The European Commission s science and knowledge service. Joint Research Centre

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1 The European Commission s science and knowledge service Joint Research Centre

2 The Cultural and Creative Cities Monitor 2017 Edition #EUCreativeCities Valentina Montalto, Carlos Jorge Tacao Moura, Sven Langedijk, Michaela Saisana Composite Indicators and Scoreboard --- COMMUNITY of PRACTICE nd Annual Meeting

3 Culture is an economic sector in its own..helps thrive innovation and growth It is in Apple s DNA that technology alone is not enough it s technology married with liberal arts, married with the humanities, that yields us the results that make our heart sing. Steve Jobs..and attract highly educated people to cities Sources: Clark et al. (2002); Bakhshi et al. (2008); Backman and Nilsson (2016); Boschma and Fritsch (2009); European Commission (2016); Eurostat (EU-Labour Force Survey); Nelson et al. (2015); Sleuwaegen and Boiardi (2014), TERA (2014).

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5 Why a Cultural and Creative Cities Monitor

6 1. Facilitate the evaluation of cities strenghts and impact of policy actions and foster mutual learning. 2. Illustrate and communicate the importance of culture and creativity to support socioeconomic development and strenghten resilience. 3. Inspire research questions to further understand the role of culture and creativity in local development.

7 40 monitoring tools reviewed

8 Methodology in a nutshell

9 A nine-dimensional model

10 29 out of 200 initially considered

11 Data sources

12 168 cities, beyond 'usual suspects'

13 Benchmarking peer cities

14 Cities rely on different strenghts

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17 Capitals fly high but not always the highest

18 Capitals fly high but not always the highest

19 Leading Cultural and Creative Cities are more resilient

20 Create your own Monitor Test your data

21 Change the weights +1

22 Next steps

23 More on the online visualisation tool cultural-creative-cities-monitor

24 References Bakhshi H., McVittie E. and Simmie J. (2008). Creating innovation. Do the creative industries support innovation in the wider economy? NESTA, London Backman, M. and Nilsson, P. (2016). The role of cultural heritage in attracting skilled individuals, Journal of Cultural Economics, Boschma, R.A. and Fritsch, M. (2009). Creative Class and Regional economic growth: empirical evidence from seven European countries. Economic Geography, 85(4), pp Clark, T. N., Lloyd, R., Wong, K. K. & Jain, P. (2002). Amenities drive urban growth. Journal of Urban Affairs (24), European Commission (2016). The State of European Cities Eurostat (EU-Labour Force Survey) - Data extracted in December Nelson, A. C., Dawkins, C. J., Ganning, J. P., Kittrell, K. G., and Ewing, R. (2015). The Association Between Professional Performing Arts and Knowledge Class Growth: Implications for Metropolitan Economic Development, Economic Development Quarterly, Sleuwaegen, L. and Boiardi, P. (2014). Creativity and regional innovation: Evidence from EU regions. Research Policy, 43, pp TERA Consultants. (2014). The economic contribution of the creative industries to EU GDP and employment. In 2010, the European Commission in its European Competitiveness Report estimated its contribution at 3% of GDP and 6.5 million people employed.

25 Thank you Any questions? You can find me at The European Commission s Competence Centre on Composite Indicators and Scoreboards COIN in the EU Science Hub COIN tools are available at:

26 Appendix

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28 Variable name Short explanation Geo level Reference period Mode year Availability Source Sub-Index 1 Dimension Sights & landmarks 2. Museums 3. Cinema seats 4. Concerts & shows 5.Theatres Dimension Tourist overnight stays 7. Museum visitors 8. Cinema attendance Points of historical, cultural and or artistic interest, such as architectural buildings, religious sites, monuments and statues, churches and cathedrals, bridges, towers and fountains, amongst other things, divided by the total population and then multiplied by 100,000. Number of museums that are open to the public divided by the total population and then multiplied by 100,000. Number of cinema seats in the city divided by the total population and then multiplied by 1,000. Number of theatres and other music venues (concert halls, clubs, etc.) and current shows divided by the total population and then multiplied by 100,000. Number of theatres in the city divided by the total population and then multiplied by 100,000. Total annual number of nights that tourists/guests have spent in tourist accommodation establishments (hotel or similar) divided by the total population. Total number of museum tickets sold during the reference year divided by the total population and then multiplied by 1,000. Total number of tickets sold, referring to all films screened during the year, divided by the total population and then multiplied by 1,000. Cultural Vibrancy Cultural Venues & Facilities City % TripAdvisor City % TripAdvisor City % Eurostat (Urban Audit) City % TripAdvisor City % Cultural Participation & Attractiveness City % City % City % Eurostat (Urban Audit) Eurostat (Urban Audit) Eurostat (Urban Audit) Eurostat (Urban Audit) 9. Satisfaction with cultural facilities Percentage of the population that is very satisfied with cultural facilities in the city. City % Flash Eurobarometer 366 by TNS/EC (Survey on 'Quality of life in cities')

29 Sub-index 2 Dimension Jobs in arts, culture & entertainment 11. Jobs in media & communication Number of jobs in arts, culture- and entertainment-related activities such as performing arts, museums and libraries, divided by the total population and then multiplied by 1,000 (NACE Rev. 2, R-U). Number of jobs in media and communicationrelated activities such as book and music publishing, film production and TV, divided by the total population and then multiplied by 1,000 (NACE Rev. 2, J). Creative Economy Creative & Knowledge-based Jobs City % City % Eurostat (Urban Audit) Eurostat (Urban Audit) 12. Jobs in other creative sectors Number of jobs in professional, scientific and technical, administrative and support service activities such as architecture, advertising, design, and photographic activities, divided by the total population and then multiplied by 1,000 (NACE Rev. 2, M-N). City % Eurostat (Urban Audit) Dimension ICT patent applications 14. Community design applications Dimension Jobs in new arts, culture & entertainment enterprises 16. Jobs in new media & communication enterprises 17. Jobs in new enterprises in other creative sectors Three-year average number of ICT patent applications (including: consumer electronics, computers and office machinery, and telecommunications) filed to the European Patent Office (EPO) by priority year divided by the total population and then multiplied by 1 million. Three-year average number of Community Design applications filed to the Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market (OHIM) divided by the total population and then multiplied by 1 million. Number of persons employed in the enterprises established in the reference year in arts, culture and entertainment activities such as performing arts, museums and libraries, divided by the total population and then multiplied by 100,000. Number of persons employed in the enterprises established in the reference year in in media and communication activities such as book and music publishing, film production and TV, divided by the total population and then multiplied by 100,000. Number of persons employed in the enterprises established in the reference year in professional, scientific and technical activities such as architecture, advertising, design, and photographic activities, divided by the total population and then multiplied by 100,000. Intellectual Property & Innovation NUTS Average 95% NUTS Average 82% New Jobs in Creative Sectors NUTS % NUTS % NUTS % Eurostat (Regional Statistics) Eurostat (Regional Statistics) Eurostat (Regional Statistics) Eurostat (Regional Statistics) Eurostat (Regional Statistics)

30 Dimension Graduates in arts & humanities 19. Graduates in ICT 20. Average appearances in university rankings Dimension Foreign graduates 22. Foreign-born population 23. Tolerance of foreigners 24. Integration of foreigners Average number of tertiary education students (ISCED 2011 levels 5-8) enrolled in the academic years , and in arts and humanities courses divided by the total population and then multiplied by 100,000. Average number of tertiary education graduates ( ISCED 2011 levels 5-8) in in the academic years , and in Information and communication technologies courses divided by the total population and then multiplied by 100,000. Average number of universities' appearances in four different university rankings: QS, Shanghai, Leiden and Times. Average number of foreign graduates in tertiary education courses in the academic years , and as a percentage of the total number of tertiary education graduates (ISCED 2011 levels 5-8) in the same academic years. Percentage of the total population who is foreign-born. Percentage of the population who very strongly agrees with the statement: 'The presence of foreigners is good for this city'. Percentage of the population who very strongly agrees with the statement: 'Foreigners who live in this city are well integrated'. Percentage of the population who very strongly agrees with the statement: 'Generally Human Capital & Education City Average 88% ETER project City Average 88% ETER project City % Openness, Tolerance & Trust QS, Shanghai, Leiden, Times rankings City % ETER project City % City % City % Eurostat (Urban Audit) Flash Eurobarometer 366 by TNS/EC (Survey on 'Quality of life in cities') Flash Eurobarometer 366 by TNS/EC (Survey on 'Quality of life in cities') Flash Eurobarometer 366 by TNS/EC

31 Dimension Passenger flights 27. Potential road accessibility 28. Direct trains to other cities Dimension Quality of governance Number of passenger flights per day, accessible within 90 minutes of travel by road, divided by the total population and then multiplied by 100,000. Computed indicator based on road network data. Average hourly number of departures between 6:00 and 20:00 of direct trains to other cities / greater cities divided by the total population and then multiplied by 1 million. Computed indicator measuring the quality of government in three areas of public services: education, healthcare and law enforcement. Local & International Connections City % DG REGIO City % DG REGIO City % DG REGIO Quality of Governance NUTS 2, NUTS 1 and NUTS % DG REGIO Notes A Community design is a unitary industrial design right that covers the European Union. A design is defined as the appearance of the whole or a part of a product resulting from the features of, in particular, the lines, contours, colours, shape, texture and/or materials of the product itself and/or its ornamentation. ISCED 5: short cycle tertiary education. ISCED 6: Bachelor s or equivalent levels Programmes. ISCED 7: Master of equivalent level Programmes. ISCED 8: Doctoral or Equivalent level Programmes. NACE: is the statistical classification of economic activities in the European Union (EU). NACE is a four-digit classification providing the framework for collecting and presenting a large range of statistical data according to economic activity in the fields of economic statistics (e.g. production, employment and national accounts) and in other statistical domains developed within the European statistical system (ESS). NACE Rev. 2, a revised classification, was adopted at the end of 2006 and applied from 2007 onwards.

32 Cities host 72% of UE inhabitants and generate 68% of EU GDP