Profile of Anganwadi workers and their Job Satisfaction
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1 ISSN No X An Indexed Refereed Journal of Higher Education Towards Excellence UGC-ACADEMIC STAFF COLLEGE, GUJARAT UNIVERSITY, AHMEDABAD, INDIA Profile of Anganwadi workers and their Job Satisfaction Mrs. Shetal Barodia Introduction The Integrated Child Development Service (ICDS) Scheme was initied on 2 nd October, 1975, The Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) Scheme today is the World s Largest Programme aimed at enhancing the health, nutrition and learning opportunities of infants, young children (0-6 years) and their mothers. It is the foremost symbol of India s commitment to its children India s response to the challenge of providing preschool education on one hand and breaking the vicious cycle of malnutrition, mortality, and morbidity, on the other. The beneficiaries of ICDS are Children below the age of 6 years, pregnant women, nursing mother and women between age group of To achieve the objective Various Services are envisaged in ICDS to achieve this objective. They are: Supplementary Nutrition, Immunization, Health Check-Up, Referral Services, Pre-school Non-formal Education and Nutrition & Health Education. The grassroot level workers who are called Anganwadi Workers (AWWs) provide the services of ICDS. The place where the services are provided is called Anganwadi. The Anganwadi Constitutes the basic institutional infrastructure through which the ICDS operates at the grass root level, each anganwadi caters to a population of 1000 in rural and urban areas and 700 in tribal areas. DEC, VOL.7. ISSUE NO. 2 Page 1
2 Today in India, about 2 million Anganwadi workers are reaching out to a population of 70 million women, children and sick people, helping them to become and stay healthy. Anganwadi workers are the most important and often-ignored essential link of Indian health care. *Ph.D Scholar, Home Science, Gujarat University, Ahmedabd & Asst-Prof, Dept of Life Long Learning & Extension, Gujarat Vidyapith, Ahmedabad. Being the functional unit of ICDS programme which involves different groups of beneficiaries, the AWWs, has to conduct various different types of job responsibilities. Not only she has to reach to variety of beneficiary groups, she has to provide them with different services, which include nutrition and health education, Non Formal Pre School Education (NFPSE), supplementary nutrition, growth monitoring and promotion, and family welfare services. She also coordinates in arranging immunization camps & health checkup camps.(10) Her functions also include community survey and enlisting beneficiaries, primary health care and first aids, referral services to severely malnourished, sick and at risk children, enlisting community support for Anganwadi functions, organizing women s groups and Mahila Mandals, school enrolment of Children and maintenance of records and registers. While performing various different types of functions it is obvious that she might have to face variety of problems. Anganwadi Workers may felt load on basic activity of Anganwadi due to that she felt stress and dissatisfaction. Despite the fact that AWW was the most important functionary at grassroots level, who was single handedly responsible for making ICDS programme successful, the limited research on job satisfaction and Problem faced by AWWs were found. Several studies found that AWWs are overloaded, not motivated. Goriawala (1986) found that although the AWWs had high knowledge of the scheme and adequate skills, their DEC, VOL.7. ISSUE NO. 2 Page 2
3 performance level was low. The study further elaborated Motivation was a important factor affecting performance rather than knowledge. AWWs performance was low because of low motivation which was due to dissatisfaction with their job. Some studies have also found that low honorarium, absence of job security, excessive workload, lack of promotion were the issues of AWWs which cause the dissatisfaction. (24)(60)(1) The present study attempts to study the job satisfaction of AWWs of 10 blocks of Ahmedabad City. MATERIALS AND METHODS : The Present study was a descriptive study. It was conducted at 10 blocks of Ahmedabad city. Total 50 Anganwadi Workers & 5 Anganwadi centers from each block i.c 500 AWWs & 50 AWC were taken as sample. The tasks performed by AWWs were assessed by Checklist and Job satisfactions was assessed through Opinionnair. The analyzed was done with the help of statistical techniques. Feedback was also taken with respect to problems faced by them in implementing the scheme. RESULTS The Majority of the anganwadi workers (AWWs) were in 31 and 40 years of age (mean age=38.5 yrs.). About 34% of respondents were graduates and about 32% respondents were 12 th class passed It was observed that usually Anganwadi workers are equipped with other supporting education viz. diploma or one year profession related courses. This leads them to become Anganwadi worker even without completing graduation. Little more than two third of the respondents had experience between 0 and 9 years. It was interesting to note here that only one respondent had more than 30 years of experience working with Anganwadi. The study found that the most of the Anganwadi Workers were performing their basic task DEC, VOL.7. ISSUE NO. 2 Page 3
4 such as preschool education materials, beneficiaries enrollment, Infrastructure facility & Activities, supplementary nutrition, immunization, health check up, Referreral services, Nutrition and Health Education, Community Participation, Reporting and Record maintenance regularly, to make the ICDS programme successful. The major findings reveled from this analysis were Majority of the (43%) Anganwadi did not have proper cooking place. About (80%) respondents reported that they did no t have safe storage facilities for raw material of cooking. More than 50% respondents reported that they did not get help from the community for health check -up and immunization. It revealed that due to these difficulties the AWWS may felt stress in regular working which may affect the job satisfaction of AWWs. The attempt was made to explore the extent to which the AWWs feels satisfied with their Job. A Five point scale was developed to study. There were total 29 items in the scale, so the range of the score was The lowest score obtained was 69 whereas the highest score obtained was 119. Job satisfactions of AWWs No. Item Item index 1 Like to Work in Anganwadi Loved Working with Children Avoid outside work Less Power Difficulty in taking important Decision with me is not Satisfaction in my control Behaviour of the Co-worker Subordinates are Work in the Anganwadi without discrimination of one was above or below 4.6 DEC, VOL.7. ISSUE NO. 2 Page 4
5 9 Disappointed when not get community support Not able to work according the planning Not able to complete decided task due to unexpected work assignment Monthly & Six Monthly targets of the Anganwadi is completed in time Extension of Anganwadi increase the level of motivation among all of us I am not satisfied with my pay Co-workers are also not satisfied with their pay Lack of space in the Anganwadi Toilet facility in the Anganwadi is not good Need cleanliness near Anganwadi and nearby areas I did not have proper place to sit and work in the Anganwadi Less space in the Anganwadi for visitors Mothers are not motivated to send their children in the Anganwadi Lack of motivation even though the Targets of the Anganwadi are achieved Anganwadi Workers are ready to leave job if they get better opportunity so it is difficult to train new person every time Less public holidays in Anganwadi Structures of the leaves are convenient in Anganwadi Long working hours as well as more workload in AWWs Get good public support No job security in Anganwadi 2.5 DEC, VOL.7. ISSUE NO. 2 Page 5
6 29 Anganwadi workers are not getting insurance security 2.3 Item analysis was carried out to find out the most contributing reason towards good job satisfaction of the respondents as well as to find out the most dampening reason for less job satisfaction. Respondents were given to respond on 29 different items to reflect their job satisfaction. For each item, they have responded in the range of 1 to 5. Thus, each item has an average score ranging from 1 to 5 considering all the responses together. Table 35 reflects the items that scored highest (stated as most important reasons) and items that scored lowest (stated as most dampening reasons). The top most reason why respondents reflected good satisfaction towards their job was they loved working with children. On the other hand, the most dampening reason why their job satisfaction goes down was less number of public holidays CONCLUSION Most of the AWWs in Urban ICDS Block, Ahmedabad were from age group years, Graduates & 0-9 years of experience. They were preforming their daily tasks at AWCs regularly. The reasons for not Job Satisfaction were less number of holidays. Problem felt by them were mainly related to infrastructure facilities as well as Community Support. REFERENCES 1. Bidarakoppa, G. S. (2010) Job Performance of Anganwadi Workers : A Study in Integrated child Development Services (Raibag project & Jamkhandi project). Quoted in Research Abstract on ICDS, ( ) New Delhi. 2. Brief, A. P., & Weiss, H. M. (2001) Organizational Behaviour: Affect in the Workplace. Annual Review of Psychology, p-53, , Chatopadhyay, D. (2004) Knowledge and Skills of Anganwadi Workers in Hooghly District, West Bengal. Indian Journal of community Medicine, Vol. XXIX, No.3, July-September. 4. Christen, M., Iyer, G. & Soberman, D. (2006) Job Satisfaction, Job Performance, and Effort: A Rexamination Using Agency Theory. Journal of Marketing, Vol. 70, p January. DEC, VOL.7. ISSUE NO. 2 Page 6
7 5. Department of Women & Child Development. (2005) Research Abstract on ICDS. Research Bulletin Vol. IX Issue 1 & 2 January-June. 6. India Ministry of Human Resources Development. (1995) A Report of Integrated Child Development Services(ICDS). Dept. of Women and Child Luthans, F. (1998) Organizational Behavior. McGraw-Hill/Irwin, Boston. P Maggie, V. T., & D souza, P. (2010) Problems of Anganwadi Workers, Karnataka. Quoted in Research Abstract on ICDS, , New Delhi. SHETAL R.BARODIA ASSISTANT PROFESSOR GUJARAT VIDYAPITH AHMEDABAD. DEC, VOL.7. ISSUE NO. 2 Page 7
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