students better for life after graduation. Education First English Proficiency Index (EF EPI) provides a worldwide benchmark in adult English proficiency over time. The findings of Education First study that was conducted by testing English skills of nearly 5M adults all over the world in a period of six years ( ) entails: (a) English is necessary for a globalized workforce and (b) Strong motivation to learn. The latest EF report published in November 2015 concludes that: 1. There is a positive correlations between national EPI scores and such indicators as exports per capita, gross national income per capita, service exports, and quality of life. 2. Women are better than men: In nearly all countries surveyed, women have stronger English skills than men. 3. Pakistan ranks at 45th position out of 70 countries whereas India at 20 th, China 47 th and Sri Lanka at 49 th (because of 30 years war/conflict). Writing in the Harvard Business Review (HBR) EF Senior Vice President Christopher McCormick adds: Research shows a direct correlation between the English skills of a population and the economic performance of the country. Indicators like gross national income (GNI) and GDP go up [The 2013 EPI] found that in almost every one of the 60 countries and territories surveyed, a rise in English proficiency was connected with a rise in per capita income. And on an individual level, recruiters and HR managers around the world report that job 2
3 seekers with exceptional English compared to their country s level earned 30-50% higher salaries. English and Employment Opportunities Worldwide - English has been accorded several special roles over the years and opens relatively better employment opportunities. The worlds of business, sport, technology, science, and lately, the internet, have all adopted English as their official lingo. Therefore, English has become a necessity for the masses, a requirement for everyone who intends to be, in some form, a citizen of the world. English is a working language of international organizations and conferences (e.g. Commonwealth, Council of Europe, European Union, NATO, UN, Bretton Woods Institutions World Bank, IMF, etc.). Thus, the English: Increases individuals employability; Facilitate international mobility of students, workers, tourists, and others; Enable international collaboration and co-operation; and Provide access to research and information. Although English skills have long been an explicit requirement in certain types of jobs such as diplomacy and translation, those skills today are an implicit advantage in nearly any job across all sectors of the economy. Companies, both large and small, international and domestic, are mandating English as their corporate language. Individuals, whether job seekers or ambitious parents, are pouring money into private English training. Therefore, English is becoming a core criterion in determining employability. Almost everyone in China seems to understand that in today s globalized economy, English is inextricably linked to career advancement. While those with proficient English earn more, people who are poor at English may be passed over for promotion. A survey conducted in 2012 by the Economist Intelligence Unit concludes that nearly 70% of executives said their workforce will need to master English to realize corporate expansion plans, and a quarter said more than 50% of their total workforce will need English ability. Minh Tran articulates in his article published in the latest HBR edition (Nov. 2015) that though English proficiency alone is not enough to drive innovation, but countries with high English proficiency are more innovative. Citing the case of Jack Ma, the founder of Alibaba, who is one of the world s most successful Internet entrepreneurs, Minh writes that Ma has never written a line of code. He did not train as an engineer. Instead, Ma studied English in college, and worked as an English teacher and translator before diving into entrepreneurship. Why English is needed in Developing Economies? Many developing countries are now integrating English into their curriculum from primary or even pre-school years, using it as a medium of instruction in addition to teaching it as a separate language. Across the board, English language skills are improving in the BRIC(S) countries (Brazil, Russia, India, and China (South Asia). Some Asian countries, in particular 3
4 Indonesia and Vietnam, have transformed their English proficiency over the six-year period. China has also improved, although less dramatically. Japan and South Korea, despite enormous private investment, have declined slightly. English is needed in the developing economies because it is Key to Attracting Foreign Investment. After cost, the most important factor for US and UK companies when considering outsourcing business processes is the education level of the local population and its English proficiency. Developing countries recognize that producing large numbers of skilled graduates able to communicate in English is the most reliable way to expand their export-focused service economy. A strong export sector in services is in turn essential to creating a middle class, strengthening spending, and growing the national economy. According to the Global English Dialogue (GED), published by the British Council in June 2015, employers, educationalists and policy makers in the South Asia region all need to understand more readily where and why English is needed and how exactly it fits into the broader debate around skills. The consensus seems to be that English needs to be carefully integrated into high-quality education from the beginning of school and then throughout the education process. Moreover, English is increasingly included in national standardized testing. This is because skills development has taken centre stage in many countries in South Asia as part of an effort to alleviate poverty, promote social mobility and address inequity on many levels. Pakistan HR and International Employment Opportunities Soon after graduation, a majority of students seek employment opportunities in their respective fields or areas of interest. Employment opportunities in local and global marketplaces are highly competitive but are relatively better for people who are proficient in more than one language, particularly the English language. International studies entails that in general, the English proficiency of Pakistani graduates is not up to the international market standards. Resultant, employment opportunities for the Pakistani human resource is declining in the marketplace particularly for the youth (aged 15-35) which now constitute (estimated) over 40 percent of the population. Moreover, Pakistan s ranking in Global Competitive Index (GCI) is also alarming. The Global Competitiveness Report released by the World Economic Forum (WEF) ranks Pakistan s GCI at 129th on a list of 144 nations. Over 400,000 Pakistani skilled and semi-skilled workers needed in next four years for the completion of construction projects of Qatar, Dubai and other gulf states. About 1.4 million skilled workforce has been demanded from all over the world for FIFA World Cup 2022 in Qatar and construction of infrastructure, stadiums, city rail, hotels and other construction projects. Qatari government needs these skilled workforce with good standards of English language proficiency, security verifications, vaccination, awareness on industrial safety, etc. The entire Fareast, and Southeast countries offer jobs to human resource who are also good in English language. Pakistan: Education, 4
5 In 2010, a study done by Euromonitor International entails that in Pakistani Newspapers and Online Job Advertisement require English: 52% as first language, 18% as second language whereas only 30% says no. With regard to the level of English proficiency the 57% respondent companies require fluent, 32% good and only 13 % intermediate. However, the 86% of the companies responded that English is important for the growth of their business and the company. In Pakistan, more than 65% of salaried professionals speak English in the workplace. Companies in IT, telecommunications and banking sector have a higher average up to 78% professionals who speak English. However, Telecommunications industry has been bolstered by huge levels of foreign investment, and the social services sector is supported by large international donations and grants. National University for Science & Technology (NUST) offers several natural, engineering and social sciences subject degrees and courses to youth which help them in seizing dignified job opportunities thereby reducing unemployment and poverty from the country. These subjects/courses are not only highly in demand locally but also caters needs of other economies of the world particularly Middle, Southeast and Fareast Asia thus, open global employment avenues for our unemployed skilled youth. Efforts to Promote English for Employment Keeping in view the state of English and its benefits to our youth and the economy, National Testing Service Pakistan (NTS), a not-for-profit organization, has geared up efforts to promote English language in the country by offering English language proficiency assessment and continuous professional development (CPD) program for teachers. This effort is done to enhance our skilled youths national and international acceptability and competitive HR marketability. For the purpose, being an ETS Preferred Associate (EPA), NTS offers English language proficiency assessments such as TOEFL (Primary, Junior and ITP) and Test of English for International Communication (TOEIC). Being in country partner (ICP) of National Geographic Learning (NGL) and Cengage Learning-USA, NTS offers ELTeach (English Language for Teachers) to individuals and institutions in entire Pakistan. The test questions of the assessments are based on real life situations that are relevant to global organizations and familiar across cultures. More than 15,000 organizations in over 150 countries rely on these tests to recruit, promote and place people with the right English skills. In this regard, NTS has been contacting major educational institutions including engineering, technical and vocational institutes of the country. It is however imperative that the institutions support our efforts for promoting English language skills and thereby creating better employment opportunities for unemployed youth through international certification in English language proficiency. References 1. English: Who speaks English? The Economist. Retrieved on Study Offers Snapshot of Global English-Language-Learner Trends. Ed Week. Retrieved on
6 3. EF English Proficiency Index Comparing English skills between countries EF EPI. Ef.com. Retrieved on EF English Proficiency Index Comparing English skills between countries EF EPI. Ef.com. Retrieved on The English Blog: EF English Proficiency Ranking. Jeffreyhill.typepad.com ( ). Retrieved on TOEFL: Test and Score Data Summaries. Ets.org. Retrieved on Survey Lang project. European Commission. Retrieved on Minh Tran, Countries with High English Proficiency Are More Innovative, Harvard Business Review, November 17, 2015, Retrieved on Country 2015 Rank 2015 Score 2015 Level Trend India High Proficiency South Korea Moderate Proficiency Japan Moderate Proficiency UAE Low Proficiency Pakistan Low Proficiency - China Low Proficiency Sri Lanka Very Low Proficiency Iran Very Low Proficiency Saudi Arabia Very Low Proficiency
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