GENUS, LXVI (No. 2), 2010
|
|
- Valentine Lawrence
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 GENUS, LXVI (No. 2), 2010 WARREN C. ROBINSON Land, Labour and Population Growth: Theory, Policies and Case-Studies Collected Papers From Four Decades, AuthorHouse, Bloomington, Background and Context Part I. Surplus labor in traditional societies and how policy converts it to the development surplus a) Types of disguised rural unemployment (Oxford Economic Papers, 1969) b) The economics of work-sharing in peasant agriculture (Economic Development and Cultural Change, 1971) c) Agricultural surplus and population growth (Papers of IUSSP Congress, Manila, 1981) d) A generalization of the Boserup Model (Economic Development and Cultural Change, 1984) e) Disguised unemployment once again: East Pakistan, (American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 1969) Part II. Policy and other factor affecting Population Growth a) Population policy in early Victorian England (European Journal of population, 2002) b) Economic policy and population change in Thailand (World Development, 1978) c) Female autonomy and fertility (American Anthropologist, 1989) d) Economic development and population control (Journal of East Asian Affairs, 1983) e) Population control and development strategies Part III. Why the Transition Theory Still Proves Useful a) The development of modern population theory (American journal of Economics and Sociology, 1969) b) The Limits to Growth : a review ( Demography, 1973) c) Globalization, family structure and declining fertility (Review of Radical Political Economics, 2003) d) Demographic history and theory as guides to future population growth (Genus, 2004) e) Clash of Civilizations or demographic realignments? (Asian Population Studies, 2005) 129
2 Conclusions Reference This book, consisting of a collection of articles from the last four decades, explores the complex relationship between socio-economic development and demographic conditions. The focus is development economics, whose main purpose is identifying reasons for different stages of development in different parts of the world in order to improve living conditions in less developed countries. In other words the key question was why some countries are rich and others are poor?. There is a vast literature on this, with a common explanation being that there is a strong association between socio-economic underdevelopment, resource scarcity and rapid population growth. The notion of surplus soon emerged in the economic development debate. It is relevant in considering the possible link between these three elements and provides a conceptual underpinning for most of the book. Surplus is a broad concept and includes different interpretations and theoretical paradigms. However, in this context, one of the most important aspects is linked to savings. As the author asserts: Savings was, in effect, a kind of surplus over and above the substance requirements of the economy. Savings are needed to provide investments, which made economic improvements possible; population growth may reduce the investable surplus leading to an arrest in economic growth. Rapid population growth may lead to 1) a decrease of investments due to an increase in public expenditure on basic needs and 2) a reduction in fixed capital and land per worker. Together, these point to the need to reduce the rapid population growth in some parts of the world through appropriate programs and policies and the importance of understanding the complex interactions between mortality, fertility, and socio-economic development. Initial efforts to address the demographic conditions of less developed countries have focused on reducing mortality, mostly through the importation of new drugs and medical technologies. The success in lowering mortality achieved in many countries led to rapid population growth. Subsequent attempts to reduce fertility, which necessitate behavioral and societal changes, encountered much greater difficulties. The author asserts that efforts to affect population growth through policy could be shown to have a theoretical foundation in the existing major demographic paradigm transition theory. In other words, assuming the existence of continuous adjustments to achieve a balance between resources and population, he suggests the transition theory as the most suitable theoretical framework to understand population changes in relation to development issues. As the author says: the paper in this volume suggest strongly that there is a tendency for population, land and other resources to fall into a kind of equilibrium relationship given the underlying technology at both macro and micro levels. And further, that any disturbance 130
3 to this equilibrium sets in motion forces tending to restore a new balance. But, the sustainable equilibrium is not always a particularly desirable one. Therefore, as mentioned, papers in this book explore the linkage between levels of economic development, available resources and population growth, with particular regard to less developed countries. The main research question focuses on identifying the root causes of economic underdevelopment in order to in turn implement effective policy interventions. The book is divided into three parts, each with the aim of deepening one aspect of this complex framework of relationships: 1) the possible consequences of rapid population growth in terms of economic production; 2) the interaction between the stage of socioeconomic development and fertility levels; and 3) the theory of demographic transition as a general reference framework. The first section of the book examines the concept of surplus labour, particularly in agriculture, as an expression of excess workforce (due to rapid population growth) compared to the resources and fixed capital available. It also analyzes one of the main extents of surplus labour known as disguised unemployment. The latter term is used in development economics to indicate the absence of gain in terms of output derived from the use of the surplus labour due to population growth, given the limited resources and the lack of technological progress. The study highlights the existence of many kinds of disguised unemployment in relation to different underlying causes. For example, the inadequate level of output per worker may depend on the poor nutritional and health conditions of the workforce or on inadequate motivations and low aspirations. It can also depend on seasonal variability of employment in that sector. The argument pursued is that the different causes and conditions creating this phenomenon require targeted interventions. For example, the second paper in this section deals with work sharing as a possible solution in traditional agricultural settings in order to cope with the pressure of growing population density. Then, after a careful analysis of different types of existing surplus, an extension of the Esther Boserup model, exploring the connections between population growth, technologies, surplus and development, is proposed. Finally, in the fifth paper, the concepts and the theories discussed in the whole section are applied to the concrete case study of East Pakistan (Bangladesh) during , as it exemplifies the conditions mentioned above (such as rapid population growth, traditional agriculture etc). The second part of the book analyses the factors that influence fertility. As we know, strong population growth in developing countries is due to a rapid decrease in mortality which has not been accompanied by an equally rapid reduction in fertility. Hence there is a need to address fertility in order to rebalance population growth, since that in turn affects agricultural productivity and employment. In this section different types of interventions are reviewed. The first two articles analyze different approaches to address fertility decline. The first paper deals with attempts in England during the nineteenth cen- 131
4 tury to reduce population growth. The scholar rejects the idea that the fertility transition in Britain took place without any government interventions. He argues that the spread of Malthusian population principles led to a different perception of the cost of childbearing between the cultural and political elite. Despite the absence of a single homogeneous population policy, several measures were enacted, including the dismantling of family allowances of the Poor Laws and encouragement of emigration. Many of these policies were based on a system of disincentives and had a negative impact. They might also have stimulated an increase in abortions, infanticides and in the use of contraception, though it is not possible to prove it with any certainty. The second paper shows the indirect effects that economic policies have had on the reduction of fertility in Thailand. The introduction of a rice export tax there transferred both material and human capital from agriculture to industry, setting in motion a process of urbanization. Urbanization has important socio-cultural implications and promotes changes in behavior and attitudes, including those related to the desired family size. In the third paper, the role of female autonomy in reducing fertility is considered. While it is recognized that patriarchal and male-dominated societies contribute significantly to keeping fertility high, on the other hand, female autonomy (although important) is not in itself a sufficient condition to ensure fertility decline. Fertility is therefore the result of a complex interactions between different demographic, social, economic and cultural factors. As argued in the fourth article of this section, the proximate determinants model of fertility is of great relevance in understanding the fertility transition. At the end of this section (fifth paper) the scholar suggests that family planning can not be effective unless there is a certain degree of development in society. The primarily prerequisite for fertility decline is a widespread acceptance of its necessity, which occurs only after a certain stage of modernization has been reached. In this perspective the scholar divided less-developed countries with high fertility into three groups. The first group consists of countries that have already taken the path towards modernization and in which contraception has started to be accepted and practiced. There, family planning policies helped accelerate a drop in fertility. Countries in the second group have some form of modernization, though it is still not widespread. In these countries, efforts should be concentrated on reducing mortality (which is one of the most important reasons for large families preference) and on information and awareness campaigns. A third group is represented by countries at a very early stage of modernization, in which family planning interventions would be useless. In these contexts it is essential to provide basic infrastructure, including transport, health and education. In summary, the second section of this book points out that fertility, besides being determined by a set of proximate variables, is also influenced indirectly by a set of secondary variables such as social attitudes toward fertility and fam- 132
5 ily size, land-holding patterns, gender issues, the overall stage of socio-economic development etc. In order to affect fertility, population policies need to consider a complex context of interdependence. Finally, the third part of the volume suggests that the demographic transition theory is the most generally useful approach for understanding the past and also the future of population in relation to development change. In other words, the transition theory is the key to understanding and interpreting the continuous adjustment between population, resources, technologies, socio-economic conditions and political interventions. Given this perspective, the author concludes by asserting that new transitions and developments will take place in the future, giving further meaning to this underlying theoretical scheme. In the first paper of this section, in addition to providing a detailed description of the transition theory, the scholar reviews some of the most important population theories. The second paper deals with the theory of limits to growth, proposed by the Club of Rome as an alternative to the transition theory, emphasizing its limits in explaining the evolution of populations. The third article stresses the importance of globalization in bringing about relevant social and cultural changes, including those related to desired family size?. I this view, market-based capitalism tends to weaken the role of the traditional family in favor of more individualistic values of self-realization, leading to a general decrease in fertility. The fourth paper in this section points out how the western transition was not a isolated phenomenon. It was one of many transitions that have occurred since the ancient era. More will occur in the future. They are merely an expression of the continuous adjustments between population and resources and of the dynamic linkage between demographic conditions and development. Therefore, from this perspective, the transition theory is of increasing importance in understanding and interpreting the past, the present and the future of world population. This latter section of the book ends with a reflection on the existing conflicts in the world. The authors argue that most of these conflicts are the result of different demographic dynamics and unequal distribution of resources on the planet. Migration flows, although creating serious tensions, are a solution to the demographic and economic imbalances existing between different geographical areas. However, in the future, globalization, technology transfer and economic improvements in less developed countries will also be mitigating factors. This optimistic vision may require a very long time to actually be realized. The strength of this book lies in having combined several disciplines and in having simultaneously directed the research towards a policy-oriented purpose. Furthermore, this book provides us with a comprehensive overview of development issues within the framework of globalization. However, perhaps it might have been more appropriate to include these considerations in a more homogeneous framework. MARINA ZANNELLA 133
MODERNIZATION OF THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR IN THE CONTEXT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA
MODERNIZATION OF THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR IN THE CONTEXT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA Alexandru STRATAN, Victor MOROZ, Eugenia LUCASENCO Institute of Economy, Finance and Statistics,
More informationDealing with the inequality dimension of development
Dealing with the inequality dimension of development OECD-WB Conference on Challenges and policies for promoting inclusive growth 24-25 March 2011, Paris François Bourguignon Paris School of Economics
More informationConcept and Approaches to Development Planning
Concept and Approaches to Development Planning Dr. Lok Nath Bhusal Programme Director/Under Secretary National Planning Commission Secretariat 2074/5/9 Introduction Content of the Presentation Need for
More informationChallenges and Opportunities: Reform of China s Public Administration in the New Era
REFORM Asian Review OF of CHINA S Public Administration, PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION Vol. XIII, No. 1 (January-June 2001) 1 Challenges and Opportunities: Reform of China s Public Administration in the New Era
More informationBusiness Ethics. The role of employees in wealth creation. This chapter focuses on business ethics. Specifically, it deals with the role and
Business Ethics The role of employees in wealth creation Introduction This chapter focuses on business ethics. Specifically, it deals with the role and importance of employees in wealth creation. Moreover,
More informationSOCIO-ECONOMIC TRANSFORMATION IN UGANDA: for attainment of Middle Income Status
SOCIO-ECONOMIC TRANSFORMATION IN UGANDA: for attainment of Middle Income Status Paper by Kisamba-Mugerwa (PhD) Executive Chairperson National Planning Authority Uganda Dissemination Lecture at Mulusa Academy,
More informationThis lecture will help you understand: Case study: China s one-child policy. Our world at seven billion. Rates of growth vary from region to region
This lecture will help you understand: Lecture Outlines Chapter 8 Environment: The Science behind the Stories 4th Edition Withgott/Brennan Human population growth Different viewpoints on this growth Population,
More informationIdentify and promote tools and methodologies in planning and evaluating emergence;
United Nations Development Programme Declaration Africa Emergence Conference - Declaration Foreword The international Conference on the Emergence of Africa has taken place from March 18th to 20th, 2015
More informationTemplates for reviewing the evidence and for case studies
Templates for reviewing the evidence and for case studies Laura Stormont Health Workforce Migration and Retention Unit 1 Rationale behind the template Optimal approach would be RCTs But we can still produce
More informationEstimating Infrastructure s s Potential as a Catalyst for Asian Regional Integration, Growth, and Economic Convergence
Estimating Infrastructure s s Potential as a Catalyst for Asian Regional Integration, Growth, and Economic Convergence David Roland-Holst, UC Berkeley joint work with Ifzal Ali and Fan Zhai,, ADB presented
More informationMaster of Arts in Urban Studies
Master of Arts in Urban Studies Email Contact: UrbanStudies@slu.cuny.edu The Program The 30 credit MA in Urban Studies is designed for students pursuing both scholarly and professional interests in the
More informationCambridge Assessment International Education Cambridge International Advanced Subsidiary and Advanced Level. Published
Cambridge Assessment International Education Cambridge International Advanced Subsidiary and Advanced Level ECONOMICS 9708/43 Paper 4 Data Response and Essays MARK SCHEME Maximum Mark: 70 Published This
More informationChapter Three. Analyzing the marketing environment
{MARKETING MANAGEMENT } Chapter Three Analyzing the marketing environment A company s market environment consists of the actors and forces outside marketing that affect marketing management s ability to
More informationTowards an Impartial, Professional and Responsive Public Service
Towards an Impartial, Professional and Responsive Public Service Unlocking the Human Potential for Public Sector Performance 3 Introduction Within living memory, it used to be fairly simple and straightforward
More informationChapter 1 Buying, Having, Being
Chapter 1 Buying, Having, Being CONSUMER BEHAVIOR, 10e Michael R. Solomon 1-1 Learning Objective 1 Consumers use products to help them define their identities 1-2 Consumer Identity as an Aid to Marketers
More informationMaster of Arts in Labor Studies
Master of Arts in Labor Studies Email Contact: Rob Callaghan, rob.callaghan@cuny.edu The Program The 30 credit MA in Labor Studies draws on the knowledge and methodologies of the social sciences particularly
More informationKenya s Vision 2030:
Growing Unequally: An audit of the impact of Kenya s Vision 2030 growth on equality Kenya s Vision 2030: An Audit From An Income And Gender Inequalities Perspective Published by: Society for International
More informationSocial Cohesion Concepts and Measurement. Ghimar Deeb UNDP Social Cohesion and Community Security Technical Specialist
Social Cohesion Concepts and Measurement Ghimar Deeb UNDP Social Cohesion and Community Security Technical Specialist Outline 1. UNDP: Social Cohesion 2. Defining Social Cohesion 3. Assumptions about Social
More information1.0 The Challenges of Globalization and the Information Age. 2.0 The Digital Divide and its Socio-Economic Development Implications
1 ATPS SPECIAL PAPER SERIES NO. 5 1.0 The Challenges of Globalization and the Information Age The world economy is experiencing the impact of rapid globalization and the emerging information age, which
More informationRational Behavior of Employees Driven by Economic Interests
Rational Behavior of Employees Driven by Economic Interests Irina Bocharova State University - Education-Science-Production Complex Email: i-bocharova@yandex.ru Doi:10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n20p671 Abstract
More informationComments by Jose M. Salazar-Xirinachs At Launching Event of the Report organized by the State Secretariat for Economic Affairs and the World Bank
1 The World Bank s 2013 World Development Report on Jobs Comments by Jose M. Salazar-Xirinachs At Launching Event of the Report organized by the State Secretariat for Economic Affairs and the World Bank
More informationILO (Office) comments on the World Bank s World Development Report 2013: Jobs. 2 November, 2012
ILO (Office) comments on the World Bank s World Development Report 2013: Jobs 2 November, 2012 I. On collaboration between the ILO and World Bank The ILO welcomes the publication of the World Bank s WDR
More informationLaleh Karamizadeh Corresponding Author: M.S.C., Management Department, Islamic Azad University, Branch of Dehaghan, Iran.
Investigating the Effect of Organizational Socialization on the Employee Efficiency and Effectiveness through Mediating Role of Organizational Commitment (Isfahan Persian Bank as a Case Study) Ph.D. Mashallah
More informationYouth Employment National Action Plan Sri Lanka
Youth Employment National Action Plan Sri Lanka Presented by YEN Secretariat Ministry of Youth Affairs 19/03/2007 Dr. Markus Mayer/ 26.05.2006 Youth Employment Network, Sri Lanka Is a UN Millennium Development
More informationECONOMICS SOLUTION BOOK 1ST PUC. Unit Whose estimate of per capita income of India during colonial period was considered very significant.
Unit 1 I. Choose the correct answers (Each question carries one mark) 1. Whose estimate of per capita income of India during colonial period was considered very significant. (a) Dadabai Naoroji, (b) V.K.R.V
More informationA desk audit into the data and research on micro-business profiling in Australia Released July 2010
www.contractworld.com.au A desk audit into the data and research on micro-business profiling in Australia Released July 2010 Audit by Monash University Supported by Commonwealth Bank of Australia Coordinated
More informationGOG 102 & IPPE 2014 MEANING AND MEASURES OF DEVELOPMENT
GOG 102 & IPPE 2014 MEANING AND MEASURES OF DEVELOPMENT PROFESSOR RODDY FOX RODDY.FOX@HV.SE 1 1 Introduction Gapminder s Ignorance Survey Norway, Sweden, UK, USA, simple questions about key aspects of
More informationThe Energy Dimension of Saudi Arabia s Reform programs Arab Gulf States Institute in Washington (AGSIW) Roundtable March 5, 2018
The Energy Dimension of Saudi Arabia s Reform programs Arab Gulf States Institute in Washington (AGSIW) Roundtable March 5, 2018 I would like to thank Ambassador Marcelle Wahba and AGSIW for inviting me
More informationchapter 13 HRM and high-performance workplaces
STUDENT SUMMARY NOTES chapter 13 HRM and high-performance workplaces Chapter overview In this chapter we examine various job design strategies including the classical approach, the human relations movement,
More informationAlmost one third of the forest areas (1.71
Short Note Dualistic development and economic benefits: Experience from Community Forestry in Nepal A. R. Sharma 1* and R. B. Dangi 1 Almost one third of the forest areas (1.71 million hectares) throughout
More informationDynamics of Rural Transformation in Emerging Economies New Delhi, India, April 14-16,
International Conference Dynamics of Rural Transformation in Emerging Economies New Delhi, India, April 14-16, 2010 http://www.ruraltransformation.in Why an International Conference? One fourth of the
More informationDevelopment. Sharing Our Resources: A Vision for Addressing Cross Border Water Scarcity Caused by Climate Change
Population, Environment and Development Sharing Our Resources: A Vision for Addressing Cross Border Water Scarcity Caused by Climate Change Prof Dr Mohammad Nizamuddin Vice Chancellor, University of Gujrat
More informationWestern Philosophy of Social Science
Western Philosophy of Social Science Lecture 12. Population, technology and economic change in China's history Professor Daniel Little University of Michigan-Dearborn delittle@umd.umich.edu www-personal.umd.umich.edu/~delittle/
More informationYuri Yegorov, University of Vienna. Yegorov DEGIT16-SPb
Yuri Yegorov, University of Vienna Yegorov DEGIT16-SPb 1 The goal of this article is to discuss the interaction between Russian demographic problems and its specialization on the extraction of natural
More informationPunjab Growth Strategy 2018
Punjab Growth Strategy 2018 Accelerating Economic and Social Growth in Punjab The Government of Punjab requested an expert group of economists and sector specialists to assist in the development of the
More information1. A brief assessment of economic circumstances and the institutional background in Romania relevant for assisting disadvantaged groups
Assisting the Disadvantaged Groups Statements and Comments Florin-Marius Pavelescu Institute of National Economy-Bucharest 1. A brief assessment of economic circumstances and the institutional background
More informationIntroduction. Econ 1910 Poverty and distribution in developing countries. Tarjei Havnes
Introduction Econ 1910 Poverty and distribution in developing countries Tarjei Havnes Plan for the course What we are going to do: 1. Introduce theoretical models as ways of thinking about development
More informationChapter 1 The Concept of Strategy
Chapter 1 The Concept of Strategy 1. Strategy today is essentially a detailed plan which every member of the organization must follow to ensure success. @Pages and References: Page 2 2. Strategy is in
More informationLabour Market Performance and the Challenges of Creating Employment in India
Labour Market Performance and the Challenges of Creating Employment in India Presentation at the Expert Group Meeting on The Challenges of Building Employment for a Sustainable Recovery International Labour
More informationYouth Call for Action Health workers are an investment, not a cost
Youth Call for Action Health workers are an investment, not a cost We, the representatives of the present and the future health workforce, including students and young professionals from across the health
More informationThe relationship between spiritual leadership and vertical organizational trust
Journal of Scientific Research and Development 2 (5): 166-171, 2015 Available online at www.jsrad.org ISSN 1115-7569 2015 JSRAD The relationship between spiritual leadership and vertical organizational
More informationTowards a sustainable health workforce in the WHO European Region: framework for action
Regional Committee for Europe 67th session EUR/RC67/10 +EUR/RC67/Conf.Doc./5 Budapest, Hungary, 11 14 September 2017 1 August 2017 170677 Provisional agenda item 5(c) ORIGINAL: ENGLISH Towards a sustainable
More informationInclusive Economies: States of India
Inclusive Economies: States of India Version: August 19, 2017 By Chris Benner with: Gabriela Giusta and Bidisha Chaudhuri Outline Background & Evolution of the Inclusive Economies framework Sub-national
More informationTransformational Change Guidance
UNEP DTU Partnership, World Resources Institute Transformational Change Guidance Guidance for assessing the transformational impacts of policies and actions May 2018 How to choose which transformational
More informationPhd thesis summary. Regional determinants of unemployed women entrepreneurship in Poland
Katarzyna Gerejczyk Phd thesis summary Regional determinants of unemployed women entrepreneurship in Poland The dissertation covers the problem of unbalance of regional labour markets in Poland in the
More informationTOPIC 1B: DETERMINANTS AND THEORIES OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT (FDI)
TOPIC 1B: DETERMINANTS AND THEORIES OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT (FDI) 1. FDI is a feature of a broader economic phenomenon referred to as internationalization. 2. Internationalization relates to the organization
More informationContemporary World Problems and Issues I Environment, Population, Wealth
Course SST-5101-2 Contemporary World Problems and Issues I Contemporary World SST-5101-2 Contemporary World Problems and Issues I Environment, Population, Wealth INTRODUCTION The goal of the course Contemporary
More informationEXECUTIVE SUMMARY EXECUTIVE SUMMARY. 5th. International Report CRIME PREVENTION AND COMMUNITY SAFETY: Cities and the New Urban Agenda
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 5th International Report CRIME PREVENTION AND COMMUNITY SAFETY: Cities and the New Urban Agenda This is the fifth International Report on Crime Prevention and Community
More informationNATIONAL INDIVIDUAL CONSULTANCY
1 NATIONAL INDIVIDUAL CONSULTANCY National Consultant to develop a Rwanda National Youth Report Job Title: Category: Duty Station: Type of contract: Expected starting date: Duration of assignment: National
More informationWOMAN IN THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA: BETWEEN LIVING AND WORKING.EQUAL WAGE BETWEEN WOMEN AND MEN AS AN IMPORTANT FACTOR OF ECONOMICGROWTH
WOMAN IN THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA: BETWEEN LIVING AND WORKING.EQUAL WAGE BETWEEN WOMEN AND MEN AS AN IMPORTANT FACTOR OF ECONOMICGROWTH Student: Chitanu Maria EMREI (World Economy and International Economic
More informationFresh Water Treaty. International Setting and Issues in Water, Environment and Development
Fresh Water Treaty Preamble International Setting and Issues in Water, Environment and Development 1. In recent years most countries have faced a grave economic crisis which generated a great decrease
More informationA Study on the Approaches to Participatory Urbanization and its Advantages
A Study on the Approaches to Participatory Urbanization and its Advantages Hui PENG, Jianping RYE, China, P. R. Key words: peasants, participatory urbanization, approaches, advantages SUMMARY To avoid
More informationRISK MANAGEMENT IN THE INTERNATIONALIZATION PROCESS A CHALLENGE OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN ROMANIA
RISK MANAGEMENT IN THE INTERNATIONALIZATION PROCESS A CHALLENGE OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN ROMANIA Cezar MILITARU Marcel ISAC Adriana ZANFIR Abstract: The financial and economic crisis which has created severe
More informationELECTRONIC SERVICES, A REAL SUPPORT FOR CITIZENS AND BUSINESS COMMUNITY
ELECTRONIC SERVICES, A REAL SUPPORT FOR CITIZENS AND BUSINESS COMMUNITY Armenia ANDRONICEANU Academy of Economic Studies, Piata Romana, 6, Bucharest, Romania armenia.androniceanu@man.ase.ro Abstract Electronic
More information1. E-TVET Strategy. Introduction
1. E-TVET Strategy Introduction It is taken for granted that the healthy socioeconomic growth of societies depends, to a great extent, upon the quality and effectiveness of their human resources development
More informationDublin City Schools Science Graded Course of Study Systems of the Earth
I. Content Standard: Earth and Space Sciences Students demonstrate an understanding about how Earth systems and processes interact in the geosphere resulting in the habitability of Earth. This includes
More informationThe Human Resources Development Research after National Demographic Turning Point (Case Study of China economic cycle)
178 RESEARCH JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND HYDROBIOLOGY http://www.aensiweb.com/jasa 2015 AENSI Publisher All rights reserved ISSN:1816-9112 Open Access Journal The Human Resources Development Research after
More informationStrategic objective No. 3: Enhance the coverage and effectiveness of social protection for all
Strategic objective No. 3: Enhance the coverage and effectiveness of social protection for all 102. The need to improve social protection has been at the centre of ILO action since its inception. Despite
More informationThe Transition to Programmatic Approaches and Programming Principles & Project Standards
The Transition to Programmatic Approaches and Programming Principles & Project Standards C ARE International approved a Program Standards Framework that relates the Vision and Mission to selected Principles,
More informationJames Wakiaga Economics Advisor Policy and Advisory Unit UNDP Ethiopia
Ensuring National Policy Coherence in Economic, Social & Environmental Dimensions in the Promotion of Full Employment & Decent Work for All Lessons from Ethiopia James Wakiaga Economics Advisor Policy
More informationGROWING, SHRINKING AND LONG RUN ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE: HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES ON ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
GROWING, SHRINKING AND LONG RUN ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE: HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES ON ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT Stephen Broadberry (Nuffield College, Oxford) John Wallis (University of Maryland) June 2017 INTRODUCTION
More informationCHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Research background With the acceleration of urbanization and industrialization, the rapid development of the automobile industry, the international oil supply and demand contradictions
More informationSABER-WfD Workforce Development in Egypt: Overview of SABER-WfD Diagnostic Tool
SABER-WfD Workforce Development in Egypt: Overview of SABER-WfD Diagnostic Tool Amira Kazem Senior Operations Officer, Task Team Leader Education Sector, Middle East and North Africa 11 June, 2013 1 Presentation
More informationUnderstanding the Security Implications of Critical Energy and Environmental Issues
Concept paper for the Rome 2009 conference (by Carol Dumaine and L. Sergio Germani) ENERGY, ENVIRONMENT AND THE FUTURE OF SECURITY IN CENTRAL ASIA Understanding the Security Implications of Critical Energy
More informationKlaus Schmierl (ISF Munich) 32. Annual Conference of the IWPLMS, Bamberg, 11th 13th July 2011 Stream 2: Education, Skills and the Life Course
Klaus Schmierl (ISF Munich) Cross-company Learning Alliances in the German Metal and Electrical Industries and their importance for the Dual System of Vocational Education and Training in Germany 32. Annual
More informationPunjab Growth Strategy 2018
Working paper Punjab Growth Strategy 2018 Accelerating Economic Growth and Improving Social Outcomes - Executive Summary Planning & Development Department, Government of the Punjab March 2015 When citing
More informationStrengthening Growth in an Era of Demographic Change. BIAC Statement to the Meeting of G8 Labour and Employment Ministers
Business and Industry Advisory Committee to the OECD Comité Consultatif Economique et Industriel Auprès de l OCDE Strengthening Growth in an Era of Demographic Change BIAC Statement to the Meeting of G8
More informationComparative Analysis and Urban Public Policies: A methodology for conceptualizing the role of the actors
World Bank Washington DC, September 16, 2008 Cynthia Ghorra-Gobin (CNRS, director of research) CGG holds a Ph.D. in urban planning UCLA and a doctorat d Etat from the University of Paris 1. She is affiliated
More informationI. Learning Objectives II. Economic Growth
I. Learning Objectives In this chapter students will learn: A. Two ways that economic growth is measured. B. The definition of modern economic growth and the institutional structures needed for an economy
More informationThe Performances and Challenges of Growth and Transformation Plan I in Ethiopia: the Case of Economic Growth and Social Development, Part I
The Performances and Challenges of Growth and Transformation Plan I in Ethiopia: the Case of Economic Growth and Social Development, Part I By Teshome Adugna (PhD) 1 1. Introduction September 27, 2015
More informationTHE BUSINESS OF INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS: WHAT NEW AND FLEDGLING PRACTITIONERS NEED TO KNOW ABOUT WORKING EFFECTIVELY WITH TRADE UNIONS
THE BUSINESS OF INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS: WHAT NEW AND FLEDGLING PRACTITIONERS NEED TO KNOW ABOUT WORKING EFFECTIVELY WITH TRADE UNIONS BY DANNY ROBERTS, VICE PRESIDENT 1 JAMAICA CONFEDERATION OF TRADE UNIONS
More informationMuhammad Sajid Khattak 3 and Tahir Farid 4. Research Article. Greener Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Greener Journal of Agricultural Sciences ISSN: 2276-7770; ICV: 6.15 Vol. 2(7), pp. 303-310, November, 2012 Copyright 2017, the copyright of this article is retained by the author(s) http://gjournals.org/gjas
More informationA View on Sustainable Development in Agriculture: the experience of the peasant movements in Sri Lanka
Page 1 of 5 A View on Sustainable Development in Agriculture: the experience of the peasant movements in Sri Lanka Presented by: Sarath Fernando, Moderator, Movement for National Land and Agricultural
More informationBalance of rice for the Mekong Delta - Viet Nam to 2050 in terms of industrialization and climate change
International Journal of Agricultural Sciences ISSN: 2167-0447 Vol. 2 (1), pp. 040-045, January, 2012. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org International Scholars Journals Full Length
More informationACCELERATING GLOBAL ACTIONS FOR A WORLD WITHOUT POVERTY
ACCELERATING GLOBAL ACTIONS FOR A WORLD WITHOUT POVERTY Inter-agency Expert Group Meeting on Implementation of the Third United Nations Decade for the Eradication of Poverty (2018-2027) United Nations
More informationRevised negotiating text I. A shared vision for long-term cooperative action 1
Example of consolidating options and alternatives related to the chapter on shared vision in the AWG-LCA Revised Negotiating Text Intersessional informal consultations 14 August 2009, 10:00 Revised negotiating
More informationFraming elements for the 2019 Rural Development Report
Framing elements for the 2019 Rural Development Report David Tschirley and the IFAD team Presented at opening session of IFAD RDR 2019 authors workshop IFAD Headquarters, Rome March 15, 2018 Outline Research
More informationECONOMICS COURSE DESCRIPTIONS FOR FALL 2005
ECONOMICS COURSE DESCRIPTIONS FOR FALL 2005 The following course descriptions give the number and title of each course. Lecture hours per week, laboratory and/or tutorial hours per week, and credits each
More informationHuman Resources Management in Construction
4 Human Resources Management in Construction Dr. Nabil I. El Sawalhi Construction Management 1 Content External Issues Affecting HRM in Construction 1. Demographic Changes Age Composition of the Workforce
More informationReport on sustainable development goals for the West Africa subregion. Key messages. African Union Commission. African Development Bank 1
Report on sustainable development goals for the West Africa subregion Key messages African Union Commission African Development Bank 1 Report on sustainable development goals for the West Africa subregion
More informationBRICS and Knowledge-Intensive Business Services (KIBS): A Pressing Theoretical and Empirical Agenda
BRICS and Knowledge-Intensive Business Services (KIBS): A Pressing Theoretical and Empirical Agenda Seminar presentation CEPAL 18 October 2012 Andrew Jones City University, London Patrik Ström University
More informationThe program is offered through CUNY SPS s Joseph S. Murphy Institute for Worker Education and Labor Studies.
Urban Studies (MA) PROGRAM DIRECTOR: Michael Fortner CUNY School of Professional Studies Joseph S. Murphy Institute for Worker Education 25 West 43rd Street New York, NY 10036 Email Contact: Samina Shahidi,
More informationInternational Journal of Business and Management
A Research on the Development of Rural Banks and the Relief of Rural Financial Difficulties --Taking Chengdu as a Sample Experiment Zone of Comprehensive Reform Package to Balance Urban and Rural Development
More informationCFS contribution to the 2018 High Level Political Forum on Sustainable Development global review
CFS contribution to the 2018 High Level Political Forum on Sustainable Development global review Transformation towards sustainable and resilient societies In depth-review of SDGs 6, 7, 11, 12, 15, 17
More informationGreen Economics and. Green Consumerism
Green Economics and Green Consumerism The capitalist economy is based on economic liberalism This is parallel to political liberalism and draws on many of the same tenets: individualism, self-interest,
More informationHUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT CONTRIBUTION TO ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBALIZATION
HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT CONTRIBUTION TO ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBALIZATION Luţ Dina Maria lecturer, PHD student Christian University Dimitrie Cantemir Faculty of Management in
More informationASSESSMENT OF NECESSITY OF A FAVORABLE PUBLIC POLICY TOWARD MODERN BULGARIAN AGRICULTURAL COOPERATIVES
Trakia Journal of Sciences, Vol. 8, Suppl. 3, pp 185-190, 2010 Copyright 2009 Trakia University Available online at: http://www.uni-sz.bg ISSN 1313-7069 (print) ISSN 1313-3551 (online) ASSESSMENT OF NECESSITY
More informationWORLD YOUTH REPORT YOUTH AND THE 2030 AGENDA FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
WORLD YOUTH REPORT YOUTH AND THE 2030 AGENDA FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT WORLD YOUTH REPORT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY YOUTH AND THE 2030 AGENDA FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT THE World Youth Report: Youth and the
More informationModule 1: Conceptual framework: gender issues and gender analysis approaches
Module 1: Conceptual framework: gender issues and gender analysis approaches In this module, you will: explore the definitions of gender and sex ; understand what the key gender issues are in agriculture
More informationWHY STUDY POPULATION???
POPULATION WHY STUDY POPULATION??? It is important to understand where and why a region s population is distributed as it is in order to know how to increase food supply, reduce pollution, and encourage
More informationBA IN PUBLIC GOVERNANCE
The BA-degree provides a unique curriculum with specialisation in Municipal Management and Leadership. The programme aims to ensure a balance between acquiring workplace skills and transfer of subject
More informationPreliminary Study of the Impact of Land Use Change and Incidence of Malaria and Schistosomiasis on Household Productivity in Tigray, Ethiopia
Preliminary Study of the Impact of Land Use Change and Incidence of Malaria and Schistosomiasis on Household Productivity in Tigray, Ethiopia by Donald L. Grebner, * Gregory S. Amacher, and William F.
More informationINTA 630: International Economic Development LECTURE 3: THEORIES OF DEVELOPMENT I THE CLASSIC THEORIES OF GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
INTA 630: International Economic Development LECTURE 3: THEORIES OF DEVELOPMENT I THE CLASSIC THEORIES OF GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT LECTURE 3: THEORIES OF DEVELOPMENT I FOUR MAJOR CLASSIC THEORIES OF DEVELOPMENT
More informationCOUNCIL OF EUROPE COMMITTEE OF MINISTERS. RECOMMENDATION No. R (84) 2 OF THE COMMITTEE OF MINISTERS TO MEMBER STATES
COUNCIL OF EUROPE COMMITTEE OF MINISTERS RECOMMENDATION No. R (84) 2 OF THE COMMITTEE OF MINISTERS TO MEMBER STATES ON THE EUROPEAN REGIONAL/SPATIAL PLANNING CHARTER (Adopted by the Committee of Ministers
More informationRAPID ILORIN. Building a Future of Quality, A Happy People, A Happy City of Ilorin.
RAPID ILORIN Building a Future of Quality, A Happy People, A Happy City of Ilorin www.nurhi.org RAPID Ilorin Building a Future of Quality, A Happy People, A Happy City of Ilorin This booklet focuses on
More informationBoosting economic dynamics and job growth: The potential of industrial policies. Setting the scene: New industrial policies for catching up
Boosting economic dynamics and job growth: The potential of industrial policies Joint workshop of the Friedrich Ebert Foundation and ILO 4-5 March 2013 The Jiva Hill Hotel, Crozet, France Setting the scene:
More informationSkills Gaps, Skills Shortages and Skills Mismatches
Skills Gaps, Skills Shortages and Skills Mismatches Peter Cappelli August 2014 Framing the problem: assertions in popular press and business/industry studies Wide-spread problems in the supply of skill
More informationGreen Army - A Labour Bank Experiment in Kerala
Journal of Extension Education Vol. 26 No. 4, 2014 Green Army - A Labour Bank Experiment in Kerala S. Darsana 1 and V. Ravichandran 2 ABSTRACT The inadequate labour supply and high wages are the major
More informationChapter 9: Extending corporate accountability: the incorporation of social and environmental factors within external reporting.
Chapter 9: Extending corporate accountability: the incorporation of social and environmental factors within external reporting Solutions 9.2 We can refer to the definition of accountability provided by
More informationNeoclassical economics (1890s 1930s)
Neoclassical economics (1890s 1930s) Two founders of neoclassical economics: Alfred Marshall (1842-1924), Principles of economics, 1890 Leon Walras (1834-1910), Elements of pure economics, 1874 Alfred
More information