The Role of the National Focal Point

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1 The purpose of this document is to invite to an exchange of opinions to the national focal points and to representatives of those entities which constitute the national coordinating body. The document does not represent the policy of the secretariat in this matter. I Role of the National Focal Points Due to the complexity, rapid evolution and variety of issues that the Rio conventions undertake, particularly the UNCCD, it is required the operation of official links for its formulation and implementation at the national level. This role corresponds primarily to national institutions, called National Focal Points, NFP, who serve as links, negotiators, designers, facilitators and participants 1 in the attainment of the objectives and mandates of the UNCCD. They make sure that, on one side, the populations of communities affected by desertification and drought processes and on the other side government and non-government agencies of all types, be benefited with the implementation of the fields covered by the Convention. These tasks correspond to the National Coordinating Body, NCB. Specifically, the text of the UNCCD mentions that the Focal Point is a country representative that serves as liaison to the Convention, specifically with its Secretariat. The focal point is distinguished for being the leader or head officer accredited of the country s Delegation before the COP and also participates in the activities that are carried out intersessionally. As the NFP takes charge of presenting and indicating positive solutions to problems at the national level, it is necessary the recognition, from national governments, of the importance of the functions performed by such agent. It requires support for preparation in matters related to the Convention, in the development and strengthening of international negotiation capacities (based on solid national positions, subregional and regionally, formal and informally) and in the identification and awareness of possible impacts and interlinkages. The activities that the PFN undertakes are additional to the traditionally carried out, requiring the strengthening of national capacities for sound identification of the desertification and drought phenomena and the consequent international negotiation for the implementation of proposed results. One example of the complexities of the task to be performed by the NFP is the recently 2 voiced calls for mainstreaming activities for the National Action Programs to Combat Desertification and Drought, NAPs, into overall national development strategies. It is necessary to establish a national level mechanism by which the NFP can be empowered and given access (to information and existing resources) and a voice in negotiations on development assistance. This is so more complex when taking into account the apparently opposite approaches the NFP must use to particularly attract financial support for the operative stages of the UNCCD implementation. The crucial example is provided by balancing a bottom-up approach at 1 The UNCCD text indicates the primary role that stakeholders play in the implementation of its objectives. 2 At the Ad Hoc Working Group meetings, celebrated in Bonn, Germany during March-April, 2001

2 the local and stakeholder level and a top-to-bottom approach when developing and establishing links with ministries that are relevant to international financial cooperation (like the ministries of finance, economy, planning and international cooperation). These different methodologies to solving problems must be reflected at the institutional level. The positioning of the NFP in the governmental setup is the way country parties governments can show their political commitment to the UNCCD process. A further strengthening of the NFP is needed to assure a proper coordination and effective implementation of the UNCCD. The UNCCD National Focal Points have six main functions derived from the UNCCD mandate, expressed in the NAPs: 1. To serve as link before the Conference of the Parties of the UNCCD. 2. To develop the national vision in the issues of desertification and drought integrated into the framework of the country s policies and strategies on sustainable development. 3. To contribute and to participate in the national development of knowledge, inasmuch as policies and measures related to scientific - technical and socio-economic issues, to make them an integral part of the national political agenda. 4. To actively participate in the development of policies, goals and national action programs on desertification and drought. 5. To produce and to distribute scientific and technical information as well as to take actions geared to increase awareness and capacity raising to the directly affected and its organizations. 6. To develop training and formation programs at the base-level organizations. The NFP should use the more appropriate means available to reach both, the stakeholders in affected zones and the decision making level, like ministries that deal with negotiations on financial assistance from developed country parties and the focal points from other UN sustainable development conventions. Some of them are: 1. To participate in the celebration of awareness meetings in a decentralized manner, at the national, government, and local levels; 2. To support the production of materials in diverse forms, accessible to the affected communities and decision makers (newspapers, radios, through universities, research centers, NGOs, municipalities) and to publicly debate national and local needs and concerns; 3. Cooperation in the generation of conservation and productive projects and activities, with training and technology transfer components, and incentives for the improvement and enhancement of local knowledge and gender equality; 4. Development of mechanisms for the creation and strengthening of partnerships, making an optimal use of the available resources. For their activities, the NFP can be benefited from the National Coordinating Body, from regional and subregional nodes in desertification and drought, from the UNCCD s

3 Committee on Science and Technology, as well as from the extensive range of activities and projects in implementation in the countries, of bilateral and multilateral sources. II The National Coordinating Body and the elaboration of the national action programs of and its indicators of implementation and evaluation The need for a NCB is expressed because its reasons of being, as the instance that will eventually back up and support the work of the NFP. The affected country parties will appoint a National Coordinating Body, NCB, to perform a catalyzing function in the elaboration, implementation and evaluation of its national action program. The National Focal Point will be a member of the NCB. Also, the composition of the NCB is of utmost importance. It is necessary to ensure that both, local level and decision makers of the various relevant ministries that deal with developing assistance be members of the NCB. The NCB will have the following functions: 1. It will determine and will examine measures, beginning with a consultation process at the local level in which local communities participate, indigenous groups and local authorities, donor countries and intergovernmental and non-government organizations, upon the initial stakeholder consultations at the national level; 2. It will determine and will analyze the existing constraints, needs and resources required that affect development issues and the sustainable use of land resources; will recommend practical measures to avoid duplication of efforts with the maximum advantage possible of the pertinent activities under way, and will promote the application of the results; 3. It will facilitate the planning of activities and projects based on flexible and interactive criteria to assure the broad participation of populations in affected zones and to reduce to the minimum the adverse effects of those activities; also, will determine financial and technical cooperation needs, establishing an order of priorities among them; 4. It will establish and will utilize pertinent indicators that can be measurable and easily verifiable, to assure the preliminary exam and assessment of the national action programs, that must comprise short, medium and long run measures, and the implementation of such agreed national action programs; 5. It will prepare reports upon the progresses carried out in the implementation of the national action programs. III Sustainability of the NFP To improve the Sustainability of the activities of the NFP is required to have the critical mass of key national players aware and participating in the UNCCD process. This is

4 when the NAP mainstreaming should be integrated. The development of some initial activities in sound identification of the phenomenon is a must. 1. Utilization of physical and biological indicators, and of other types, to scientifically determine the magnitude of the problem and its long-term perspectives. 2. Dissemination of the UNCCD issues, with strong participative efforts, taking into consideration gender issues of and community participation in general, based on improvement of household economies and attaining poverty reduction objectives. 3. In Latin America and The Caribbean the actions of drought should walk next to desertification efforts, seeking integrated and consistent willingness to do just that. 4. Training linked to other efforts, for example the issue of health (basic health) and improvement of water availability, without forgetting the aspects of economics and production (compatible economic activities with environmental characteristics that neither promote desertification nor drought) and in general, of poverty reduction and food security. 5. Financial resources and efforts of desertification should be articulated, doing the link among the economic aspects and desertification issues (e.g. economic impacts of desertification) and the recognition and taking advantage of synergies with other environment and sustainable development conventions to mainstream the NAP process. 6. Social mobilization, dissemination and public consultation in the rural area is crucial in LAC. It is intended to institutionally create the NCB, a political type organism, which can help in taking adequate decisions at the government level and in strengthening the organization of the national focal point. The issues of desertification, drought, poverty and environmental programs must transcend of traditional programs and should seek a cross cutting issue, which can be provided by the UNCCD, with national goals clearly defined. Sustainability of these concerns mentioned can be only given by its true integration into the national sustainabledevelopment strategic framework. IV Suggestions for the organization of the National Coordinating Body, of which the National Focal Point is a member The UNCCD has elaborated a series of methodological documents on the issue, of which the present notes are derived. The experience of some countries stands out the need to create adequate institutionality to the particular conditions of each country, by answering to the questions expressed in the table 1 below. Table 1: Guidelines for the conformation of the National Coordinating Body, of which the NFP is a member */ Indicators Evaluation parameters Remarks Questions

5 Indicators Established and functional National Coordination Body, NCB and the role of National Focal Point, NFP Evaluation parameters Legal status Resources Cross-cutting and multidisciplinary characters Composition and mode of operation Remarks The status of the NCB as well as its role, function of the NFPs give an indication of its institutional capability and latitude to act in promoting the UNCCD implementation as a supervisory and coordinating body. Resources (human, financial, material), as indications of the NCB s capacity to act. Should be reflected, within the NCB, by the presence of senior staff from various sectors who are trained and have experiences in various socio-economic and environmental fields and in natural resource management. Should describe how the NCB enables various actors to participate in its work, in particular representatives of local populations and NGOs. Questions What is the juridical personality of the NCB? What is its legal capacity? Does it have financial autonomy? What are its functions and mandate? What is its institutional framework? What are its human resources (total staff number of managers, professionals and their levels and areas of expertise)? What are its financial resources? What are the other material resources (equipment etc)? What are the social and economic sectors that are relevant to combating land degradation represented in the NCB? What are other relevant institutional or social categories represented? 3 What are the ways and means of communication or networking among members of the NCB and the groups they represent? With regard to consultations: What is the modality for nominating members of the NCB? What is the composition of the NCB and what is the ratio of Government/civil society and men/women among participants? What is the frequency of meetings of the NCB? With regard to functioning: Is there a work plan and timetable for activities? Is there a budget for the functioning of the NCB? What are the mechanisms for supervision, control and evaluation of the work of the NCB? 3 In some countries besides the government, these entities are part of the NCB: universities, NGOs, scientific organizations, rural associations, indigenous associations, convergence fora, sustainable development networks.

6 Indicators Evaluation parameters Status of information data Remarks Databases, access to the internet, web site, information networking (internal and external) Questions What are the information system capacities of the NCB? What specific databases are being maintained by the NCB? What other databases exist in the country which are relevant to desertification? How exchanges of information are promoted internally and externally by NFP/NCB? */ Adapted from National Reports On The UNCCD Implementation, Help Guide Version 1, October 1999

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